Perspectives on State violence: A comparative analysis of Portugal and the USA

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Anaerobic critical velocity of master swimmers

Based on the concept of critical velocity (CV), a new trend has been suggested with the aim to determine anaerobic performances. Using short distances trials, the concept of anaerobic critical velocity (AnCV) seems to represent the functional anaerobic capacity of swimmers. Marinho et al. (2011) found a linear relationship between AnCV and 50 m swimming performance (S50) in young swimmers, suggesting that AnCV could be a relevant parameter to monitor and prescribe anaerobic training sets. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between AnCV and swimming performance in master swimmers. Also, ascertain if AnCV may be determined based in two or three swimming distances, 15, 25 and 50 m (T15, T25 and T50, respectively).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mycobiota and mycotoxins present in finished fish feeds from farms in the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

The aim of the present study was to determine species of the fungal genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium and fumonisin B1 (FB1), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination from feed intended for fish farms. A total of 60 samples were sampled from tilapia farms in the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The quantitative enumeration of fungi as colony-forming units per gram of feed (CFU/g) was performed using the surface spread method in different culture media. The results were expressed as fungal isolation frequency and relative density. Fungal total counts ranged from <1 × 102 to 4.7 × 104 CFU/g. Fusarium counts were not observed. Among toxigenic genera, Aspergillus (68%) was the most prevalent, followed by Penicillium species (60%). Aspergillus niger aggregate (36%), Aspergillus flavus (35%), and Penicillium citrinum (71%) were the most prevalent species. A high percentage of samples (98%) were contaminated with FB1 levels, while 55% and 3.3% were contaminated with AFB1 and OTA, respectively. The simultaneous occurrence of these mycotoxins emphasizes the need for further research in the area to better assess the risk to the health of fish farms and their implications for the health of consumers of this meat.Fil: Barbosa, Tatiana S.. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro ; BrasilFil: Pereyra, Carina Maricel. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Soleiro, Carla A.. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro ; Brasil. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimiento Científico y Tecnológico; BrasilFil: Dias, Erica O.. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro ; BrasilFil: Oliveira, Aguida A.. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro ; Brasil. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimiento Científico y Tecnológico; BrasilFil: Keller, Kelly M.. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro ; Brasil. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimiento Científico y Tecnológico; BrasilFil: Silva, Pedro P. O.. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Cavaglieri, Lilia Reneé. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rosa, Carlos Alberto da Rocha. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro ; Brasil. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimiento Científico y Tecnológico; Brasi

Factors that contribute to prolonged length of stay in the hospital environment

Objective: To identify the factors that contribute to the increase of hospitalization time in the hospital environment. Methods: A prospective study was carried out with patients admitted to the male and female surgical clinics of a philanthropic hospital in Montes Claros (MG) during the month of November 2011. The study included patients who extrapolated hospital stay beyond the number of days authorized by the Unified Health System. The data came from the medical records of hospitalized patients. Results: The reasons for extrapolated permanence were varied. The most frequent were delays or cancellations of surgical procedures, clinical destabilization, waiting for stabilization of the clinical picture and patients in antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: The mentioned factors contribute to increase the average permanence, increasing the hospital cost and decreasing the rotation of the beds, pointing out the necessity of complex measures to control these factors

Electronic patient-reported outcomes in hidradenitis suppurativa: content validity and usability of the electronic hidradenitis suppurativa symptom daily diary, hidradenitis suppurativa symptom questionnaire and hidradenitis suppurativa quality of life questionnaire

