7,597 research outputs found
On the probability distribution function of small scale interplanetary magnetic field fluctuations
In spite of a large number of papers dedicated to study MHD turbulence in the
solar wind there are still some simple questions which have never been
sufficiently addressed like: a)do we really know how the magnetic field vector
orientation fluctuates in space? b) what is the statistics followed by the
orientation of the vector itself? c) does the statistics change as the wind
expands into the interplanetary space? A better understanding of these points
can help us to better characterize the nature of interplanetary fluctuations
and can provide useful hints to investigators who try to numerically simulate
MHD turbulence. This work follows a recent paper presented by the same authors.
This work follows a recent paper presented by some of the authors which shows
that these fluctuations might resemble a sort of random walk governed by a
Truncated Leevy Flight statistics. However, the limited statistics used in that
paper did not allow final conclusions but only speculative hypotheses. In this
work we aim to address the same problem using a more robust statistics which on
one hand forces us not to consider velocity fluctuations but, on the other hand
allows us to establish the nature of the governing statistics of magnetic
fluctuations with more confidence. In addition, we show how features similar to
those found in the present statistical analysis for the fast speed streams of
solar wind, are qualitatively recovered in numerical simulations of the
parametric instability. This might offer an alternative viewpoint for
interpreting the questions raised above.Comment: 25pag, 20 jpg small size figures. In press on "ANnales Geophysicae"
(September 2004
Transport anisotropy in biaxially strained La(2/3)Ca(1/3)MnO(3) thin films
Due to the complex interplay of magnetic, structural, electronic, and orbital
degrees of freedom, biaxial strain is known to play an essential role in the
doped manganites. For coherently strained La(2/3)Ca(1/3)MnO(3) thin films grown
on SrTiO(3) substrates, we measured the magnetotransport properties both
parallel and perpendicular to the substrate and found an anomaly of the
electrical transport properties. Whereas metallic behavior is found within the
plane of biaxial strain, for transport perpendicular to this plane an
insulating behavior and non-linear current-voltage characteristics (IVCs) are
observed. The most natural explanation of this anisotropy is a strain induced
transition from an orbitally disordered ferromagnetic state to an orbitally
ordered state associated with antiferromagnetic stacking of ferromagnetic
manganese oxide planes.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Alignment transition in a nematic liquid crystal due to field-induced breaking of anchoring
We report on the alignment transition of a nematic liquid crystal from
initially homeotropic to quasi-planar due to field-induced anchoring breaking.
The initial homeotropic alignment is achieved by Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers.
In this geometry the anchoring strength can be evaluated by the Frederiks
transition technique. Applying an electric field above a certain threshold
provokes turbulent states denoted DSM1 and DSM2. While DSM1 does not affect the
anchoring, DSM2 breaks the coupling between the surface and the liquid crystal:
switching off the field from a DSM2 state does not immediately restore the
homeotropic alignment. Instead, we obtain a quasi-planar metastable alignment.
The cell thickness dependence for the transition is related to theComment: 7 pages, LaTeX2e article, 4 figures, 7 EPS files, added references,
accepted for publication in Europhysics Letter
Multifractal detrending moving average cross-correlation analysis
There are a number of situations in which several signals are simultaneously
recorded in complex systems, which exhibit long-term power-law
cross-correlations. The multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis
(MF-DCCA) approaches can be used to quantify such cross-correlations, such as
the MF-DCCA based on detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-X-DFA) method. We
develop in this work a class of MF-DCCA algorithms based on the detrending
moving average analysis, called MF-X-DMA. The performances of the MF-X-DMA
algorithms are compared with the MF-X-DFA method by extensive numerical
experiments on pairs of time series generated from bivariate fractional
Brownian motions, two-component autoregressive fractionally integrated moving
average processes and binomial measures, which have theoretical expressions of
the multifractal nature. In all cases, the scaling exponents extracted
from the MF-X-DMA and MF-X-DFA algorithms are very close to the theoretical
values. For bivariate fractional Brownian motions, the scaling exponent of the
cross-correlation is independent of the cross-correlation coefficient between
two time series and the MF-X-DFA and centered MF-X-DMA algorithms have
comparative performance, which outperform the forward and backward MF-X-DMA
algorithms. We apply these algorithms to the return time series of two stock
market indexes and to their volatilities. For the returns, the centered
MF-X-DMA algorithm gives the best estimates of since its
is closest to 0.5 as expected, and the MF-X-DFA algorithm has the
second best performance. For the volatilities, the forward and backward
MF-X-DMA algorithms give similar results, while the centered MF-X-DMA and the
MF-X-DFA algorithms fails to extract rational multifractal nature.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, 2 matlab codes for MF-X-DMA and MF-X-DF
Persistence of small-scale anisotropy of magnetic turbulence as observed in the solar wind
The anisotropy of magnetophydrodynamic turbulence is investigated by using
solar wind data from the Helios 2 spacecraft. We investigate the behaviour of
