Estimation of specific cutting energy in an S235 alloy for multi-directional ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining using the Finite Element Method

The objective of this work is to analyze the influence of the vibration-assisted turning process on the machinability of S235 carbon steel. During the experiments using this vibrational machining process, the vibrational amplitude and frequency of the cutting tool were adjusted to drive the tool tip in an elliptical or linear motion in the feed direction. Furthermore, a finite element analysis was deployed to investigate the mechanical response for different vibration-assisted cutting conditions. The results show how the specific cutting energy and the material’s machinability behave when using different operational cutting parameters, such as vibration frequency and tool tip motion in the x-axis, y-axis, and elliptical (x-y plane) motion. Then, the specific cutting energy and material’s machinability are compared with a conventional turning process, which helps to validate the finite element method (FEM) for the vibration-assisted process. As a result of the operating parameters used, the vibration-assisted machining process leads to a machinability improvement of up to 18% in S235 carbon steel. In particular, higher vibration frequencies were shown to increase the material’s machinability due to the specific cutting energy decrease. Therefore, the finite element method can be used to predict the vibration-assisted cutting and the specific cutting energy, based on predefined cutting parameters.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Adaptive Comfort Models Applied to Existing Dwellings in Mediterranean Climate Considering Global Warming

Comfort analysis of existing naturally ventilated buildings located in mild climates, such as the ones in the Mediterranean zones, offer room for a reduction in the present and future energy consumption. Regarding Spain, most of the present building stock was built before energy standards were mandatory, let alone considerations about global warming or adaptive comfort. In this context, this research aims at assessing adaptive thermal comfort of inhabitants of extant apartments building in the South of Spain per EN 15251:2007 and ASHRAE 55-2013. The case study is statistically representative housing built in 1973. On-site monitoring of comfort conditions and computer simulations for present conditions have been carried out, clarifying the degree of adaptive comfort at present time. After that, additional simulations for 2020, 2050, and 2080 are performed to check whether this dwelling will be able to provide comfort considering a change in climate conditions. As a result, the study concludes that levels of adaptive comfort can be considered satisfactory at present time in these dwellings, but not in the future, when discomfort associated with hot conditions will be recurrent. These results provide a hint to foresee how extant dwellings, and also dwellers, should adapt to a change in environmental conditions

La familia Asteraceae en el Parque Nacional Los Mármoles, Hidalgo, México

An inventory of the species of Asteraceae occurring in the Los Mármoles National Park (PNM) was carried out; this park is located in the northwestern part of the state of Hidalgo. In the PNM, six different vegetation types are found, the Pinus-Quercus and Quercus forests being the dominating ones. A total of 101 species of Asteraceae was recorded, distributed in 13 tribes and 51 genera; two species are alien (exotics) for the flora of Mexico. Members of the tribes Eupatorieae (26 species), Heliantheae (17), Astereae (11), and Coreopsideae (10) predominated. The genera with the highest number of species are Ageratina (11), Stevia (11), Pseudognaphalium (6), and Dahlia (5). Species endemic to Mexico constitute the main component (54), followed by those distributed from Mexico to Central America (16); only five species (including the two exotics) also occur in the Old World. The use of non-parametric estimators indicated that the degree of completeness of the Asteraceae flora known to date for the park ranges between 70 and 84%.Se realizó un inventario de las especies de la familia Asteraceae presentes en el Parque Nacional Los Mármoles (PNM), localizado en la porción noroeste del estado de Hidalgo. En el PNM se reconocen seis tipos de vegetación, predominando los bosques de Pinus-Quercus y de Quercus. Se encontraron 101 especies, distribuidas en 13 tribus y 51 géneros; dos de ellas naturalizadas (exóticas). Los miembros más numerosos son de las tribus Eupatorieae (26), Heliantheae (17), Astereae (11) y Coreopsideae (10). Los géneros mejor representados son Ageratina (11), Stevia (11), Pseudognaphalium (6) yDahlia (5). Las especies endémicas al territorio de la República constituyen el componente más importante (54), siguiendo en relevancia las distribuidas de México a Centroamérica (16); solamente cinco (incluyendo las dos introducidas) también existen en el Viejo Mundo. El uso de estimadores no paramétricos indicó que el grado de completitud del inventario de la flora sinanterológica conocida hasta la fecha para el Parque es de entre 70 y 84%

