Polimorfismos genéticos de aislamientos del género Malassezia obtenidos en Colombia de pacientes con lesión dermatológica y sin ella.

Introduction. Malassezia spp. yeasts are opportunistic and newly emergent diseases. One or more species have been isolated in association with dermatological pathology and systemic disease. Their pathological role has not been fully elucidated since Malassezia spp. are common in normal skin flora.Objective. In the current study, a search was undertaken for genetic markers in the Malassezia spp. isolates that correlate with each type of dermatologic lesion.Materials And Methods. A total of 103 strains of Malassezia spp were isolated from patients with pytiriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis HIV (+), and atopic dermatitis, as well as from healthy individuals. Eight isolates from CBS Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (Netherlands) were used as controls. Fingerprinting was done using random amplification of polymorphic DNA technique (RAPD) with three primers (OPA2, OPA4, OPA13). The data were analyzed with Diversity Database and SYN-TAX-PC programs.Results. Intraspecies genetic heterogeneity in M. furfur, M. globosa, M. restricta, M. slooffiae, M. obtusa was observed, whereas M. sympodialis showed the greatest homogeneity.Conclusion. The dermatological disease caused by these different species was not associated with distinctive RAPD fingerprints.Introducción. Las especies del género Malassezia se consideran levaduras oportunistas emergentes de gran importancia. Han sido asociadas a diferentes patologías dermatológicas y sistémicas de las cuales se aislan una o más especies de este género. El papel de estas levaduras en las enfermedades dermatológicas no se ha aclarado completamente, ya que la Malassezia spp. pertenece a la flora normal de la piel. Objetivo. Buscar marcadores genéticos en los aislamientos de Malassezia spp. que permitan correlacionar las lesiones dermatológicas con las especies aisladas. Materiales y métodos. Se obtuvieron 103 aislamientos de Malassezia spp. a partir de muestras de pacientes con pitiriasis versicolor, dermatitis seborreica, dermatitis seborreica en pacientes positivos para VIH, dermatitis atópica, y de individuos sanos. Para los controles se usaron ocho cepas del Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS), Holanda. El perfil genético se realizó utilizando la técnica de ADN polimórfico amplificado aleatorio (RAPD) con tres iniciadores (OPA2, OPA4, OPA13). Los datos obtenidos se analizaron con los programas Diversity Database y SYN-TAX-PC. Resultados. Se observó heterogeneidad genética intraespecífica en Malassezia furfur, Malassezia globosa, Malassezia restricta, Malassezia slooffiae y Malassezia obtusa, mientras que Malassezia sympodialis mostró mayor homogeneidad. Conclusión. No se determinó ningún patrón genético específico mediante la técnica de RAPD para las especies de Malassezia que se pudiera relacionar con la entidad dermatológica implicada

Changes in Treatment Patterns and Costs for Lung Cancer Have Not Resulted in Relevant Improvements in Survival : A Population-Based Observational Study in Catalonia

Real-world data collect clinical and economic information from daily clinical practice and can support decisions in the context of health evaluation and management. The aim of our retrospective cohort study was to describe the different approaches used for treating lung cancer in Catalonia in 2014 and 2018 and to assess the associated cost and impact on patient survival until December 2021. Treatment patterns for lung cancer changed in younger patients, and all costs of treatment increased significantly. These changes, mainly related to the use of several novel drugs, such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy, were not associated with an increase in the overall patient survival in the period of time under evaluation. Objective: Few published studies have described multidisciplinary therapeutic strategies for lung cancer. This study aims to describe the different approaches used for treating lung cancer in Catalonia in 2014 and 2018 and to assess the associated cost and impact on patient survival. A retrospective observational cohort study using data of patients with lung cancer from health care registries in Catalonia was carried out. We analyzed change in treatment patterns, costs and survival according to the year of treatment initiation (2014 vs. 2018). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival, with the follow-up until 2021. From 2014 to 2018, the proportion of patients undergoing surgery increased and treatments for unresectable tumors decreased, mainly in younger patients. Immunotherapy increased by up to 9% by 2018. No differences in patient survival were observed within treatment patterns. The mean cost per patient in the first year of treatment increased from EUR 14,123 (standard deviation [SD] 4327) to EUR 14,550 (SD 3880) in surgical patients, from EUR 4655 (SD 3540) to EUR 5873 (SD 6455) in patients receiving curative radiotherapy and from EUR 4723 (SD 7003) to EUR 6458 (SD 10,116) in those treated for unresectable disease. From 2014 to 2018, surgical approaches increased in younger patients. The mean cost of treating patients increased, especially in pharmaceutical expenditure, mainly related to the use of several biomarker-targeted treatments. While no differences in overall patient survival were observed, it seems reasonable to expect improvements in this outcome in upcoming years as more patients receive innovative treatments

