Competition and moral behavior: A meta-analysis of forty-five crowd-sourced experimental designs

Does competition affect moral behavior? This fundamental question has been debated among leading scholars for centuries, and more recently, it has been tested in experimental studies yielding a body of rather inconclusive empirical evidence. A potential source of ambivalent empirical results on the same hypothesis is design heterogeneity—variation in true effect sizes across various reasonable experimental research protocols. To provide further evidence on whether competition affects moral behavior and to examine whether the generalizability of a single experimental study is jeopardized by design heterogeneity, we invited independent research teams to contribute experimental designs to a crowd-sourced project. In a large-scale online data collection, 18,123 experimental participants were randomly allocated to 45 randomly selected experimental designs out of 95 submitted designs. We find a small adverse effect of competition on moral behavior in a meta-analysis of the pooled data. The crowd-sourced design of our study allows for a clean identification and estimation of the variation in effect sizes above and beyond what could be expected due to sampling variance. We find substantial design heterogeneity—estimated to be about 1.6 times as large as the average standard error of effect size estimates of the 45 research designs—indicating that the informativeness and generalizability of results based on a single experimental design are limited. Drawing strong conclusions about the underlying hypotheses in the presence of substantive design heterogeneity requires moving toward much larger data collections on various experimental designs testing the same hypothesis

Decay competition in IMF production in the collisions 78Kr+40Ca and 86Kr+48Ca at 10 AMeV

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Influence of neutron enrichment on compound system formation and decay in [sup 78]Kr+[sup 40]Ca and [sup 86]Kr+[sup 48]Ca reactions at 10 AMeV

International audienceThe de-excitation of medium mass nuclei 118,134Ba produced in fusion process of 78,86Kr on 40,48Ca targets at 10 AMeV is studied, in order to investigate the isospin dependence of the decay modes; the neutron enrichment of the compound nuclei is in fact expected to play an important role on the emission mechanisms, providing crucial information on fundamental nuclear quantities such as level density, fission barrier, viscosity and symmetry energy. The experiment was performed at INFN-LNS with the 4π multidetector for charged particles CHIMERA, used for the first time in this low energy regime, thanks to a suitable Pulse Shape Discrimination method for charge identification applied to the silicon detectors. Preliminary results show a different isotopic composition and relative enrichment for the same Z in the two systems. The yields of the Intermediate Mass Fragments (IMF,

Decay Competition in IMF Production in the Collisions 78^{78}Kr+40^{40}Ca and 86^{86}Kr+48^{48}Ca at 10 A.MeV

International audienceDe-excitation modes of compound systems 118Ba and 134Ba, produced respectively in the 78Kr+40Ca and 86Kr+48Ca collisions at 10 AMeV, are investigated. In particular, the competition among the various disintegration decay paths and the neutron richness dependence of the decay process are studied. Experimentally, the different reaction products were detected and identified with different methods by means of the CHIMERA array at the INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud. Global decay patterns and fragment emission characteristics are presented for the two systems