Kinetics of hydroformylation of 1-octene in ionic liquid-organic biphasic media using rhodium sulfoxantphos catalyst

Biphasic hydroformylation of 1-octene was performed using rhodium sulfoxantphos catalyst dissolved in [BuPy][BF4] ionic liquid. Preliminary experiments proved this system to retain the catalytic complex within the ionic liquid phase and to maintain a high selectivity towards the linear aldehyde (n:iso ratio of 30) over several cycles. Process parameter investigation showed a first order dependence of the initial rate with respect to the catalyst and 1-octene concentrations, but a more complex behavior with respect to hydrogen (fractional order) and carbon monoxide partial pressures (inhibition at high pressures). Different mathematical models were selected based on the trends observed and evaluated for data fitting. Also, rate models were derived from a proposed mechanism, using Christiansen matrix approach. To calculate concentrations of substrates in the catalytic phase as required by this kinetic modeling, solubility measurements were preformed for the gases (pressure drop technique), as well as for 1-octene and n-nonanal (thermogravimetry analysis)

Pet pogledov na Yang Zhuja preden je postal filozof

This paper traces the consecutive emergence of five important portrayals of Yang Zhu before he became a philosopher in the Republic. In the late Zhou, he was portrayed as a rival in debate and a defender of physical or personal integrity. From the Han onward, he became part of a rhetorical trope based on Mencius’ portrayal. In the Wei Jin he was a prominent figure in his own right. The fourth portrayal, from the Song onward, contained reflections on his thought in the shadow of Mozi and Confucian orthodoxy. Finally, in the late Qing, Kang Youwei presented him as a minor political reformer responding to Confucius’ reform plans. These layers contributed in various ways to the nowadays almost exclusive presentation of Yang Zhu as a philosopher, a defender of social tolerance, autonomy, or individual freedom. The rich variety of the portrayals has too often been sacrificed for this relatively homogeneous portrayal.Članek sledi nastanku petih zaporednih pomembnih upodobitev Yang Zhuja, preden je v času republike postal filozof. V poznem obdobju dinastije Zhou so ga v razpravi upodabljali kot nasprotnika ter zaščitnika telesne in osebne integritete. Od dinastije Han naprej je postal del retorične figure, utemeljene na Mencijevi upodobitvi. V času dinastij Wei in Jin je veljal za pomembno zgodovinsko osebnost. Četrta upodobitev, od dinastije Song naprej, je vsebovala razmisleke o njegovi misli v senci Mozija in konfucijanske ortodoksije. Končno ga je ob koncu dinastije Qing Kang Youwei opredelil kot manj pomembnega političnega reformatorja, ki se je odzval na Konfucijeve reformne načrte. Vse te plasti so na različne načine prispevale k danes tako rekoč ekskluzivni predstavitvi Yang Zhuja kot filozofa, zagovornika družbene strpnosti, avtonomije in osebnih svoboščin. Bogata raznolikost upodobitev je bila prepogosto žrtev te, razmeroma homogene upodobitve

Patterns of genetic diversity in three plant lineages endemic to the Cape Verde Islands

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The file attached is the published version of the article

A new species of Pericallis (Senecioneae, Asteraceae) endemic to Porto Santo (Madeira, Portugal)

A new species, Pericallis menezesii, is described from the island of Porto Santo in the Madeiran archipelago. Morphological comparisons are made with its sister taxon, P. aurita which is now considered to be endemic to the island of Madeira.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Gesture Facilitates Children’s Creative Thinking

Gestures help people think and can help offer new ideas to problem solvers. We conducted two experiments exploring the self-oriented function of gesture in a novel domain; creative thinking. In Experiment 1 we explored the relationship between children’s spontaneous gesture production and their ability to generate novel uses for everyday items (Alternative Uses Task). There was a significant correlation between children’s creative fluency and their gesture production, with the majority of children’s gestures depicting an action upon the target object. Restricting children from gesturing did not significantly reduce their fluency. In Experiment 2 we encouraged children to gesture and this significantly boosted their creative idea generation. These findings demonstrate that gestures serve an important self-oriented function and can assist creative thinking