Motivación y orientación profesional en la especialidad de enfermería. Esencial en la humanización de los recursos. Professional Motivation and Orientation in the Nursing Specialty. Essential in the Humanization of Resources

La motivación profesional se considera resultado de esfuerzos motivacionales inconscientes y está predeterminada desde la primera infancia por el mecanismo de la identificación. El diseño utilizado en la siguiente investigación es de tipo descriptivo-retrospectivo, con el fin de determinar la relación entre la motivación por la especialidad de Enfermería, orientación profesional, retención y promoción en los estudiantes de 2do. Año  de Enfermería del curso de superación para jóvenes, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 1er. Semestre, curso 2004-2005. El universo estuvo constituido por los 335 estudiantes del  nuevo modelo pedagógico de la especialidad de Enfermería, tomando como muestra los 105 estudiantes de esa especialidad a los cuales se les aplicó una encuesta. Concluyéndose que las vías de ingreso del nuevo modelo Pedagógico por las que ingresaron mayor número de estudiantes a la especialidad de Enfermería fueron el Ministerio de Educación y el Curso de Superación Integral para Jóvenes. Se evidenció el gusto por la profesión. Existió relación entre el índice de retención y promoción, los cuales  se valoran de aceptables a pesar de no estar instrumentado el programa de orientación profesional y formación vocacional en los cursos de superación integral. La motivación por la especialidad de Enfermería influyó positivamente en los resultados académicos. Se recomendó desarrollar un programa de orientación profesional dirigido a cursos de Superación Integral, así como desarrollar por los profesores tutores un programa de reafirmación vocacional para aplicar a la especialidad de Enfermería. Palabras clave: MOTIVACIÓN. ABSTRACT The professional motivation is considered a result of unconscious motivational efforts, and is predetermined since early childhood by the mechanism of identification. The professional motivation is believed to be an invariable formation of the personality, therefore it is, as J. Ken states, about choosing the most suitable people for a certain profession, taking into account people's individual traits. The design used in the following research is descriptive-retrospective type, aimed at knowing the relation between motivation for the Nursing Specialty, professional orientation, retention and promotion in second year Nursing students CSIPJ Medical School, 1st. Semester, course 2004-2005. The universe consisted of 335 students on the pedagogical new-model course of the Nursing Specialty who were surveyed. MINED and CSIPJ represented the highest percentage of Nursing students' insertion into the new pedagogical model. The students' liking the profession was evident. There was relation between the retention and promotion rates, which are considered acceptable in spite of the program of professional orientation and vocational formation in the course of comprehensive self-improvement, not having the tools. The motivation for the Nursing Specialty positively influenced the academic results. It was recommended to develop a program of professional orientation addressed to courses on comprehensive Self-Improvement, as wel as developing, by tutor professors, a program of vocational reaffirmation to be applied to Nursing Specialty. Key words: MOTIVATIO

Morbilidad por IMA en pacientes mayores de 60 años. Unidad de cuidados intensivos coronarios. Año 2004. Morbidity in Acute Myocardial Infarction in patients older than 60 years. Coronary Intensive Care Units- 2004

