Chorea: A Journey through History

The original descriptions of chorea date from the Middle Ages, when an epidemic of “dancing mania” swept throughout Europe. The condition was initially considered a curse sent by a saint, but was named “Saint Vitus’s dance” because afflicted individuals were cured if they touched churches storing Saint Vitus’s relics. Paracelsus coined the term chorea Sancti Viti and recognized different forms of chorea (imaginativa, lasciva, and naturalis). In the 17th century, Thomas Sydenham provided an accurate description of what he termed chorea minor. He also described rheumatic fever but did not associate it with chorea. It was only in 1850 that See established a relationship between chorea and rheumatic disease. A connection with cardiac involvement was soon recognized and in 1866 Roger postulated that chorea, arthritis, and heart disease had a common cause. The last quarter of the 19th century is marked by the works of Jean‐Martin Charcot, Silas Weir Mitchell, William Osler, and William Richard Gowers, all of paramount importance in the refinement of the definition of chorea, its causes, and differential diagnosis. In 1841, Charles Oscar Waters gave a concise account of a syndrome, likely to be Huntington’s disease (HD), later described further by George Huntington and named after him. In 1955, the Venezuelan physician Americo Negrette published a book describing communities in the State of Zulia in Venezuela, with unusual numbers of individuals with chorea. Negrette’s works culminated in the creation of the Venezuela project and the subsequent discovery of seminal findings in HD. We review the historical facts and outstanding physicians that mark both HD and Sydenham’s chorea’s history in various sections

Black hole binaries: ergoregions, photon surfaces, wave scattering, and quasinormal modes

Closed photon orbits around isolated black holes are related to important aspects of black hole physics, such as strong lensing, absorption cross section of null particles and the way that black holes relax through quasinormal ringing. When two black holes are present -- such as during the inspiral and merger events of interest for gravitational-wave detectors -- the concept of closed photon orbits still exists, but its properties are basically unknown. With these applications in mind, we study here the closed photon orbits of two different static black hole binaries. The first one is the Majumdar-Papapetrou geometry describing two extremal, charged black holes in equilibrium, while the second one is the double sink solution of fluid dynamics, which describes (in a curved-spacetime language) two "dumb" holes. For the latter solution, we also characterize its dynamical response to external perturbations, and study how it relates to the photon orbits. In addition, we compute the ergoregion of such spacetime and show that it does not coincide with the event horizon.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures. v3: minor edits, to appear in Physical Review

Meta-história para robôs (bots): o conhecimento histórico na era da inteligência ar tificial

This text offers a theoretical reflection on the effects of the artificial intelligence and digital era on the historian’s métier. It is based on a set of experiments involved in the development of a cybernetic historian, dealing with hypotheses such as (ro)bots creating historical narratives and mastering methods of both quantitative and qualitative analysis, as well as suggesting research problems. In other to do so, we present our own technology, in progress of development, and we problematize the steps to create a historian “bot”. The term robot is understood as a computer program executing tasks on a largely automated basis, without any relationship with a human user. In turn, tasks are complemented by an artificial intelligence system. This emergent reality raises an urgent debate on ethical issues, such as transparency and digital ethics, and it may also be useful to problematize the future of the historical profession in the contemporary world12291752COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESSem informaçãoEsse texto oferece uma reflexão teórica sobre os efeitos da inteligência artificial e do universo digital no ofício do historiador. A reflexão é baseada em um conjunto de experimentos relacionados com o desenvolvimento de um “historiador cibernético”, lidando com hipóteses tais como, robôs criando narrativas históricas e dominando métodos de análise qualitativa e quantitativa. Para isso, apresentamos nossa tecnologia própria em fase de desenvolvimento, problematizando as etapas para a criação de um "robô” historiador. O termo “robô" (ou “bot”) é entendido como um programa computacional que executa tarefas de forma quase inteiramente autônoma, sem qualquer relação com o usuário humano. Por sua vez, estas tarefas são complementadas por um sistema de inteligência artificial. Essa realidade emergente nos projeto em questões urgentes sobre transparência e ética no mundo digital, e pode ser uma poderosa ferramenta para problematizar o futuro da história no mundo contemporâne

Resumen multidocumento utilizando teorías semántico-discursivas

El resumen automático tiene por objetivo reducir el tamaño de los textos, preservando el contenido más importante. En este trabajo, proponemos algunos métodos de resumen basados en dos teorías semántico-discursivas: Teoría de la Estructura Retórica (Rhetorical Structure Theory, RST) y Teoría de la Estructura Inter-Documento (Cross-document Structure Theory, CST). Han sido elegidas ambas teorías con el fin de abordar de un modo más relevante de un texto, los fenómenos relacionales de inter-documentos y la distribución de subtopicos en los textos. Los resultados muestran que el uso de informaciones semánticas y discursivas para la selección de contenidos mejora la capacidad informativa de los resúmenes automáticos.Automatic multi-document summarization aims at reducing the size of texts while preserving the important content. In this paper, we propose some methods for automatic summarization based on two semantic discourse models: Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) and Cross-document Structure Theory (CST). These models are chosen in order to properly address the relevance of information, multi-document phenomena and subtopical distribution in the source texts. The results show that using semantic discourse knowledge for content selection improve the informativeness of automatic summaries

