NT 502 Comprehensive Greek II

(1) David Alan Black, Learn to Read New Testament Greek (expanded edition; Nashville: Broadman & Holman, 1994). Learn. This is our primary text and must be studied with great care. (2) David Alan Black, It’s Still Greek to Me: An Easy-to-Understand Guide to Intermediate Greek (Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998). Still Greek. This is a supplemental text. You will find this book helpful when you are doing research for your Translation Notebook. (3) Barbara Aland, et al., eds. Novum Testamentum Graece (27th ed.; Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1993). NA27. (4) W. Bauer, F. W. Danker, W. F. Arndt, and F. W. Gingrich, eds. A Greek- English Lexicon of New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (3d ed.; Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2000. BDAG. (5) GreekFlash Pro 2 (Portland, Ore.: Paradigm Software Development, 1996-98). GFP. (6) Daniel B. Wallace, The Basics of Greek Syntax: An Intermediate Greek Grammar. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2000. Basics.https://place.asburyseminary.edu/syllabi/2420/thumbnail.jp

BS 400 Bible Survey

1. HarperCollins Study Bible (NRSV), Harper San Francisco, 1993 (Hard: ISBN 0060655801) or 1997 (Soft: ISBN 0060655275). 2. HarperCollins Concise Atlas of the Bible, edited by James B. Pritchard, 1997 (ISBN 0062514997).https://place.asburyseminary.edu/syllabi/2674/thumbnail.jp

BS 400 Bible Survey

1. HarperCollins Study Bible (NRSV), Harper San Francisco, 1993 (Hard: ISBN 0060655801) or 1997 (Soft: ISBN 0060655275). 2. HarperCollins Concise Atlas of the Bible, edited by James B. Pritchard, 1997 (ISBN 0062514997).https://place.asburyseminary.edu/syllabi/3697/thumbnail.jp

NT 501 Comprehensive Greek I

(1) David Alan Black, Learn to Read New Testament Greek (expanded edition; Nashville: Broadman & Holman, 1994). Learn. (2) David Alan Black, It’s Still Greek to Me: An Easy-to-Understand Guide to Intermediate Greek (Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998). Still Greek. (3) Barbara Aland, et al., eds. Novum Testamentum Graece (27th ed.; Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1993). NA27. (4) W. Bauer, F. W. Danker, W. F. Arndt, and F. W. Gingrich, eds. A Greek- English Lexicon of New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (3d ed.; Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2000. BDAG. (5) GreekFlash Pro 2 (Portland, Ore.: Paradigm Software Development, 1996-98). GFP.https://place.asburyseminary.edu/syllabi/2863/thumbnail.jp

“New” cyanobacterial blooms are not new: two centuries of lake production are related to ice cover and land use

Recent cyanobacterial blooms in otherwise unproductive lakes may be warning signs of impending eutrophication in lakes important for recreation and drinking water, but little is known of their historical precedence or mechanisms of regulation. Here, we examined long-term sedimentary records of both general and taxon-specific trophic proxies from seven lakes of varying productivity in the northeastern United States to investigate their relationship to historical in-lake, watershed, and climatic drivers of trophic status. Analysis of fossil pigments (carotenoids and chlorophylls) revealed variable patterns of past primary production across lakes over two centuries despite broadly similar changes in regional climate and land use. Sediment abundance of the cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia, a large, toxic, nitrogen-fixing taxon common in recent blooms in this region, revealed that this was not a new taxon in the phytoplankton communities but rather had been present for centuries. Histories of Gloeotrichia abundance differed strikingly across lakes and were not consistently associated with most other sediment proxies of trophic status. Changes in ice cover most often coincided with changes in fossil pigments, and changes in watershed land use were often related to changes in Gloeotrichia abundance, although no single climatic or land-use factor was associated with proxy changes across all seven lakes. The degree to which changes in lake sediment records co-occurred with changes in the timing of ice-out or agricultural land use was negatively correlated with the ratio of watershed area to lake area. Thus, both climate and land management appeared to play key roles in regulation of primary production in these lakes, although the manner in which these factors influenced lakes was mediated by catchment morphometry. Improved understanding of the past interactions between climate change, land use, landscape setting, and water quality underscores the complexity of mechanisms regulating lake and cyanobacterial production and highlights the necessity of considering these interactions—rather than searching for a singular mechanism—when evaluating the causes of ongoing changes in low-nutrient lakes

Interphase centrosome organization by the PLP-Cnn scaffold is required for centrosome function