El Infarto Miocardio Agudo (IMA), se ha mantenido año tras año en la cumbre de las causas de muerte de los países desarrollados y en vías de desarrollo, por lo anterior expuesto nos motivamos a realizar este trabajo para valorar la morbilidad por IMA en pacientes mayores de 60 años en la Unidad de Cuidados Coronarios del Hospital Abel Santamaría en el año 2004. Para ello de un universo de 347 pacientes se tomó una muestra de 219 y se revisaron las historias clínicas donde las principales variables a medir fueron edad, sexo, cara del corazón afectada y las complicaciones más frecuentes, utilizando el método porcentual aritmético, concluyendo que la edad más frecuente osciló entre 60 y 65 años de edad, la cara del corazón afectada fue la anterior, el sexo el masculino y las complicaciones eléctricas fueron las más frecuentes. Palabras clave: INFARTO AGUDO DEL MIOCARDIO, MORBILIDAD ABSTRACT Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has maintained the pinnacle of the causes of death in developed and developing countries year after year, this was the motivation to conduct this research paper that was aimed at assessing the morbidity due to AMI in patients older than 60 years old in the Coronary Intensive Care Unit at “Abel Santamaria Cuadrado” University Hospital in 2004. The target group was comprised of 347 patients and the sample 219, clinical histories were examined and the main variables analyzed were age, sex, most affected face of the heart and frequent complications using arithmetic percentage methods. Conclusion: Ages most affected oscillated between 60 and 65, the affected face of the heart was the anterior, male sex prevailed and electric complications were the most frequent. Key words: Acute myocardial infarction/morbidit

Motivación y orientación profesional en la especialidad de enfermería. Esencial en la humanización de los recursos. Professional Motivation and Orientation in the Nursing Specialty. Essential in the Humanization of Resources

La motivación profesional se considera resultado de esfuerzos motivacionales inconscientes y está predeterminada desde la primera infancia por el mecanismo de la identificación. El diseño utilizado en la siguiente investigación es de tipo descriptivo-retrospectivo, con el fin de determinar la relación entre la motivación por la especialidad de Enfermería, orientación profesional, retención y promoción en los estudiantes de 2do. Año  de Enfermería del curso de superación para jóvenes, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, 1er. Semestre, curso 2004-2005. El universo estuvo constituido por los 335 estudiantes del  nuevo modelo pedagógico de la especialidad de Enfermería, tomando como muestra los 105 estudiantes de esa especialidad a los cuales se les aplicó una encuesta. Concluyéndose que las vías de ingreso del nuevo modelo Pedagógico por las que ingresaron mayor número de estudiantes a la especialidad de Enfermería fueron el Ministerio de Educación y el Curso de Superación Integral para Jóvenes. Se evidenció el gusto por la profesión. Existió relación entre el índice de retención y promoción, los cuales  se valoran de aceptables a pesar de no estar instrumentado el programa de orientación profesional y formación vocacional en los cursos de superación integral. La motivación por la especialidad de Enfermería influyó positivamente en los resultados académicos. Se recomendó desarrollar un programa de orientación profesional dirigido a cursos de Superación Integral, así como desarrollar por los profesores tutores un programa de reafirmación vocacional para aplicar a la especialidad de Enfermería. Palabras clave: MOTIVACIÓN. ABSTRACT The professional motivation is considered a result of unconscious motivational efforts, and is predetermined since early childhood by the mechanism of identification. The professional motivation is believed to be an invariable formation of the personality, therefore it is, as J. Ken states, about choosing the most suitable people for a certain profession, taking into account people's individual traits. The design used in the following research is descriptive-retrospective type, aimed at knowing the relation between motivation for the Nursing Specialty, professional orientation, retention and promotion in second year Nursing students CSIPJ Medical School, 1st. Semester, course 2004-2005. The universe consisted of 335 students on the pedagogical new-model course of the Nursing Specialty who were surveyed. MINED and CSIPJ represented the highest percentage of Nursing students' insertion into the new pedagogical model. The students' liking the profession was evident. There was relation between the retention and promotion rates, which are considered acceptable in spite of the program of professional orientation and vocational formation in the course of comprehensive self-improvement, not having the tools. The motivation for the Nursing Specialty positively influenced the academic results. It was recommended to develop a program of professional orientation addressed to courses on comprehensive Self-Improvement, as wel as developing, by tutor professors, a program of vocational reaffirmation to be applied to Nursing Specialty. Key words: MOTIVATIO