ROLE DES DYNAMIQUES SPATIO-TEMPORELLES DANS LA CONSERVATION DE L'AGROBIODIVERSITE DES SYSTEMES AGRICOLES AMERINDIENS DU BAS RIO NEGRO (AMAZONAS, BRESIL)

International audienceIn Amazonia, shifting cultivation is the main farming system, and it is practiced in heterogeneous environments and with different degrees of sustainability. In the lower Rio Negro (Amazonas, Brasil), nearby the city of Manaus, the complex swidden-fallow systems need adaptations to cope with the lack of land rights and of labor force, wich is due to rural-urban mobility, extractivism, schooling and turism. We analyze the innovations developed by indigenous people in order to maintain their production and the flexibility of their agricultural system, by conserving agrobiodiversity and influencing the spatiotemporal dynamics of their cultivated areas within these permanent instability conditions

Desigualdade de renda, bolsa família e a criminalidade urbana no Brasil

Monografia (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Economia, 2013.Este trabalho analisa o impacto que o programa de transferência condicional de renda brasileiro, o Bolsa Família, teve sobre a redução da desigualdade e sobre as taxas de criminalidade no país. O arcabouço teórico e trabalhos empíricos apontam para uma correlação positiva entre a desigualdade de renda e o crime. Dessa forma, por ter sido um importante instrumento no fenômeno de redução da desigualdade na última década, espera-se que o Bolsa Família tenha impactado negativamente as taxas de criminalidade. Além da relação com a redução na desigualdade, este trabalho enfoca também outros canais por meio dos quais o Bolsa Família pode afetar o crime e, a partir da análise de dados dos municípios do estado de São Paulo, mostra que há uma correlação negativa entre o valor dos benefícios por habitante e as taxas de roubos destes municípios. _________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis study analysis the impacts that the Brazilian conditional cash transfer program, the Bolsa Família, had over the reduction of income inequality and the crime rates in the country. The theoretical framework and empirical works shows a positive correlation between income inequality and crime. Therefore, as being an important instrument in the reduction of this inequality in the last decade, we expect that the Bolsa Família has had a negative impact on crime. Beyond this factor, this work also focalizes others channels through which the Bolsa Família can affect criminality and, based on a data analysis of the municipalities of the state of São Paulo, shows that there is a negative correlation between the value of benefits per habitant and the robbery rates in these municipalities

Campanha “Seu caminho”: Peças de comunicação para a marca Teagah

PCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Design.Considerando a dificuldade existente para uma marca de roupas iniciante se destacar e se estabelecer no mercado, este projeto de conclusão de curso teve como objetivo desenvolver seis peças de comunicação de moda, que traduzam o conceito da marca, para postagem nas redes sociais. O cliente para qual este projeto foi desenvolvido foi a Teagah, uma marca iniciante de roupas streetwear, e a qual ainda não está consolidada no mercado. O desenvolvimento se deu através da união das metodologias Design Thinking e de Frascara, juntamente à técnicas do Design 3D, como a modelagem de roupas e cenários, além da aplicação de físicas reais ao modelo. Além disso, adicionou-se características de ambientação, texturização, iluminação e câmera mais realistas, para assim criar uma maior imersão do público alvo, a fim de captá-lo por este diferencial, que segue padrões de tendências do mercado, já exercidas pelas grandes marcas, dos mais diversos segmentos para além da moda. Com essas etapas, se alcançou os objetivos estabelecidos neste projeto e desenvolveu-se uma animação, que foi utilizada como peça principal, e mais cinco peças estáticas que a complementam.Considering the existing difficulty for a beginner clothing brand to stand out and establish itself in the market, this course conclusion project aimed to develop six pieces of fashion communication, which translate the brand's concept, for posting on social networks. The client for which this project was developed was Teagah, a new streetwear clothing brand, which is not yet consolidated in the market. The development took place through the union of Design Thinking and Frascara methodologies, together with 3D Design techniques, such as modeling clothes and scenarios, in addition to the application of real physics to the model. In addition, more realistic features of ambiance, texturing, lighting and camera were added, in order to create a greater immersion of the target audience, in order to capture it by this differential, which follows market trends standards, already exercised by the great brands, from the most diverse segments beyond fashion. With these steps, the objectives established in this project were achieved and an animation was developed, which was used as the main piece, and five more static pieces that complement it