8 research outputs found
Rapid within- and transgenerational changes in thermal tolerance and fitness in variable thermal landscapes
Get PDFPhenotypic plasticity may increase the performance and fitness and allow organisms to cope with variable environmental conditions. We studied within-generation plasticity and transgenerational effects of thermal conditions on temperature tolerance and demographic parameters in Drosophila melanogaster. We employed a fully factorial design, in which both parental (P) and offspring generations (F1) were reared in a constant or a variable thermal environment. Thermal variability during ontogeny increased heat tolerance in P, but with demographic cost as this treatment resulted in substantially lower survival, fecundity, and net reproductive rate. The adverse effects of thermal variability (V) on demographic parameters were less drastic in flies from the F1, which exhibited higher net reproductive rates than their parents. These compensatory responses could not totally overcome the challenges of the thermally variable regime, contrasting with the offspring of flies raised in a constant temperature (C) that showed no reduction in fitness with thermal variation. Thus, the parental thermal environment had effects on thermal tolerance and demographic parameters in fruit fly. These results demonstrate how transgenerational effects of environmental conditions on heat tolerance, as well as their potential costs on other fitness components, can have a major impact on populations’ resilience to warming temperatures and more frequent thermal extremes
100 artigos que devem/podem ser lidos realmente por todos os ecólogos?
Get PDFReading scientific articles is fundamental for researchers, not only to keep pace with advances in their field, but also to know those giants on whose shoulders they are standing. In this sense, Courchamp and Bradshaw (2018) recently proposed a list of 100 seminal papers deemed to be of major importance in ecology, thus providing a general ‘must-read’ list for any new ecologist. The authors metaphorically speak of ecology as an ever-growing brick wall of published evidence. In order to quantify the degree of interference of the paywall over the wall of science, we took the opportunity given by the 100 seminal papers list and registered how many articles have been made universally and freely available by the publisher. Of the 100 scientific papers proposed as foundations of the wall of ecological knowledge, 66 are behind the paywall, with a total cost of US 1.560. Esse muro de pagamento exacerba as assimetrias existentes na pesquisa ecológica entre pesquisadores de países desenvolvidos e do sul global. A diversidade na pesquisa, como nos sistemas ecológicos, é uma fonte de robustez. A publicação de artigos de alta qualidade em periódicos regionais de livre acesso e revisados por pares é uma maneira viável de avaliar coletivamente a ecologia do sul global e ajudar a minimizar as assimetrias existentes.Palavras-chave: ecologia, acesso à informação, muro de pagamento, desigualdade
Insights for policy-based conservation strategies for the Rio de la Plata Grasslands through the IPBES framework
Get PDFThe Río de la Plata Grasslands (RPG) are one of the most modified biomes in the world. Changes in land use and cover affect the RPG’s rich biodiversity. In particular, the expansion of crops, overgrazing, afforestation, and the introduction of exotic species pose a major threat to the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES). In this study, we applied the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) conceptual framework as a new lens to approach biodiversity conservation enactments in the RPG. First, we systematically reviewed published scientific literature to identify direct and indirect drivers that affect the RPG’s BES. Further, we conducted an extensive analysis of management policies affecting the BES directly in the region, at a national and international level. We conclude by offering recommendations for policy and praxis under the umbrella of the IPBES framework
Rapid within‐ and transgenerational changes in thermal tolerance and fitness in variable thermal landscapes
No full textPhenotypic plasticity may increase the performance and fitness and allow organisms to cope with variable environmental conditions. We studied within-generation plasticity and transgenerational effects of thermal conditions on temperature tolerance and demographic parameters in Drosophila melanogaster. We employed a fully factorial design, in which both parental (P) and offspring generations (F1) were reared in a constant or a variable thermal environment. Thermal variability during ontogeny increased heat tolerance in P, but with demographic cost as this treatment resulted in substantially lower survival, fecundity, and net reproductive rate. The adverse effects of thermal variability (V) on demographic parameters were less drastic in flies from the F1, which exhibited higher net reproductive rates than their parents. These compensatory responses could not totally overcome the challenges of the thermally variable regime, contrasting with the offspring of flies raised in a constant temperature (C) that showed no reduction in fitness with thermal variation. Thus, the parental thermal environment had effects on thermal tolerance and demographic parameters in fruit fly. These results demonstrate how transgenerational effects of environmental conditions on heat tolerance, as well as their potential costs on other fitness components, can have a major impact on populations’ resilience to warming temperatures and more frequent thermal extremes
