Uppkomsten av ett professionellt medicinskt fält

The book deals with the rise of the professional medical field in Sweden during Middle Ages to 1990s with special focus on the professions which have been active in the field, doctors, nurses and biomedical analysts (previous laboratory assistants). Often books about professions focus on one profession or one important institution but there are none covering the wider professional medical field over time.;The analysis of the professional field departs from acknowledging the social processes which are profound in the development of professional knowledge, power and social order. Why has the medical profession such high status? How come that certain professions have powers over others? What kind of professional knowledge does the medical science contribute with? These are some of the questions this book is aiming to answer, using theory from the tradition of sociology of professions. ;The book gives an overview of the development of the Swedish state and the healthcare system in particular. In addition, it analyses how early organizational traditions, social mobilization and the creation of a common cognitive base both stimulate and limit opportunities for occupations and their professionalization within the field. It contributes to a deepened knowledge about professions which extends the everyday meaning of an occupation. Potential readers are researchers within sociology of professions, university students and professionals within the medical field who have interest in professions and power structures

Uppkomsten av ett professionellt medicinskt fält

"To analyze the emergence of a professional field means to understand the social processes that take place in the formation of professions in society such as. knowledge, power and social order. Why does the medical profession have such a high status? How come some professions have power over others? What does medical science contribute to professional knowledge? These are some of the questions that this book seeks to answer through a professional sociological analysis. The book is about the growth and professionalization of the Swedish medical field from the Middle Ages to the 1990s, with a focus on three of its professions that have been active there, namely doctors, nurses and biomedical analysts (former laboratory assistants). Books about professions often focus on a profession or an important institution, but there is no book that describes the larger social professional medical field over time. By becoming aware of the field-specific change and development processes and their inertia, one understands that change is very slow and that there are many parameters that must work in the same direction for a real change to take place and be noticed. Other important insights are that the professions themselves are not so strong and dynamic, but that they are dependent on opportunities being opened and closed by external forces, in many cases without their intervention. The book sheds light on how to understand the world around you in a new way, with a critical holistic perspective and with terminology that can help to put into words what is experienced.

SLTs’ conceptions about their own and parents’ roles during intervention with preschool children

© 2019 Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists Background: Current research investigating collaboration between parents and speech and language therapists (SLTs) indicates that the SLT role is characterized by therapist-led practice. Co-working with parents of children with speech and language difficulties is less frequently described. In order to embrace co-working during intervention, the SLT role may need to be reframed, focusing on acquiring skills in the role of coach as well as the role of planning intervention and treating children. Aims: To report (1) SLTs’ conceptions about their own roles during intervention for pre-school children with speech and language difficulties; and (2) SLTs’ conceptions of parents’ roles during intervention. Methods & Procedures: A qualitative study used individual, semi-structured interviews with 12 SLTs working with pre-school children. Open-ended questions investigated SLTs’ expectation of parents, experience of working with families, and the SLTs’ conception of their roles during assessment, intervention and decision-making. Thematic network analysis was used to identify basic, organizational and global themes. Results & Outcomes: SLTs had three conceptions about their own role during intervention: treating, planning and coaching. The roles of treating and planning were clearly formulated, but the conception of their role as coach was more implicit in their discourse. SLTs’ conception of parents’ roles focused on parents as implementers of activities and only occasionally as change agents. Conclusions & Implications: Collaboration that reflects co-working may necessitate changes in the conception about the role for both SLTs and parents. SLTs and parents may need to negotiate roles, with parents assuming learner and adaptor roles and SLTs adopting a coaching role to activate greater involvement of parents. Applying conceptual change theory offers new possibilities for understanding and enabling changes in SLTs’ conception of roles, potentially initiating a deeper understanding of how to achieve co-working during speech and language intervention