Analysis of energy consumption in different European cities: the Adaptive Comfort Control Implemented Model (ACCIM) Considering Representative Concentration Pathways(RCP) scenarios

Reports of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change have set various greenhouse gasemissions scenarios, through which the evolution of the temperature of the planet can be estimatedthroughout the 21st century. The reduction of the emissions from the different activities carried out bymankind is crucial to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. One of the most significant activities is users’behaviour within buildings, particularly the use of Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning systems.Modifying users’ behaviour patterns to guarantee acceptable thermal conditions inside buildingscould lead to considerable energy saving percentages, and adaptive thermal comfort models couldbe an opportunity to achieve important savings. For this reason, this study analyzes the potentialto apply adaptive thermal comfort models to use artificial air-conditioning systems by modifyingsetpoint temperatures. The analysis was conducted in five major European cities (Barcelona, Berlin,Bern, Rome, and Vienna) and in five climate change scenarios in the year 2050. The results showedthat, in general, the energy saving achieved by adaptive strategies was larger in the cities with agreater cooling demand. Also, in both Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) of the FifthAssessment Report (AR5) considered, the energy saving were decreased in the cities of Barcelona andRome, with values lower than those of the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) scenarios considered,whereas in the cities of Berlin, Bern, and Vienna, the saving in the RCP scenarios is greater than thosein the other scenarios

Alternativa metodológica para el desarrollo de la resistencia a la fuerza rápida en la lucha femenina

The research deals with a topic of great relevance and controversy in the academic circles of sport. The subject of sports training in female wrestling athletes in the category of 13-15 years is based on several methodological theoretical foundations. The aim is to offer a solution to the problem detected, from the contribution to the development of the resistance to the rapid force addressed in the process of the physical preparation of the practitioners. In this sense, a methodological alternative is proposed as the main contribution of the research. This includes a system of structural and functional elements in which it is emphasized as a contribution in the planning and execution of the special physical preparation of females, oriented to the methodological development for its fulfillment.  La investigación aborda un tema de mucha actualidad y polémica en los círculos académicos del deporte. Se parte de varios fundamentos teóricos metodológicos el tema del entrenamiento deportivo en las atletas de lucha libre femenina en la categoría de 13-15 años. Se persigue ofrecer una vía de solución al problema detectado, a partir de la contribución al desarrollo de la resistencia a la fuerza rápida abordado en el proceso de la preparación física de las practicantes. En tal sentido se propone una alternativa metodológica como aporte principal de la investigación. Esta comprende un sistema de elementos estructurales y funcionales en la que se enfatiza como contribución en la planificación y ejecución de la preparación física especial de las féminas, orientadas al desarrollo metodológico para su cumplimiento

Competitividad de la producción de carne de bovino en la región norte de Veracruz

Knowledge of the competitiveness of bovine meat (beef) production in the northern region of Veracruz is important because it allows to know the level of profit obtained by the producers and their chances of survival within a free trade environment. In order to know if Governmental intervention has favoured the level of competitiveness in beef production in northern Veracruz to recommend the granting of subsidies, a Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) was constructed for the following groups of producers: conventional, in transition and in business. Results indicated that private profit was positive, and the ratio of private cost was less than one, indicating that the activity is competitive. Similarly, the economic gain was positive, and the resource cost ratio was less than one, indicating that all three systems have comparative advantages. The value of the effective protection coefficient, less than one, indicates that the activity has no protection over the price of the product, or the price of inputs. Finally, the subsidy equivalent to –510, –688 and –538 for producers in groups 1, 2 and 3 indicated that the intervention of the Government through economic policy has not favoured the competitiveness of the livestock sector. Considering the results, the granting of subsidies is justified to counteract the negative effects that the current economic policy has on beef production.El conocimiento de la competitividad de producción de carne de bovino en la región norte de Veracruz es importante porque permite conocer el nivel de ganancia obtenido por los productores y sus posibilidades de supervivencia en un ambiente de libre comercio. Con el objetivo de conocer si la intervención del Gobierno ha favorecido el nivel de competitividad en la producción de carne de bovino en el Norte de Veracruz para recomendar el otorgamiento de subsidios se construyó una Matriz de Análisis de Política (MAP) para los siguientes grupos de productores: convencionales, en transición y empresariales. Los resultados indican que la ganancia privada fue positiva y la relación del costo privado fue menor a la unidad, lo cual señala que la actividad es competitiva. De manera similar, la ganancia económica fue positiva y la relación del costo de los recursos fue menor a la unidad, lo cual indica que los tres sistemas cuentan con ventajas comparativas. El valor del coeficiente de protección efectiva, menor a la unidad, indica que la actividad no tiene protección sobre el precio del producto, ni sobre el precio de los insumos. Por último, el subsidio equivalente a –510, –688 y –538 para los productores de los grupos 1, 2 y 3 indicó que la intervención del Gobierno a través de su política económica no ha favorecido la competitividad del sector pecuario. Al considerar los resultados, se justifica el otorgamiento de subsidios para contrarrestar los efectos negativos que tiene la actual política económica sobre la producción de carne de bovino

