The Maré Museum: an integrated project of community development

 The Maré Museum, founded on 8 May 2006, arose from the desire of the inhabitants of the community to have a place of memory, a place that is immersed in the past and looks to the future, a place that reflects on this community, on their conditions and identities and on their territorial and cultural diversity. The intention of the Maré Museum is to break with the tradition that the experiences to be recollected and the places of memory to be remembered are those elected by the official version, the "winner" version of the story that restricts the representations of history and memory of large portions of the population. The Maré Museum, as a pioneer initiative in the city scene, proposed to expand the museological concept, so that it is not restricted to intellectual social groups and cultural spaces that are not accessible to the general population. The museum has established recognition that the slum is a place of memory and so has initiated a museographic reading of the Mare community. ..

A Simple Method for the Biodiesel Production by the Reuse of Different Types of Waste Frying Oils

A simple and complete method for the production and characterization of methylic and ethylic biodiesel from the main types of waste frying oils produced in Brazil was developed. The waste frying oils of soybean, canola, corn and sunflower were employed in the production of methylic and ethylic biodiesel by transesterification reaction via basic homogeneous catalysis. The transesterification reactions were performed at 40ºC during 40 min, using a catalyst percentage (KOH) equal to 2%. After separation of the phases biodiesel/glycerol, biodiesel was washed with 0.1M HCl aqueous solution, heated at 100 ºC to remove excess alcohol and finally filtered under vacuum with silica, a drying agent. The reaction yields were in the range 67.8-95.9%, quite satisfactory. The oxidative stability index was obtained for the oils as well as the biodiesel. Quality control of the original oil and of the methylic and ethylic biodiesels was accomplished by the TLC and GC-MS techniques. The results presented indicate the main waste frying oils produced in Brazil as potential sources of feedstocks for biodiesel production, which could aid in the development of the local cities that adopt programs to collect and reuse of waste oils. Furthermore, we emphasize that was obtained a route for biodiesel production greener, producing a biofuel substituent to mineral diesel by the reuse (or recycling) of waste.Key words: Methylic biodiesel; Ethylic biodiesel; Waste frying oil

Santa Catarina Southern coast occupation: a historical analysis of drivers and processes.

Abstract: Considering the occupation and land use as processes that follow patterns related to the historical context and the natural and human characteristics of a region, the objective of this work was to identify drivers of change, as well as, understand the dynamics of occupation in two municipalities from southern coastal areas of Santa Catarina state, Brazil, using multiple geography techniques. Different patterns were identified, classified and mapped. In rural areas, access, subdivision property of small farms and increase areas for agriculture and cattle are the main drivers of change. At the shore portion of the municipalities, infrastructure deployment in the coastal settlements, which occupy almost all of the 32 km of coastline with 60,000 plots of land registered, was detected as the most important factor that influence on use and cover change. At the urban centers, the differences in occupation history generated differences in current population formation and in the drivers that are responsible for the urban growth

Analytical modeling of DSG in parabolic trough solar collectors

Direct steam generation (DSG) in the absorber pipes of parabolic trough solar collectors is a promising procedure since the thermal fluid is water instead of thermal oil, as conventional solar concentrating systems use. It enables higher cycle temperatures and efficiencies, reducing the cost of the system. This paper presents an analytical model of (DSG) process in parabolic trough collectors. A collector row was divided in three sections and for each section a system of differential equations was derived. The model was implemented and simulations performed using a configuration and parameters similar to works published in the technical literature. Results of simulation have shown good agreement with them and allow obtaining many important parameters of the (DSG) process along the collector row: external and internal absorber temperature, fluid flow and temperature, vapor title and useful energy. A linear relationship between useful energy and collected irradiance has been obtained. Using the utilizability method, this result enables to make long term predictions about the system’s performance.Generación directa de vapor (GDV) en los tubos absorbedores de colectores solares cilindro parabólicos es un procedimiento promisorio ya que utiliza agua como fluido térmico en lugar de aceite (utilizado en los procedimientos convencionales). Permite temperaturas y por tanto eficiencias más elevadas del ciclo Rankine, reduciendo el costo del sistema. Este trabajo presenta un modelo analítico del proceso GDV en colectores solares cilindro-parabólicos. La columna de colectores fue dividida en tres secciones y se obtuvo un sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales para cada una de ellas. El modelo fue implementado y las simulaciones se realizaron con una configuración y parámetros similares a los trabajos publicados en la literatura técnica. Los resultados muestran un buen acuerdo con ellos y permiten la obtención de muchos parámetros importantes del proceso GDV a lo largo de la columna de colectores: temperatura interna y externa del tubo absorbedor, caudal y temperatura del fluido térmico, título de vapor y energía útil. Se ha obtenido una relación lineal entre la energía útil y la irradiación solar colectada. Por medio del método de utilizabilidad, este resultado permite hacer predicciones a largo plazo sobre el rendimiento del sistema.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Digital soilscape mapping of tropical hillslope areas by neural networks

