Variabilidade isoenzimática de acessos de mandioca de diferentes regiões do Brasil

A mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) pertence à família Euphorbiaceae, gênero Manihot, cultivada em todo o país. É a única do gênero utilizada na alimentação. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo da variabilidade isoenzimática de 200 acessos de mandioca obtidos junto ao banco de germoplasma da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. Os acessos foram agrupados de acordo com o local de origem, obtendo-se desta forma sete grupos: 1-Amazonas, 2-Amapa, 3-Bahia, 4-Para, 5-Rondonia, 6-Diversos, incluindo-se neste grupo os acessos que se apresentavam em pequena quantidade por local de origem (um ou no máximo dois indivíduos), e 7- Acessos de origem desconhecida. Os acessos foram também avaliados como um todo. Para a corrida eletroforética, foram utilizadas amostras de folhas jovens em gel de amido a 12%. Foram avaliados oito sistemas isoenzimáticos: glutamato desidrogenase (GTDH), fosfatase ácida (ACP), leucina aminopeptidase (LAP), isocitrato desidrogenase (IDH), xiquimato desidrogenase (SKDH), enzima málica (ME), malato desidrogenase (MDH) e glucose-6-fosfato desidrogenase (G6PDH). A análise revelou um loco polimórfico por sistema. O material avaliado apresentou grande variabilidade isoenzimática. O número médio de alelos por loco variou de 2,3 a 2,5, a heterozigosidade média observada (;) variou de 0,381 a 0,615, e o índice de diversidade de 0,479 a 0,559. Observou-se maior variabilidade genética dentro dos grupos do que entre grupos, sugerindo um padrão de distribuição de variabilidade genética semelhante ao esperado para populações naturais de espécies alógamas.Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family, and is widely cultivated in Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the isoenzymatic variability of 200 cassava accessions from the germplasm bank of Embrapa Amazonia Oriental. Seven groups were formed according to their origin: 1-Amazonas, 2-Amapa, 3-Bahia, 4-Para, 5-Rondonia, 6-Various, for accessions with a maximum of three individuals per place of origin, and 7 - Accessions of indefinite origin. The accessions were also evaluated as a whole. For the electrophoretic analyses, samples of young leaves were used in a 12% starch gel. Eight isoenzymatic systems were evaluated: acid phosphatase (ACP), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), shikimate dehydrogenase (SKDH), malic enzyme (ME), glutamate dehydrogenase (GTDH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). Analysis revealed a polymorphic locus for each system and high isoenzymatic variability among accessions. The average number of alleles per locus varied from 2.3 to 2.5. Average observed heterozigosity varied from 0.381 to 0.615 and the diversity index varied from 0.479 to 0.559. Genetic variability within groups was greater than among groups, suggesting a distribution pattern similar to what can be expected for natural populations of outcrossing plants

Herbicides effects in cassava culture (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