the complete high-order moment tensors of magnetic field increments and we
compare the usual longitudinal structure functions which have both isotropic
and anisotropic contributions, to the fully anisotropic contribution. Scaling
exponents have been extracted by an interpolation scaling function. Unlike the
usual turbulence in fluid flows, small-scale magnetic fluctuations remain
anisotropic. We discuss the radial dependence of both anisotropy and
intermittency and their relationship.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, in press on Europhys. Let
Model-Independent Sum Rule Analysis Based on Limited-Range Spectral Data
Partial sum rules are widely used in physics to separate low- and high-energy
degrees of freedom of complex dynamical systems. Their application, though, is
challenged in practice by the always finite spectrometer bandwidth and is often
performed using risky model-dependent extrapolations. We show that, given
spectra of the real and imaginary parts of any causal frequency-dependent
response function (for example, optical conductivity, magnetic susceptibility,
acoustical impedance etc.) in a limited range, the sum-rule integral from zero
to a certain cutoff frequency inside this range can be safely derived using
only the Kramers-Kronig dispersion relations without any extra model
assumptions. This implies that experimental techniques providing both active
and reactive response components independently, such as spectroscopic
ellipsometry in optics, allow an extrapolation-independent determination of
spectral weight 'hidden' below the lowest accessible frequency.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Generation of high-purity higher-order Laguerre-Gauss beams at high laser power
We have investigated the generation of highly pure higher-order
Laguerre-Gauss (LG) beams at high laser power of order 100W, the same regime
that will be used by 2nd generation gravitational wave interferometers such as
Advanced LIGO. We report on the generation of a helical type LG33 mode with a
purity of order 97% at a power of 83W, the highest power ever reported in
literature for a higher-order LG mode.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure
Experimental test of higher-order Laguerre–Gauss modes in the 10 m Glasgow prototype interferometer
Brownian noise of dielectric mirror coatings is expected to be one of the limiting noise sources, at the peak sensitivity, of next generation ground based interferometric gravitational wave (GW) detectors. The use of higher-order Laguerre–Gauss (LG) beams has been suggested to reduce the effect of coating thermal noise in future generations of gravitational wave detectors. In this paper we describe the first test of interferometry with higher-order LG beams in an environment similar to a full-scale gravitational wave detector. We compare the interferometric performance of higher-order LG modes and the fundamental mode beams, injected into a 10 m long suspended cavity that features a finesse of 612, a value chosen to be typical of future gravitational wave detectors. We found that the expected mode degeneracy of the injected LG3, 3 beam was resolved into a multiple peak structure, and that the cavity length control signal featured several nearby zero crossings. The break up of the mode degeneracy is due to an astigmatism (defined as |Rcy − Rcx|) of 5.25 ± 0.5 cm on one of our cavity mirrors with a radius of curvature (Rc) of 15 m. This observation agrees well with numerical simulations developed with the FINESSE software. We also report on how these higher-order mode beams respond to the misalignment and mode mismatch present in our 10 m cavity. In general we found the LG3, 3 beam to be considerably more susceptible to astigmatism and mode mismatch than a conventional fundamental mode beam. Therefore the potential application of higher-order Laguerre–Gauss beams in future gravitational wave detectors will impose much more stringent requirements on both mode matching and mirror astigmatism
AIOCJ: A Choreographic Framework for Safe Adaptive Distributed Applications
We present AIOCJ, a framework for programming distributed adaptive
applications. Applications are programmed using AIOC, a choreographic language
suited for expressing patterns of interaction from a global point of view. AIOC
allows the programmer to specify which parts of the application can be adapted.
Adaptation takes place at runtime by means of rules, which can change during
the execution to tackle possibly unforeseen adaptation needs. AIOCJ relies on a
solid theory that ensures applications to be deadlock-free by construction also
after adaptation. We describe the architecture of AIOCJ, the design of the AIOC
language, and an empirical validation of the framework.Comment: Technical Repor
Classification of hyperbolic Dynkin diagrams, root lengths and Weyl group orbits
We give a criterion for a Dynkin diagram, equivalently a generalized Cartan
matrix, to be symmetrizable. This criterion is easily checked on the Dynkin
diagram. We obtain a simple proof that the maximal rank of a Dynkin diagram of
compact hyperbolic type is 5, while the maximal rank of a symmetrizable Dynkin
diagram of compact hyperbolic type is 4. Building on earlier classification
results of Kac, Kobayashi-Morita, Li and Sa\c{c}lio\~{g}lu, we present the 238
hyperbolic Dynkin diagrams in ranks 3-10, 142 of which are symmetrizable. For
each symmetrizable hyperbolic generalized Cartan matrix, we give a
symmetrization and hence the distinct lengths of real roots in the
corresponding root system. For each such hyperbolic root system we determine
the disjoint orbits of the action of the Weyl group on real roots. It follows
that the maximal number of disjoint Weyl group orbits on real roots in a
hyperbolic root system is 4.Comment: J. Phys. A: Math. Theor (to appear
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