Crustal velocity and strain rate fields in the Balearic Islands based on continuous GPS time series from the XGAIB network (2010-2013)

In this paper, we present a first estimation, using the GIPSY-OASIS software, of the crustal velocity and strain rate fields in the Balearic Islands (Spain), based on continuous GPS observations from the XGAIB network spanning the period 2010-2013. The XGAIB network consists of nine permanent, widely distributed stations that have operated continuously since 2010. In this paper, we describe the XGAIB network and the CGPS data processing and present our principle results in terms of the position time series and velocities of all of the sites, which were observed for more than three and a half years. In addition, strain tensors were estimated from the velocity field to obtain the first realistic crustal deformation model of the archipelago. The strains exhibit gradual variation across the Balearic Islands, from WNW-ESE extension in the southwest (Ibiza and Formentera) to NW-SE compression in the northeast (Menorca). These results constitute an advance in our knowledge of the tectonics of the western Mediterranean region.This research was partly funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the AYA2010-15501, CGL2011-30153-C02-02 and CSD2006-0041 projects (European Regional Development Fund-ERDF)

Mesenchymal stem cells secretome : The cornerstone of cell-free regenerative medicine

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most frequently used stem cells in clinical trials due to their easy isolation from various adult tissues, their ability of homing to injury sites and their potential to differentiate into multiple cell types. However, the realization that the beneficial effect of MSCs relies mainly on their paracrine action, rather than on their engraftment in the recipient tissue and subsequent differentiation, has opened the way to cell-free therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine. All the soluble factors and vesicles secreted by MSCs are commonly known as secretome. MSCs secretome has a key role in cell-to-cell communication and has been proven to be an active mediator of immune-modulation and regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the use of secretome has key advantages over cell-based therapies, such as a lower immunogenicity and easy production, handling and storage. Importantly, MSCs can be modulated to alter their secretome composition to better suit specific therapeutic goals, thus, opening a large number of possibilities. Altogether these advantages now place MSCs secretome at the center of an important number of investigations in different clinical contexts, enabling rapid scientific progress in this field.Supported by Spanish Ministerio de Economía y competitividad, No. RTI2018-097324; Predoctoral program in Biomedicine from the University of Cantabria and the Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL), No. PREVAL 19/02 and PREVAL 20/01

Transcultural adaptation and validation of the Spanish language version of the questionnaire OQLQ for the assessment of quality of life in orthognathic patients

Orthognathic surgery is the cornerstone of the treatment of dentofacial deformities, which have a great psychological and social impact on the life of the patient. Patient satisfaction and the impact on quality of life have recently become clinical parameters of growing importance. The aim of this study was to undertake a transcultural adaptation, translation to Spanish and validation of this version of the questionnaire OQLQ, used to measure quality of life in the context of Spanish culture. Validation of the OQLQ questionnaire to the Spanish language was carried out through the methodology of translation and back translation, conceptual equivalence and piloting. The Spanish version was applied through a cross-sectional study to a total of 50 patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. The adapted and validated version showed adequate metric properties of reliability, change sensitivity and validity. In this study, a positive impact of orthognathic surgery on the specific quality of life was evident in 96% of patients, with an average improvement of 58% with respect to the initial score. Dentofacial deformities have a marked negative impact on the lives of patients, with orthognathic surgery being a therapeutic tool of great value in improving the quality of life in social, functional and aesthetic terms. The pilot test of this Spanish language version of the OQLQ proved valid for the assessment of quality of life in Spanish-speaking orthognathic patients or those with a Spanish culture

Comunidad Emprendedora e Innovación Social a través del aprendizaje-servicio: emprende, innova y aprende haciendo una servicio junto con la comunidad y las aplicaciones de la tecnología educativa

Memoria ID-073 Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2020-2021