A presente pesquisa foi conduzida na área do Departamento de Agricultura e Horticultura da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz em Piracicaba, Estado de São Paulo, no período de julho/82 a julho/83, com o objetivo de se estudar os efeitos dos herbicidas no controle das plantas daninhas principalmente da tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.) no crescimento e no rendimento da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) O delineamento experimental adotado foi um fatorial 4 x 2 distribuído em blocos casualizados com 8 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: 1. testemunha com capina; 2. diuron (2,00 kg/ha); 3. alaclor (2,40 kg/ha); 4. diuron + alaclor (1,20 kg/ha + 1,20 kg/ha); 5. glifosato (1,92 kg/ha) + capina com enxada; 6. glifosato + diuron (1,92 kg/ha + 2,00 kg/ha); 7. glifosato + alaclor (1 ,92 kg /h a + 2, 4) kg / ha) ; 8. glifosato + diuron + alaclor (1,92 kg/ha + 1,20 kg/ha + 1,20 kg/ha). Os tratamentos foram avaliados através da contagem de tubérculos e rizomas de tiririca, e de outras plantas daninhas presentes, 30, 45 e 5 5 dias após a aplicação dos herbicidas de pós-plantio. Foram determinados também, a altura e diâmetro da copa das plantas, produção de raízes e parte aérea por hectare, teor de amido nas raízes e Índice de colheita. As análises e interpretações dos resultados obtidos permitiram as seguintes principais conclusões: 1, A utilização de 1,92 kg/ha de glifosato em pré-plantio seguida de capina com enxada ou do alaclor (2, 40 kg/ha) ou do diuron (2,00 kg/ha) em pós-plantio da mandioca revelou-se eficiente no controle da tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.) 2. Para o controle das plantas daninhas, os tratamentos glifosato + diuron (1,92 kg/ha + 2,00 kg/ha) e o glifosato + diuron + alaclor (1,92 kg/ha + 1,20 kg/ha + 1,20 kg/ha) necessitaram de uma capina complementar com enxada. Os demais tratamentos herbicidas foram complementados com duas a três capinas com enxada. 3. O alaclor aplicado na dose de 2,40 kg/ha reduziu a altura das plantas de mandioca, produção da parte aérea e produção de raízes. 4. Não foram significativas as diferenças entre tratamentos para produção de raízes. Entretanto, nas análises econômicas realizadas com as medias de produção, o tratamento herbicida de custo mais elevado foi o glifosato + alaclor (1,92 kg/ha + 2,40 kg/ha). Sendo os tratamentos glifosato + diuron (1,92 kg/ha + 2,00 kg/ha) e diuron (2,00 kg/ha) os que permitiram a obtenção de maiores rendas líquidas, respectivamente 13,0% e 11,0% superiores ao tratamento Capina com enxada.This research was carried out in Agriculture and Horticulture Department field, College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, University of State of São Paulo, 1982 July to 1983 July; the objective was to study the herbicides effects on weed control, chiefly purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) in cassava growth and yield (Manihot esculenta Crantz). It was utilized experimental design with 4 x 2 fatorial distributed in randomized blocks with eight treatments and four replications. The treatments utilized were: 1. control with hoeing; 2. _diuron (2.00 kg/ha); 3. alachlor (2.40 kg/ha); 4. diuron + alachlor (1.26 kg/ha + 1.20 kg/ha); 5. glyphosate (1. 92 kg /ha) with hoeing; 6. glyphosate + diuron (1.92 kg/ha + 2.00 kg/ha); 7. glyphosate + alachlor (1.92 kg/ha + 2.40 kg/ha); 8. glyphosate + diuron + alachlor (1,92 kg/ha + 1.20 kg/ha + 1.io kg/ha). The treatments were analysed by bulbs and rhizome índices of purple nutsedge, and weed aerial parts 30, 45 and 55 days after herbicides aplication, post-plantation. It was also determined the plant height and plant diameter, root production and aerial part for hectare, root starch contentand harvest índices. By analyses and interpretations, it was concluded: 1. Utilization of 1.92 kg/ha of glyphosate in pre plantation followed by hoeing or alachlor (2.40 kg/ha) or diuron (2.00 kg/ha) in post plantation of cassava proved to be afficient in purple nutsedge control (Cyperus rotundus L.). 2.The weed control, with treatments glyphosate + diuron (1.92 kg/ha + 2.00 kg/ha) and glyphosate + diuron + alachlor (1,92 kg/ha + 1.20 kg/ha + 1.20 kg/ha) it was necessary a pruning with hoe. ln the other treatments it was utilized two to three prunings with hoe. 3. Alachlor aplication in 2.40 kg/ha decreased the cassava plant height, aerial part and root yield. 4. The difference between treatments to root yield were not significative. However the economics analyses made with the yield average, the more expensive herbicide treatment was glyphosate + alachlor (1.92 kg/ha + 2.40 kg/ha). Being the treatments glyphosate + diuron (1.92 kg/ha + 2.00 kg/ha) and diuron (2.00 kg/ha) the ones which produced the highest net incones1 respectivety 13.0% and 11.0% higher than the hoeing treatment

Farinha de macaxeira semipronta para uso culinário

The process to obtainment of integral, semi-ready and without additive cassava flour to cookery use was developed at Embrapa Eastern Amazon, in Belem-Para. This flour was obtained from fresh roots of table-cultivates cassava to be used in making of cake, croquette and mashed cassava or used to condense piquant sauces and snap soups. The quality of four cultivates select in Cassava Germoplasma Bank of Amazonia Oriental was valued. The results showed that the cultivates Peruvian and Calzavara are the more indicated to be used for the prime matter of the flour because they have a light cortex (interpeel). The cassava flour presented fine and homogeneous texture and it is able to be mantained in ambient conditions, until six months after making, without variations of the quality.Desenvolveu-se na Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, em Belém-PA, o processo para obtenção de farinha de macaxeira integral, semipronta, sem aditivo, para uso na culinária. Esta farinha foi obtida a partir de raízes frescas de cultivares de mesa ou macaxeiras, para ser usada na fabricação de bolo, croquete, purê, ou como substância engrossante de molhos picantes e sopas de preparo instantâneo. Avaliou-se a qualidade da farinha de quatro cultivares selecionadas no Banco de Germoplasma de Mandioca da Amazônia Oriental, tendo os resultados mostrados que as cultivares Peruana e Calzavara são as mais indicadas como matéria prima, por apresentarem o córtex (entrecasca) claro. O produto final apresentou textura fina e homogênea, podendo ser conservada sem alteração da qualidade em condições ambientais, até seis meses de fabricação

Resumos em andamento - Educação

Resumos em andamento - Educaçã

Resumos em andamento - Educação

Resumos em andamento - Educaçã

Neotropical xenarthrans: a dataset of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics.

International audienceXenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions forecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosys-tem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts withdomestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their fulldistribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths.Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae(3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data onDasypus pilo-sus(Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized,but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In thisdata paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence andquantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is fromthe southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of theNeotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regardinganteaters,Myrmecophaga tridactylahas the most records (n=5,941), andCyclopessp. havethe fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data isDasypus novemcinctus(n=11,588), and the fewest data are recorded forCalyptophractus retusus(n=33). Withregard to sloth species,Bradypus variegatushas the most records (n=962), andBradypus pyg-maeushas the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to makeoccurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly ifwe integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, andNeotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure,habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possiblewith the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data inpublications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are usingthese data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data