Morbilidad por IMA en pacientes mayores de 60 años. Unidad de cuidados intensivos coronarios. Año 2004. Morbidity in Acute Myocardial Infarction in patients older than 60 years. Coronary Intensive Care Units- 2004

El Infarto Miocardio Agudo (IMA), se ha mantenido año tras año en la cumbre de las causas de muerte de los países desarrollados y en vías de desarrollo, por lo anterior expuesto nos motivamos a realizar este trabajo para valorar la morbilidad por IMA en pacientes mayores de 60 años en la Unidad de Cuidados Coronarios del Hospital Abel Santamaría en el año 2004. Para ello de un universo de 347 pacientes se tomó una muestra de 219 y se revisaron las historias clínicas donde las principales variables a medir fueron edad, sexo, cara del corazón afectada y las complicaciones más frecuentes, utilizando el método porcentual aritmético, concluyendo que la edad más frecuente osciló entre 60 y 65 años de edad, la cara del corazón afectada fue la anterior, el sexo el masculino y las complicaciones eléctricas fueron las más frecuentes. Palabras clave: INFARTO AGUDO DEL MIOCARDIO, MORBILIDAD ABSTRACT Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has maintained the pinnacle of the causes of death in developed and developing countries year after year, this was the motivation to conduct this research paper that was aimed at assessing the morbidity due to AMI in patients older than 60 years old in the Coronary Intensive Care Unit at “Abel Santamaria Cuadrado” University Hospital in 2004. The target group was comprised of 347 patients and the sample 219, clinical histories were examined and the main variables analyzed were age, sex, most affected face of the heart and frequent complications using arithmetic percentage methods. Conclusion: Ages most affected oscillated between 60 and 65, the affected face of the heart was the anterior, male sex prevailed and electric complications were the most frequent. Key words: Acute myocardial infarction/morbidit

Dense nanostructured calcium phosphate coating on titanium by cold spray

This article deals with the understanding of building-up mechanisms of bioactive nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite coatings by Cold Spray, revealing very promising results in contrast to more conventional techniques such as Plasma Spray. A full characterization of feedstock and coatings is provided. The agglomerated structure of the powder proved to be suitable to obtain successfully thick hydroxyapatite coatings. A crystallite size below similar to 20 nm in the powder and the as-sprayed coatings is calculated by the Rietveld X-ray refinement method and agreed by Transmission Electron Microscopy. Some wipe tests were carried out on Ti6Al4V substrates in order to study the deposition of single particles and the nanoscale features were evaluated. The resulting structure indicates that there is no delimitation of particle boundaries and the overall coating has been formed by effective compaction of the original nanocrystallites, leading to consistent and consolidated layers

Caracterización de estudiantes desde sus potencialidades y talentos académicos en la región de Antofagasta, Chile

