In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Mycobacterium massiliense Recovered from Wound Samples of Patients Submitted to Arthroscopic and Laparoscopic Surgeries

Testing of rapidly growing species of mycobacteria (RGM) against antibacterial agents has been shown to have some clinical utility. This work establishes the MICs of seven antimicrobial agents following the guidelines set forth by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) against eighteen isolates of Mycobacterium massiliense recovered from wound samples of patients submitted to minimally invasive surgery such as arthroscopy and laparoscopy. The isolates showed susceptibility to amikacin (MIC90 = 4 μg/mL) and clarithromycin (MIC90 < 1 μg/mL) but resistance to ciprofloxacin (MIC90 > 16 μg/mL), doxycycline (MIC90 > 32 μg/mL), sulfamethoxazole (MIC90 > 128 μg/mL), and tobramycin (MIC90 = 32 μg/mL), and intermediate profile to cefoxitin (MIC90 = 64 μg/mL). Therefore, we suggest that the antimicrobial susceptibilities of any clinically significant RGM isolate should be performed

Infecção Urinária em Gestantes Atendidas em um Laboratório Clínico de Goiânia-Go Entre 2012 e 2013

Resumo: infecção do trato urinário é uma complicação na gestação. Elucidamos os principais microrganismos e perfis de suscetibilidade coletando dados em um laboratório clínico de Goiânia-GO, de 2012 a 2013. Das 264 gestantes, 63 (23,8%) apresentaram urocultura positiva, sendo Escherichia coli prevalente (28,6%) com cepas multirresistentes (50,0%) e ESBL positivas (11,1%), enfatizando a importância da emergência da resistência bacteriana aos antimicrobianos. Palavras-chave: Infecção urinária. Gestantes. Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrobianos

AVALIAÇÃO DA EFICÁCIA DA LUZ ULTRAVIOLETA CONTÍNUA NA DESCONTAMINAÇÃO DE CÉDULAS DO REAL

Hands are pathways for the transmission of microorganisms because they come into contact with different objects in everyday life, including money. As the banknotes wear down, moisture, impurities and bacteria accumulate, which are favored by the oil produced on the pulp of the fingers and deposited among the cracks in the paper money. Although continuous ultraviolet light (UV-C) can be used to decontaminate objects and surfaces, it is necessary to know the ideal exposure time in order to use it efficiently. This study aimed to effectiveness of UV-C exposure in the decontamination of banknotes of real. Four banknotes were analyzed, being three of R$2.00 and one of R$5.00, randomly selected. The experiments were performed in duplicate in the Clinical Laboratory of PUC Goiás, using TSB and PCA culture media. The samples were collected with swabs moistened in sterile TSB broth before and after exposure of the banknotes to UV-C light for 5, 10, and 20 minutes. After collection, the samples were seeded in TSB broth and incubated at 36°C. After 24h of incubation, 100μl of the broth were seeded onto the PCA agar surface, and these were incubated at 36°C for 24h. Afterwards, the experiments were read. The results evidenced the presence of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms (MMAT) in all the evaluated ballots before and after exposure for 5 and 10 minutes to UV-C light. On the other hand, it was observed that after 20 minutes of exposure to UV-C light there was 100% decontamination of real banknotes.As mãos são vias de transmissão de microrganismos pois entram em contato com diferentes objetos no dia a dia, incluindo o dinheiro. Com o desgaste das cédulas, ocorre acúmulo de umidade, impurezas e bactérias, que são favorecidas pelo óleo produzido na polpa dos dedos e depositados em meio às rachaduras no papel-moeda. Embora a luz ultravioleta contínua (UV-C) possa ser empregada na descontaminação de objetos e superfícies, é necessário conhecer o tempo de exposição ideal, para assim, utilizá-la de forma eficiente. Esse estudo objetivou avaliar a eficácia da exposição à UV-C na descontaminação de cédulas do real. Foram analisadas quatro cédulas sendo três de R$2,00 e uma de R$5,00, selecionadas aleatoriamente. Os experimentos foram realizados em duplicata no Laboratório Clínico da PUC Goiás, empregando-se os meios de cultura TSB e PCA. As amostras foram coletadas com swabs umedecidos em caldo TSB estéril, antes e após a exposição das cédulas à luz UV-C durante 5, 10 e 20 minutos. Após a coleta, as amostras foram semeadas em caldo TSB e incubadas à 36ºC. Após 24h, 100μl do caldo TSB foram semeados na superfície do ágar PCA, o qual foi incubado à 36ºC por 24h. Na sequência realizou-se a leitura dos experimentos. Os resultados evidenciaram a presença de de microrganismos mesófilos aeróbios totais (MMAT) em todas as cédulas avaliadas antes e após exposição durante 5 e 10 minutos à luz UV-C. Por outro lado constatou-se que após 20 minutos de exposição à luz UV-C, houve 100% de descontaminação das cédulas do real

Linking accounts for ecosystem services and benefits to the economy through bridging (LISBETH)