Cnn and PLP directly interact at two defined sites to coordinate the cell cycle–dependent rearrangement and scaffolding activity of the centrosome to permit normal centrosome organization, cell division, and embryonic viability.Pericentriolar material (PCM) mediates the microtubule (MT) nucleation and anchoring activity of centrosomes. A scaffold organized by Centrosomin (Cnn) serves to ensure proper PCM architecture and functional changes in centrosome activity with each cell cycle. Here, we investigate the mechanisms that spatially restrict and temporally coordinate centrosome scaffold formation. Focusing on the mitotic-to-interphase transition in Drosophila melanogaster embryos, we show that the elaboration of the interphase Cnn scaffold defines a major structural rearrangement of the centrosome. We identify an unprecedented role for Pericentrin-like protein (PLP), which localizes to the tips of extended Cnn flares, to maintain robust interphase centrosome activity and promote the formation of interphase MT asters required for normal nuclear spacing, centrosome segregation, and compartmentalization of the syncytial embryo. Our data reveal that Cnn and PLP directly interact at two defined sites to coordinate the cell cycle–dependent rearrangement and scaffolding activity of the centrosome to permit normal centrosome organization, cell division, and embryonic viability

Dynamic fronto-amygdalar interactions underlying emotion-regulation deficits in women at higher weight

Objective: The regulation of negative emotions entails the modulation of subcortical regions, such as the amygdala, by prefrontal regions. There is preliminary evidence suggesting that individuals at higher weight may present with hypoactivity in prefrontal regulatory systems during emotional regulation, although the directionality of these pathways has not been tested. In this study, we compared fronto-amygdalar effective connectivity during cognitive reappraisal as a function of BMI in 48 adult women with obesity and 54 control participants. Methods: Dynamic causal modeling and parametric empirical Bayes were used to map effective connectivity between the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the amygdala. Results: Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale scores were higher in the obesity group compared with control participants (p < 0.001). A top-down cortical model best explained our functional magnetic resonance imaging data (posterior probability = 86%). Participants at higher BMI were less effective at inhibiting activity in the amygdala via the orbitofrontal cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex during reappraisal compared with those at lower BMI. In contrast, increased excitatory modulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-to-amygdalar connectivity was found in participants at lower BMI. Conclusions: These findings support a framework involving alterations in fronto-amygdalar connectivity contributing to difficulties in regulating negative affect in individuals at higher weight

A pooled analysis of 10 case–control studies of melanoma and oral contraceptive use

Data regarding the effects of oral contraceptive use on women's risk of melanoma have been difficult to resolve. We undertook a pooled analysis of all case–control studies of melanoma in women completed as of July 1994 for which electronic data were available on oral contraceptive use along with other melanoma risk factors such as hair colour, sun sensitivity, family history of melanoma and sun exposure. Using the original data from each investigation (a total of 2391 cases and 3199 controls), we combined the study-specific odds ratios and standard errors to obtain a pooled estimate that incorporates inter-study heterogeneity. Overall, we observed no excess risk associated with oral contraceptive use for 1 year or longer compared to never use or use for less than 1 year (pooled odds ratio (pOR)=0.86; 95% CI=0.74–1.01), and there was no evidence of heterogeneity between studies. We found no relation between melanoma incidence and duration of oral contraceptive use, age began, year of use, years since first use or last use, or specifically current oral contraceptive use. In aggregate, our findings do not suggest a major role of oral contraceptive use on women's risk of melanoma

Loss of PTEN expression is associated with IGFBP2 expression, younger age, and late stage in triple-negative breast cancer

© American Society for Clinical Pathology. Objectives: To investigate the association between PTEN loss and IGFBP2 expression in a series of triple-negative breast cancers and to relate this expression to basal cytokeratin expression and clinicopathologic features. Methods: One hundred and one formalin-fixed and paraffin-processed triple-negative breast cancer cases from the University of Malaya Medical Centre were tested immunohistochemically for cytokeratins 5/6 and 14, PTEN, and IGFBP2. The resulting slides were scored for proportion and intensity of staining. Results: Loss of tumor nuclear and cytoplasmic staining for PTEN occurred in 48.3% of cases and was significantly associated with younger age at diagnosis (47 years compared with 57 years in those without PTEN loss; P = .005). Independent predictors of PTEN loss were late stage at presentation ( P = .026), cytokeratin 5/6 positivity ( P = .028), and IGFBP2 expression ( P = .042). High levels of IGFBP2 expression were seen in 32% of cases; an independent predictor of high levels was cytokeratin 14 negativity ( P = .005). PTEN loss and high levels of IGFBP2 expression were associated with poorer survival, but neither of these trends was significant. Conclusions: PTEN loss is a frequent event in triple-negative breast cancers and is significantly associated with younger age at onset of breast cancer, late stage, and IGFBP2 expression