Universitas Psychologica, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1327-1340.La coyuntura actual de políticas educativas de cobertura, calidad, equidad y diversidad imponen desafíos a los establecimientos educacionales, especialmente a los municipales, los cuales deben desarrollar estrategias orientadas a satisfacer las necesidades de los estudiantes que se encuentran en sus aulas, capitalizando sus fortalezas. Esta investigación es de naturaleza exploratoria con una metodología mixta explicativa. Se presentan los resultados de la primera fase del estudio que corresponde al análisis de proyectos educativos y a la caracterización de estudiantes sobresalientes. Se analizaron los resultados obtenidos de 1.536 estudiantes provenientes de 18 establecimientos educacionales de las comunas de Antofagasta y Calama (Chile). A partir del análisis y de acuerdo a indicadores de talento académico, la muestra fue caracterizada en cuatro grupos de estudiantes: estudiantes sobresalientes, sub-nominados, sobre-exigidos y promedio. La categoría de estudiantes subnominados plantea cuestionamientos referentes a la metodología de identificación de estudiantes con talento en los programas chilenos, fuertemente cimentada en la nominación docente. Se advierte la necesidad de generar rutas alternativas, como la autonominación. Para concluir, se hacen algunas sugerencias alrededor de las políticas públicas en relación con la educación para estudiantes sobresalientes en particular para Chile, pero pueden ser en buena medida transferidas a otros casos a través de Iberoamérica

Statin use and the risk of colorectal cancer in a population-based electronic health records study

There is extensive debate regarding the protective effect of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) on colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to assess the association between CRC risk and exposure to statins using a large cohort with prescription data. We carried out a case-control study in Catalonia using the System for Development of Primary Care Research (SIDIAP) database that recorded patient diseases history and linked data on reimbursed medication. The study included 25 811 cases with an incident diagnosis of CRC between 2010 and 2015 and 129 117 frequency-matched controls. Subjects were classified as exposed to statins if they had ever been dispensed statins. Analysis considering mean daily defined dose, cumulative duration and type of statin were performed. Overall, 66 372 subjects (43%) were exposed to statins. There was no significant decrease of CRC risk associated to any statin exposure (OR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.95-1.01). Only in the stratified analysis by location a reduction of risk for rectal cancer was observed associated to statin exposure (OR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81-0.92). This study does not support an overall protective effect of statins in CRC, but a protective association with rectal cancer merits further research

Metabolomic profile of cancer stem cell-derived exosomes from patients with malignant melanoma

Malignant melanoma (MM) is the most aggressive and life-threatening form of skin cancer. It is characterized by an extraordinary metastasis capacity and chemotherapy resistance, mainly due to melanoma cancer stem cells (CSCs). To date, there are no suitable clinical diagnostic, prognostic or predictive biomarkers for this neoplasia. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new MM biomarkers that enable early diagnosis and effective disease monitoring. Exosomes represent a novel source of biomarkers since they can be easily isolated from different body fluids. In this work, a primary patient-derived MM cell line enriched in CSCs was characterized by assessing the expression of specific markers and their stem-like properties. Exosomes derived from CSCs and serums from patients with MM were characterized, and their metabolomic profile was analysed by highresolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) following an untargeted approach and applying univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. The aim of this study was to search potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of this disease. Our results showed significant metabolomic differences in exosomes derived from MM CSCs compared with those from differentiated tumour cells and also in serum-derived exosomes from patients with MM compared to those from healthy controls. Interestingly, we identified similarities between structural lipids differentially expressed in CSC-derived exosomes and those derived from patients with MM such as the glycerophosphocholine PC 16:0/0:0. To our knowledge, this is the first metabolomic-based study aimed at characterizing exosomes derived from melanoma CSCs and patients’ serum in order to identify potential biomarkers for MM diagnosis. We conclude that metabolomic characterization of CSC-derived exosomes sets an open door to the discovery of clinically useful biomarkers in this neoplasia.MICIU FPU15/03682 FPU15/02350Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU) MAT2015-62644.C2.2.R RTI2018-101309-BC2Instituto de Salud Carlos III PIE16-00045Junta de Andalucía SOMM17/6109/UGR (UCE-PP2017-3)European Union (EU) SOMM17/6109/UGR (UCE-PP2017-3)Chair 'Doctors Galera-Requena in cancer stem cell research' CMC-CTS963Fundación MEDIN