Unilateral submandibular gland aplasia with ipsilateral sublingual gland hypertrophy presenting as a neck mass

The congenital absence off the major salivary glands is a very infrequent disorder, in which several glands are usually involved at the same time. Sometimes this disorder can be associated with other developmental anomalies. The unilateral aplasia of the submandibular gland is an extremely rare finding with only 14 cases reported in the literature. Clinically, this kind of patients may complain of dryness of the mouth, difficulties in chewing and swallowing, severe periodontal disease or multiple caries, but usually they follow an asymptomatic course. Salivary gland aplasia can be diagnosed with a large variety off imaging techniques, which include computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRR), ultrasonography (UUS), sialography, or scintigraphy. In this paper we report a case off a patient referred to our department with a long term and progressive growing neck mass, who has an unilateral submandibular gland aplasia associated to an ipsilateral hypertrophy off the sublingual gland. © Medicina Oral S. L

Spain

This chapter presents a review of the situation concerning the various geomorphological hazards in the country, including some information about existing programmes for research, control and mitigation. With its great variety of climatic, geological and morphodynamic environments, Spain is subject to every kind of natural hazard: tsunamis, floods, volcanism, and mass movements. The whole of the territory is prone to some kind of geomorphological hazard but it is in the eastern and southern coastal strips that the risks are greatest. One of the main problems for the mitigation of geomorphological hazards in Spain is the lack of an appropriate regulatory framework for the incorporation of natural hazard assessments into land-use planning and management at the macro-, meso- and micro-planning levels. The coverage of hazard mapping is still far from complete or adequate, and much work remains to be done. There has been considerable diversity in the methods used for risk assessment and for the cartographic representation of natural hazards. An urgent need is to establish common, accepted methodologies and criteria, based on indicators defined as clearly as possible, and to standardize map legends and scales for different planning levels. Information programmes for the general public also need to be considerably expanded

The effect of excess weight on circulating inflammatory cytokines in drug-naïve first-episode psychosis individuals

Background: Low-grade inflammation has been repeatedly associated with both excess weight and psychosis. However, no previous studies have addressed the direct effect of body mass index (BMI) on basal serum cytokines in individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP). Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of BMI on basal serum cytokine levels in FEP patients and control subjects, separating the total sample into two groups: normal-weight and overweight individuals. Methods: This is a prospective and open-label study. We selected 75 FEP patients and 75 healthy controls with similar characteristics to patients according to the following variables: sex, age, and cannabis and tobacco consumption. Both controls and patients were separated into two groups according to their BMI: subjects with a BMI under 25 were considered as normal weight and those with a BMI equal to or more than 25 were considered as overweight. Serum levels of 21 cytokines/chemokines were measured at baseline using the Human High Sensitivity T Cell Magnetic Bead Panel protocol from the Milliplex® Map Kit. We compared the basal serum levels of the 21 cytokines between control and patient groups according to their BMI. Results: In the normal-weight group, IL-8 was the only cytokine that was higher in patients than in the control group (p = 0.001), whereas in the overweight group, serum levels of two pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, p = 0.000; IL-1?, p = 0.003), two chemokines (IL-8, p = 0.001; MIP-1?, p = 0.001), four Th-1 and Th-2 cytokines (IL-13, p = 0.009; IL-2, p = 0.001; IL-7, p = 0.001; IL-12p70, p = 0.010), and one Type-3 cytokine (IL-23, p = 0.010) were higher in patients than in controls. Conclusions: Most differences in the basal serum cytokine levels between patients and healthy volunteers were found in the overweight group. These findings suggest that excess weight can alter the homeostasis of the immune system and therefore may have an additive pro-inflammatory effect on the one produced by psychosis in the central nervous system.Funding: The present study was carried out at the Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain, under the following grant support from MINECO SAF2013-46292-R, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla. No pharmaceutical company has participated in the study concept and design, data collection, analysis and interpretation of the results, and drafting of the manuscript. We thank the Valdecilla Biobank for blood sampling handling and storage. We also wish to thank the participants and their families for enrolling in this study. The study, designed and directed by B C-F, conformed to international standards for research ethics and was approved by the local institutional review board

4to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

Este volumen acoge la memoria académica de la Cuarta edición del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2017, desarrollado entre el 29 de noviembre y el 1 de diciembre de 2017 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS) en su sede de Guayaquil. El Congreso ofreció un espacio para la presentación, difusión e intercambio de importantes investigaciones nacionales e internacionales ante la comunidad universitaria que se dio cita en el encuentro. El uso de herramientas tecnológicas para la gestión de los trabajos de investigación como la plataforma Open Conference Systems y la web de presentación del Congreso http://citis.blog.ups.edu.ec/, hicieron de CITIS 2017 un verdadero referente entre los congresos que se desarrollaron en el país. La preocupación de nuestra Universidad, de presentar espacios que ayuden a generar nuevos y mejores cambios en la dimensión humana y social de nuestro entorno, hace que se persiga en cada edición del evento la presentación de trabajos con calidad creciente en cuanto a su producción científica. Quienes estuvimos al frente de la organización, dejamos plasmado en estas memorias académicas el intenso y prolífico trabajo de los días de realización del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad al alcance de todos y todas