The acronym LISBETH stands for LInking accounts for ecosystem Services and Benefits to the Economy THrough bridging. LISBETH is based on INCA (Integrated system for Natural Capital Accounting) and is meant to facilitate the use of INCA accounts in traditional economic analytical tools. Three practical examples are described and commented on. The first application shows how to combine crop provision accounts with the conventional accounts related to agricultural products and their trade. Combined account presentations are useful for policymakers, not only for technical analytical purposes but also for communicating with a wider non-technical audience. The second application shows how to build consumption-based accounts using multiregional input–output tables; in our example we assess the water purification service embedded in traded crops. Consumption remains in fact the ultimate driver behind production processes. The third application shows how to link ecosystem services accounts to general equilibrium models to assess the economic impacts generated by changes in ecosystem services; in our example we address the impact of invasive alien species on pollination and in turn on pollination-dependent crops and their trade. The three applications provide several insights in terms of their usefulness at different steps of the policy cycle, their feasibility, their technical complexity (and thus the level of skill required) and also in terms of the primary users (from specialised analysts to a non-specialised audience).JRC.D.3-Land Resource

Effect of supplementation with extract of white bean flour in murine model

Common bean supplementation (Phaseolus vulgaris) "in natura" causes loss of body weight associated with a deficiency in nutrient absorption and histopathological changes. This effect has been attributed to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) present in high concentrations in red and white beans. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the safety of white bean flour as a dietary supplement. Animals were treated for 14 days with extract of white bean flour (WBFE) at doses of 2.65g/kg and 5.30g/kg. A significant reduction in body weight was observed, accompanied by the reduction of mean values of glycemia, in both groups in relation to the control group. Significant structural changes were also observed in the intestinal epithelium. Additionally, mice treated with WBFE 5.30g/kg presented mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate in the lamina propria of the intestinal mucosa accompanied by a dose-dependent increase in the dosage of chemokine MCP-1 and nitric oxide, although without causing intestinal and hepatic oxidative and oxidative damage.  The deleterious effects resulting from the use of the WBFE are not permanent since the treated animals after 14 days without WBFE stimuli. In conclusion, commercial bean flour did not prove to be safe as oral dietary supplementation at the dosages used because of the antinutritional and immunomodulatory effects.

DOENÇAS CRÔNICAS E A BAIXA ADESÃO AO TRATAMENTO FARMACOLÓGICO

Chronic diseases represent a significant global health challenge, characterized by their long duration and continuous impact on quality of life. Low adherence to pharmacological treatment is a recurring problem in this context, affecting therapeutic efficacy and disease progression. This lack of adherence can result from several factors, including complexity of the therapeutic regimen, medication side effects, costs, implications and individual perceptions, forgetfulness, or lack of understanding about the importance of treatment. The effects of low adherence are significant, leading to preventable complications, frequent hospitalizations and an increased burden of morbidity and mortality. Strategies to improve adherence to pharmacological treatment, educational interventions, simplification of medication regimens, use of reminders, social support, and regular monitoring by health professionals. The use of technology, such as apps and electronic devices, has also been shown to be helpful in improving adherence. It is essential that there is a multidisciplinary approach to address low adherence to treatment, involving doctors, pharmacists, psychologists, and other health professionals. Furthermore, creating a supportive environment that considers patients' individual needs and concerns is crucial to promoting effective treatment adherence. In summary, low adherence to pharmacological treatment in chronic diseases represents a significant challenge, affecting therapeutic efficacy and patient prognosis. Strategies that consider the complexity of human behavior and personalized approaches are key to improving adherence, resulting in better health outcomes and quality of life for patients affected by chronic diseases.As doenças crônicas representam um desafio significativo para a saúde global, caracterizado por sua longa duração e impacto contínuo na qualidade de vida. A baixa adesão ao tratamento farmacológico é um problema recorrente nesse contexto, afetando a eficácia terapêutica e a progressão da doença. Essa falta de adesão pode resultar de diversos fatores, incluindo complexidade do regime terapêutico, efeitos colaterais dos medicamentos, custos, implicações e percepções individuais, esquecimento ou falta de entendimento sobre a importância do tratamento. Os efeitos da baixa adesão são significativos, levando a complicações evitáveis, hospitalizações frequentes e um aumento da carga de morbidade e mortalidade. Estratégias para melhorar a adesão ao tratamento farmacológico, intervenções educacionais, simplificação dos regimes de medicação, uso de lembretes, apoio social e acompanhamento regular por profissionais de saúde. O emprego de tecnologia, como aplicativos e dispositivos eletrônicos, também foi mostrado útil na melhoria da adesão. É essencial que haja uma abordagem multidisciplinar para enfrentar a baixa adesão ao tratamento, envolvendo médicos, farmacêuticos, psicólogos e outros profissionais de saúde. Além disso, a criação de um ambiente de suporte que leve em consideração as necessidades e preocupações individuais dos pacientes é crucial para promover uma adesão eficaz ao tratamento. Em resumo, a baixa adesão ao tratamento farmacológico em doenças crônicas representa um desafio significativo, afetando a eficácia terapêutica e o prognóstico dos pacientes. Estratégias que consideram a complexidade do comportamento humano e abordagens personalizadas são fundamentais para melhorar a adesão, resultando em mais bem resultados de saúde e qualidade de vida para os pacientes afetados por doenças crônicas

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

2 nd Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease, 2015

Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on the articulation and strategic contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of a close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. It is hoped that this document will strengthen the development of integrated actions against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research