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), a chronic skin condition that causes pain and physical dysfunction, can impact significantly on quality of life. Disease‑specific tools have been designed to assess the patient impact of HS, including the HS Symptom Daily Diary (HSSDD), the HS Symptom Questionnaire (HSSQ) and the HS Quality of Life (HiSQOL©) questionnaire, which have been developed into electronic instruments (eHSSDD, eHSSQ and eHiSQOL©). Objectives: To establish the content validity of the electronic version of the HSSDD and HSSQ, and the acceptability and usability of the HSSDD, HSSQ and HiSQOL© using concept elicitation and cognitive debriefing interviews. Methods: This was a non‑interventional qualitative video interview study involving participants aged ≥18 years with moderate to severe HS recruited from a single clinical site in the USA. Interviews gathered feedback on participants’ symptom experience, followed by training and completion of the eHSSDD, eHSSQ, and eHiSQOL© questionnaires on electronic hand-held devices. Participants were then interviewed on the content of the eHSSDD and eHSSQ, and the acceptability and usability of all three instruments. Interviews were transcribed and qualitatively analysed. Results: Twenty participants with moderate to severe HS (median age: 41.5 [range: 20.0–64.0]; n=16/20 female) were included. All participants found the eHSSDD, eHSSQ and eHiSQOL© instructions clear, and described the instruments as ‘easy’, ’simple’ and ’self-explanatory’. Overall understanding of individual items within the eHSSDD and eHSSQ was high; however, 6/20 participants had difficulty in understanding the ‘average skin pain’ item in the eHSSDD. All participants were able to accurately recall their symptoms within the recall periods of the eHSSDD and eHSSQ, although 4/20 participants found the 24-hour recall period of the eHSSDD limiting. Completion time was quick across all instruments and usability was high, with the majority of participants reporting no difficulty in completing questionnaires on electronic devices. Conclusion: The concepts covered in the eHSSDD and eHSSQ are relevant and important to patients, supporting their content validity. The findings also provide evidence of acceptability and usability of the eHSSDD, eHSSQ, and eHiSQOL©. A limitation was that all participants were recruited from a single site, which may have introduced selection bias and thus limit the generalisability of results

A escola e o abuso sexual infantil: uma análise acerca do papel e da responsabilidade jurídica e social da escola e do educador: School and child sexual abuse: an analysis on the role and legal and social responsibility of the school and the educator

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir aspectos relacionados ao abuso sexual infantil e seus efeitos no desenvolvimento escolar de crianças, refletindo sobre o papel e a responsabilidade da escola e do educador neste processo. Como ferramenta metodológica, este trabalho se compôs do resultado de pesquisas bibliográficas, bem como da legislação brasileira vigente e relacionada ao tema. Os resultados demostram que na maioria dos casos, o abuso é cometido no próprio lar, geralmente por algum adulto da família ou próximo a ela. Identificá-lo é o primeiro passo e as pessoas próximas às vítimas precisam estar atentas aos sinais e comportamentos que estas podem externalizar. A escola exerce papel preponderante neste processo de identificação e prevenção. No entanto, percebeu-se que a escola deixa de debater o assunto de maneira específica e pontual, chegando, muitas vezes, a falhar na busca e no desenvolvimento de estratégias para prevenção e proteção das crianças abusadas, principalmente as mais vulneráveis. No mais, foi identificada, ainda, a dificuldade dos professores em compreenderem o assunto e o desconhecimento das medidas e encaminhamentos corretos a serem tomados quando o abuso é denunciado ou descoberto no ambiente escolar. É imprescindível a conscientização sobre este tema, para que as crianças venham a ter o amparo necessário, tão logo quebrem o silêncio do abuso, de forma que as sequelas ao seu desenvolvimento sadio e sustentável possam ser minimizadas, possibilitando que a criança não carregue por toda a vida o peso deste ato tão lesivo

Adherence to non-pharmacological treatment for hypertension: impact of two educational strategies on health and nutrition / Adesão ao tratamento não medicamentoso da hipertensão arterial: impacto de duas estratégias de educação em saúde e nutrição