Geomorphometric variables are applied in digital soil mapping because of their strong correlation with the disposition and distribution of pedological components of the landscapes. In this research, the relationship between environmental components of tropical hillslope areas in the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, artificial neural networks (ANN), and maximum likelihood algorithm (MaxLike) were evaluated with the aid of geoprocessing techniques. ANN and MaxLike were applied to soilscape mapping and the results were compared to the original map. The ANN architectures with seven and five neurons in the hidden layer produced the best classifications when using samples obtained systematically. When random samples were applied, the best neural net architectures were within 22 and 16 neurons in the hidden layer. In conclusion, the ANN can contribute to soilscape surveys, making map delineation faster and less expensive. The digital elevation model (DEM) and its derived attributes can contribute to the understanding of the soil-landscape relationship of tropical hillslope areas; the use of artificial neural networks and MaxLike is feasible for digital soilscape mapping. The systematic sampling method provided a global accuracy of 70 % and 65.9 % for the ANN and the MaxLike, respectively. When the random sampling method was applied, the ANN had a global accuracy of 69.6 %, and the MaxLike had an accuracy of 62.1 %, considering the total study area in relation to the reference map

Modelagem de fertilidade do solo por simulação estocástica com tratamento de incertezas

This work described a methodology of fertility modeling that integrates chemical properties of the soil through the Monte Carlo method. The chemical attributes are spatialized, along with their estimation uncertainties, by a geostatistical procedure of random simulation. Uncertainties of the chemical properties are propagated to the resulting fertility model allowing the generation of fertility maps conditioned to preset risk levels. The method presented here is illustrated by a case study of fertility for soy culture, at the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, considering the following chemical properties of the soil: exchangeable aluminum, potassium and cation exchange capacity.O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever um procedimento de modelagem de fertilidade do solo que integra propriedades químicas do solo utilizando-se do método de Monte Carlo. A espacialização das propriedades químicas foi obtida por procedimento geoestatístico de simulação estocástica, com modelagem das incertezas associadas às estimativas. As incertezas das propriedades químicas foram propagadas para o modelo de fertilidade resultante, possibilitando a geração de mapas de fertilidade condicionados a níveis de risco prédefinidos. O método aqui apresentado é ilustrado por um estudo de caso de fertilidade para cultura de soja, no Estado de Santa Catarina, considerando as seguintes propriedades químicas do solo: alumínio trocável, potássio e capacidade de troca catiônica

Crambe (Crambe hispanica Subsp. abyssinica) Grains Mycobiota and Natural Occurrence of Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A, Fumonisin B1 and Zearalenone

Crambe grains are a new feed with high concentrations of proteins and fibers. As there is no control during the pre-harvesting or post-harvesting stages of production other grains, crambe may be contaminated by fungi. Fungal overgrowth may lead to mycotoxins production and nutritional properties decrease of the grains. The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of fungi and mycotoxins according to pre-harvesting management. Fungal concentration was higher than that recommended by international regulations (3.4×106 to 1.3×104 CFU.g-1), suggesting that management in pre-harvesting stages of crambe grains production may expose the animals that will feed on these grains to the risk of contamination by fungal toxins. More studies are required about quality of crambe grains, because may be strongly affected by the exposition to variable environmental conditions. But, considering low mycotoxin incidence and levels founded, the crambe proves to be a safe food to be exploited for animal nutrition.Fil: Vieira Rosetto, Claudia Antonia. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Oliveira, Águida Aparecida De. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Keller, Luiz Antonio Moura. Universidade Federal Fluminense; BrasilFil: Cavaglieri, Lilia Reneé. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Rodrigues, Eliane. No especifíca;Fil: Rosa, Carlos Alberto da Rocha. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro; Brasi

Por um Plano Nacional de Educação (2011-2020) como política de Estado

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INDICADORES HIDROLÓGICOS PARA A GESTÃO DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO MANUEL ALVES DA NATIVIDADE, TOCANTINS

Objetivou-se no presente trabalho caracterizar o regime hidrológico da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Manuel Alves da Natividade, TO, com seção de controle no posto fluviométrico denominado Fazenda Lobeira. Para tanto, foram quantificados indicadores hidrológicos regionais associados a vazões médias, mínimas e máximas, precipitação média na bacia, balanço hídrico anual, além de suas principais características morfométricas. Foram utilizadas cenas do modelo digital de elevação ASTER em ambiente SIG e séries históricas pluviométricas e fluviométricas disponibilizadas pela Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA). Os resultados mostraram que o regime de chuvas apresenta forte concentração no verão, com 50,4% do total anual entre os meses de dezembro, janeiro e fevereiro. Os indicadores de eventos hidrológicos extremos máximos mostraram que em um ano hidrológico típico a vazão média de cheia supera em 7,1 vezes a vazão média, e que o evento com recorrência de 100 anos, que é um indicativo do vulto da cheia associada com a inundação da zona ribeirinha supera em 2,2 vezes a vazão média de cheia na bacia. O período de vazante é fortemente influenciado pelo longo período de estiagem, que apresenta 5 meses consecutivos com precipitação inferior a 50 mm (maio a setembro). A análise de indicadores hidrológicos associados com vazões mínimas de referência identificou alta vulnerabilidade natural dos recursos hídricos superficiais, permitindo concluir que o incentivo à adoção de práticas conservacionistas de manejo de bacias hidrográficas e de obras de regularização são essenciais para a otimização dos recursos hídricos superficiais nesta bacia.Palavras-chave: modelo digital de elevação, morfometria, hidrologia, rendimento específico