What is the value and impact of quality and safety teams? A scoping review

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to conduct a scoping review of the literature about the establishment and impact of quality and safety team initiatives in acute care.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Studies were identified through electronic searches of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ABI Inform, Cochrane databases. Grey literature and bibliographies were also searched. Qualitative or quantitative studies that occurred in acute care, describing how quality and safety teams were established or implemented, the impact of teams, or the barriers and/or facilitators of teams were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data on study design, sample, interventions, and outcomes. Quality assessment of full text articles was done independently by two reviewers. Studies were categorized according to dimensions of quality.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of 6,674 articles identified, 99 were included in the study. The heterogeneity of studies and results reported precluded quantitative data analyses. Findings revealed limited information about attributes of successful and unsuccessful team initiatives, barriers and facilitators to team initiatives, unique or combined contribution of selected interventions, or how to effectively establish these teams.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Not unlike systematic reviews of quality improvement collaboratives, this broad review revealed that while teams reported a number of positive results, there are many methodological issues. This study is unique in utilizing traditional quality assessment and more novel methods of quality assessment and reporting of results (SQUIRE) to appraise studies. Rigorous design, evaluation, and reporting of quality and safety team initiatives are required.</p

Familjebakgrund avgör strategi för högre studier : Det sociala rummet av utbildningsstrategier

Mål Ett övergripande mål för projektet ”Grusade förhoppningar eller lyckade nyorienteringar. Högskolestuderandes ändrade studieplaner och avhopp inom högre utbildning 1977 – 2007” har varit att undersöka mönster i högskolestuderandes studievägar. Fokus har varit på ett antal yrkesprogram och de studenter som ändrar inriktning eller avbryter sina högskolestudier i förtid. Ett viktigt område att undersöka har varit studiemönstrens karaktär och frekvens, dvs. hur vanligt det är med olika typer av kursändringar och avhopp inom olika yrkesutbildningar samt hur dessa kan relateras till studenter med olika bakgrund eller andra strukturella faktorer. I tre delstudier har projektets mål brutits ned till följande delmål: 1) att få kunskap om antagningsmönster, effektivitet och genomströmning inom ett knippe svenska yrkesprogram samt hur dessa mönster kan relateras till studenters sociala, ekonomiska och kulturella resurser; 2) att få kunskap om såväl riskfaktorer som skyddande faktorer avseende studieavbrott inom lärarutbildning samt om studenters perspektiv på att vara eftersläntrare och slutligen 3) att kritiskt undersöka hur statistik om avhopp och genomströmning är uppbyggd och om vad som händer med den vetenskapliga kunskapsproduktionen inom forskningsområdet kring genomströmning och avhopp inom högre utbildning när forskare använder internationell statistik som skapats i uppföljningssyfte för europeisk politik. I denna rapport fokuseras resultat från den första delstudien. Resultat i korthet • Högskolestudenters studiemönster skiljer sig åt i intensitet, effektivitet och genomförande. Två huvudtyper har identifierats: ett sammanhållet intensivt studiemönster respektive ett utspritt extensivt studiemönster. Till dessa mönster hör två ytterligare dimensioner rörande hög och låg effektivitet samt grad av examensbenägenhet. • Studiemönstren var främst beroende av; typ av utbildningsprogram och lärosäte samt av föräldrars socioekonomiska status och utbildningsnivå. Andra viktiga faktorer var kön, gymnasiebetyg, deltagande i studier på Komvux, inkomst, studenters och föräldrars födelseland samt föräldrars yrkessektor. • Studenter vars föräldrar har låg utbildningsnivå börjar högskolestudier senare, har ofta egen familj och läser sin utbildning koncentrerat inom ett utbildningsområde utan pauser – ett så kallat sammanhållet intensivt studiemönster. • Studenter vars föräldrar har hög utbildningsnivå använder högskolan friare och mer, dvs. de väljer längre utbildningar, men tar också pauser över både en och flera terminer från den utbildning man är antagen på och rör sig över flera utbildningsområden. Denna utbildningsstrategi kallas ett utspritt och extensivt studiemönster. Detta mönster är också vanligare hos studenter som påbörjar högskolestudier tidigt och som har höga eller medelhöga betyg.”Grusade förhoppningar eller lyckade nyorienteringar. Högskolestuderandes ändrade studieplaner och avhopp inom högre utbildning 1977 – 200