Objective: To compare the effect of two strategies of education in health and nutrition about adherence to non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension. Methods: a longitudinal intervention study, comparative test type community. The sample was composed of 84 individuals with hypertension, divided into two groups (group 1: educational workshops; Group 2: educational workshops and visits), accompanied by 5 consecutive months in 2016 in Viçosa, Brazil. Were evaluated anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and dietary requirements. For the analyzes were performed the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the Chi-square test, Wilcoxon test, paired t-test, Mann Whitney test. Results: group 2 presented more satisfactory results when compared to group 1. To analyze the results before and after the activities carried out independent of the types of intervention, of the 17 variables analyzed, 12 were statistically significant. Conclusion: The educational workshops and visits were essential for the improvement of the quality of life of patients with arterial hypertension. However, it reinforces that visits is a privileged locus for the practice of nutritional counseling, because it contributed to the change of behavior patterns and increase the quality of life of patients with arterial hypertension. 

BEM-ESTAR E SAÚDE MENTAL EM PRATICANTES DE YOGA

AIMS: To analyze Yoga as a technique with the purpose of improving the quality of life and mental health of its routine practitioners. MÉTHODS: An Integrative Literature Review was performed on the database PubMed, during July 2020, with the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms: “Yoga”, “Mental health” and “Quality of life” combined with the Boolean operator “AND”. RESULTS: Evidence reveals Yoga as adjunctive therapy to neuropsychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia, Burnout Syndrome in health professionals, depression, anxiety, HIV-related psychopathologies, rheumatoid diseases, climacteric disorders, paroxysmal fibrillation, and cancer, bringing improvement of mental health and quality of life for the adults and the elderly. CONCLUSION: Yoga is an important supportive tool in the treatment of various psychic, functional and hormonal disorders, carrying symptoms relieves, such as reduction of anxiety, improvement of concentration, decreased schizophrenia crashes, less frequent musculoskeletal pain, and less severe climacteric, what brings joy and better quality of life. Howsoever, further studies, such as controlled and randomized clinical trials, are necessary to deepen knowledge about the physiological repercussions of Yoga practice.Objetivo: Analisar o Yoga como uma técnica na melhora da qualidade de vida e saúde mental das pessoas que a praticam regularmente. Métodos: Foi realizada uma Revisão Integrativa de Literatura (RIL) na base de dados PubMed, durante o mês de Julho de 2020, utilizando os descritores: “Yoga”, “Mental Health” e “Quality of life” definidos pelos Descritores de Ciência da Saúde (DeCs) e separados pelo operador Booleano “AND”. Resultados: Evidências demonstram a utilidade do Yoga como terapia adjuvante a doenças neuropsiquiátricas, entre elas, o transtorno de esquizofrenia, Síndrome de Burnout em profissionais da saúde, depressão e ansiedade, psicopatologias relacionadas ao HIV, doenças reumatóides, transtornos do climatério, fibrilação paroxística, pacientes com câncer, trazendo melhoria da qualidade de vida de adultos e idosos pela promoção de melhorias na saúde mental. Conclusão: O Yoga é uma importante ferramenta coadjuvante no tratamento de diversas manifestações psíquicas, funcionais e hormonais, provocando uma melhoria de sintomas, como: redução da ansiedade, redução da frequência cardíaca, melhora da concentração, alívio de estresse, redução dos sintomas negativos da esquizofrenia, redução das dores osteomusculares e da gravidade do climatério, com isso gerando uma melhora no bem-estar e qualidade de vida de quem os pratica. Contudo, faz-se necessário maiores estudos, como ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados, a fim de aprofundar conhecimentos acerca das repercussões fisiológicas da prática de Yoga

Uso de Siparuna guianensis Aublet (negramina) em Bom Sucesso, município de Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso

Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo acerca da espécie medicinal Siparuna guianensis Aublet (negramina), na comunidade ribeirinha de Bom Sucesso, localizada no município de Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso. Foram feitas entrevistas semiestruturadas com questões fechadas e/ou abertas. Concluiu-se que a principal forma de preparo foi a decocção das folhas, utilizada na forma de banho tópico para alívio de sintomas da gripe, tais como febre e dores no corpo, e verificou-se que esteconhecimento não está sendo repassado às novas gerações do local