Covid-19, una mirada desde la pediatría

COVID-19 was predominantly more prevalent among adults over the age of 15 in the early stages of the outbreak, and the proportion of confirmed cases among children was relatively lower. However, because younger children cannot wear chinstraps and no other preventive measures have been taken in this group. Children have certain peculiarities and we cannot clearly demonstrate their state of health, which has contributed to the serious challenge of protecting, diagnosing and treating this population. Due to the increasing worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2, we have new challenges for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic among children. At the same time, children with comorbidities are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The present review tries to show this disease from the pediatric point of view, to guide its diagnosis and management.El COVID-19 fue predominantemente más prevalente entre adultos mayores de 15 años en las primeras etapas del brote y la proporción de casos confirmados entre niños fue relativamente menor. Sin embargo, debido a la creciente propagación mundial del SARS-CoV-2, tenemos nuevos desafíos para la prevención y el control de la epidemia de COVID-19 entre los niños. Ya que en los más pequeños no se pueden emplear medidas de prevención (barbijos), la clínica inespecífica que presentan, las dificultades para el diagnóstico, la deficiente comunicación entre médico-paciente y familiar que han contribuido al desafío de desarrollar medidas para proteger a esta población, al igual que al personal de salud que manejan casos pediátricos.  Al mismo tiempo, los niños con comorbilidades, s on vulnerables a la infección por SARS-CoV-2. La presente revisión intenta mostrar esta enfermedad desde el punto de vista pediátrico, para orientar en su diagnóstico y manejo

Probiotics in the treatment of acute rotavirus diarrhoea. A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial using two different probiotic preparations in Bolivian children

Abstract Background Evidence suggests that probiotics reduce rotavirus diarrhoea duration. Although there are several probiotic strains potentially useful, daily practice is often limited by the type and number of products locally available. In general, information about combined products is scarce. In this study we compare the effect of two probiotic products in the treatment of diarrhoea in children less than 2 years of age. Methods A Randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial in children hospitalized for acute rotavirus diarrhoea, in the Paediatric Centre Albina Patino, Cochabamba, Bolivia. Participants were children aged 1 - 23 months, who were randomly assigned to receive one of three treatments: Oral rehydration therapy plus placebo; Oral rehydration solution plus Saccharomyces boulardii; or Oral rehydration solution plus a compound containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium longum and Saccharomyces boulardii. Sample size was 20 per group and the outcomes were duration of diarrhoea, of fever, of vomiting and of hospitalization. Results 64 cases finished the protocol. On admission, patients' characteristics were similar. Median duration of diarrhoea (p = 0.04) in children who received the single species product (58 hours) was shorter than in controls (84.5 hrs). Comparing children that received the single probiotic product and controls showed shorter duration of fever (18 vs 67 hrs) (p = 0.0042) and the mixed probiotic of vomiting (0 vs 42.5 hrs) (p = 0.041). There was no effect on duration of hospitalization (p = 0.31). When experimental groups were merged, statistical significance of changes increased (total duration of diarrhoea, fever and vomiting P = 0.025, P = 0.025 and P = 0.014, respectively). Conclusions Both products decreased the duration of diarrhoea compared to oral rehydration solution alone. This decrease was significant only for the single species product which also decreased the duration of fever. With the multiple species product there was no vomiting subsequent to the initiation of treatment. The quantity of probiotic bacteria needed for optimum treatment of gastroenteritis remains to be determined, particularly when multiple species are included in the product. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT00981877 Link: https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol/sid/S0002653/selectaction/View/ts/2/uid/U0000N04 Trial Registration Clinical trials NCT ID: NCT00981877</p

On the numerical resolution of the discontinuous material bifurcation problem

The work focuses on the numerical resolution of the discontinuous material bifurcation problem as a relevant ingredient in computational material failure mechanics. The problem consists of finding the conditions for the strain localization onset in terms of the so-called bifurcation time, localization directions and localization modes. A numerical algorithm, based on the iterative resolution of a coupled eigenvalue problem in terms of the localization tensor, is proposed for such purpose. The algorithm is shown to be always convergent to the exact solution for the symmetric case (major and minor symmetries of the tangent constitutive operator). In the unsymmetric case (only minor symmetries), the solution is no longer exact, although it is shown that using the symmetric part of the localization tensor in the proposed algorithms provides enough accurate solutions for most of cases. Numerical examples illustrate the benefits of the proposed methodology in terms of accuracy and savings in the computational cost associated with the problem.Peer Reviewe

Prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal y valoración de proteína c-reactiva ultrasensible en pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica

La enfermedad isquémica cardiaca representa la octava causa de muerte en el Ecuador, y se sabe que la periodontitis puede ser un factor de riesgo para el desencadenamiento o progresión de la misma. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal y el valor de la proteína C reactiva ultrasensible en pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular. Materiales y métodos: El presente estudio analizó la prevalencia de periodontitis en 43 pacientes del Hospital de la Policía Nacional con diagnóstico de cardiopatía isquémica establecida. Adicionalmente, se valoró la proteína C reactiva ultrasensible (PCR-US) que se utiliza como predictor de riesgo cardiovascular, la cual varios autores han determinado se presenta en niveles más altos en pacientes con enfermedad periodontal. Los datos fueron ingresados en una base electrónica en Microsoft Excel y específicamente diseñada para este estudio. Posteriormente se realizó el análisis inferencial para lo cual se calculó la prueba de Chi cuadrado en las variables cuantitativas y la prueba de t de Student en las variables cuantitativas utilizando el paquete estadístico Instat GraphPad v.3.05 Resultados: Mostraron que el 58% de los pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular tuvieron concomitantemente enfermedad periodontal, mientras que de los pacientes que padecían cardiopatía isquémica y periodontitis, el 48% presentaron niveles de PCR-US más altos que los normales. Conclusión: La enfermedad periodontal es un factor de riesgo modificable, susceptible de ser prevenido y tratado con procedimientos de bajo riesgo, por lo tanto, su tratamiento puede ser un componente integral de la cardiología preventiva