Interleukin-1 blockade in recently decompensated systolic heart failure: study design of the recently decompensated heart failure anakinra response trial (RED-HART)

Heart Failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by dyspnea, fatigue, and poor exercise capacity due to impaired cardiac function. The incidence of HF is increasing and represents the leading cause of hospitalization in the United States among patients > 65 years of age. Neurohormonal blockade has proven to reduce morbidity and mortality; however the persistent toll of HF demonstrates the urgent need to continue to develop novel drugs that target other pathophysiological paradigms. The presence of inflammation in cardiovascular disease has been well-established and interleukin-1 (IL-1), the prototypical proinflammatory agent, has been shown in preclinical animal models to induce cardiac dysfunction. The current study will investigate the role of IL-1 as an inflammatory mediator of HF progression and investigate whether IL-1 blockade with anakinra, recombinant human IL-1 receptor antagonist, improves aerobic exercise performance in patients with recently decompensated systolic HF. This study will be composed of 3 treatment arms (20 patients each): 1) anakinra 100mg daily for 12 weeks; 2) anakinra 100mg daily for 2 weeks followed by placebo for 10 weeks; or 3) placebo for 12 weeks. All patients will be followed for at least 24 weeks. The co-primary endpoints will be placebo-corrected interval changes in peak oxygen consumption (VO2) and ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO2 slope) measured by Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPX) after 2 weeks of anakinra treatment. Secondary endpoints will include interval changes in 1) CPX variables at 4, 12 and 24 weeks; 2) echocardiographic measures of cardiac dimension/function; 3) quality of life assessments; 4) inflammatory biomarkers; and 5) clinical outcome including days alive outside of the hospital and survival free of re-hospitalization for HF. The RED-HART study will be the first study to address the potential benefits of IL-1 blockade on aerobic exercise performance in patients with recently decompensated HF

Evaluation of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for routine screening of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus antibodies in mice colonies

The current study demonstrates the ability of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) to detect antibodies against Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus in mice colonies. The antigen was produced from infected baby hamster kidney (BHK)-21 cells and treated with 1% Nonidet P40 in saline buffer. Control antigen was prepared following the same procedure using uninfected BHK-21 cells. The optimal antigen and serum dilutions were established. The reaction was revealed using an anti-mousehorseradish peroxidase conjugate and 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). Optimized iELISA was validated by detection of antibodies in known positive and negative serum samples before testing the samples of unknown status. Performance of the iELISA was compared with the indirect fluorescent antibody test, and the cutoff value was determined by receiver operating curve. Indirect ELISA showed 100% sensitivity, 99.38% specificity, and 97.78% predictive positive value. The antigen used is easy to produce, and no special equipment is required. The iELISA developed is simple and provides a rapid and less costly tool for diagnosis and research.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Evaluation of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for routine screening of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus antibodies in mice colonies

The current study demonstrates the ability of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) to detect antibodies against Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus in mice colonies. The antigen was produced from infected baby hamster kidney (BHK)-21 cells and treated with 1% Nonidet P40 in saline buffer. Control antigen was prepared following the same procedure using uninfected BHK-21 cells. The optimal antigen and serum dilutions were established. The reaction was revealed using an anti-mousehorseradish peroxidase conjugate and 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). Optimized iELISA was validated by detection of antibodies in known positive and negative serum samples before testing the samples of unknown status. Performance of the iELISA was compared with the indirect fluorescent antibody test, and the cutoff value was determined by receiver operating curve. Indirect ELISA showed 100% sensitivity, 99.38% specificity, and 97.78% predictive positive value. The antigen used is easy to produce, and no special equipment is required. The iELISA developed is simple and provides a rapid and less costly tool for diagnosis and research.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

UNA MIRADA SOBRE LA INVESTIGACIÓN EN LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE MAR DEL PLATA

Las expectativas de este trabajo están centradas en el conocimiento del desarrollo de la investigación en la UNMDP, los recursos disponibles para cumplir con los objetivos propuestos y su estado actual. Para ello se procedió a la recolección y el análisis de datos, fundamentalmente los correspondientes a esta última década. Una observación importante, que define el campo de análisis de la información expuesta en este trabajo, es que sólo se tienen en cuenta los aspectos de la investigación que promueve o fomenta la UNMDP, (proyectos, subsidios, becas, etc), sin considerar el aporte de otras instituciones u organizaciones que ayudan considerablemente al desarrollo de la ciencia en la Universidad, como el CONICET, o las agencias de cooperación internacional, por ejemplo. En este trabajo se han seleccionado algunos aspectos fundamentales del desarrollo de la investigación, unos por lo reveladores que resultan en la observación general, otros por ser los que reúnen una mayor confiabilidad en sus datos. Así aparecen: la evolución histórica, el sistema organizativo, los proyectos de investigación, las becas, los fondos para la investigación, la producción científica y el impacto de la investigación en la docencia. Se intenta de este modo perfilar a la UNMDP con indicadores que permitan, en breve, conformar un verdadero proceso de autoevaluación y su comparación con Instituciones similares. La investigación en la UNMDP posee historia y tiene presencia en su continuo hacer. Hoy es posible concebir a la trilogía docencia - investigación - extensión como síntesis de la finalidad que le cabe como Institución. Podrán cambiar los mecanismos de financiamiento, los objetos de la investigación, las estructuras organizativas y los planes de formación y estímulo de los recursos humanos, pero no se puede dejar de pensar en la investigación como una función primordial de la Universidad, creando conocimiento, y especialmente aquel conocimiento que tienda a resolver los problemas que el medio requiere. De lo presentado y analizado podría deducirse que esta Universidad está, en esta década tendiendo a encontrar sus propias dimensiones en el campo de la investigación: el número de proyectos se ha estabilizado, también los recursos y las cantidades de becas, existe una marcada presencia de las Facultades de Ingeniería, Humanidades, Cs. Exactas y Naturales, Cs. Agrarias y Arquitectura por sobre las demás, se tiende lentamente a incrementar la dedicación de sus docentes, se fomenta su formación a nivel cuaternario, se establecen convenios que permitan el intercambio y la cooperación y, así, tantas otras actividades que remarcan la intención de integrar la investigación al quehacer de nuestra Universidad. Queda mucho por hacer. Y, seguramente seguirán marchas y contramarchas, persistiendo el anhelo de que la institución encuentre el modo de concretar el trascendente fin para el que ha sido creada

Validación experimental de una pinza de dos dedos retráctiles

This paper presents analytical, numerical, and experimental testing models for designing and validating the feasibility of a gripper with two retractable fingers. The proposed gripper is specifically developed for grasping and manipulating objects that should be kept into restricted areas such as explosives, radioactive/ionized materials, and infected biological material specimens. The proposed gripper fingers can be retracted to pass through openings or slots and, once inside the restricted area, can be deployed in order to manipulate the objects without risk for the human operators. Analytical and numerical simulations are used to properly design and build a gripper prototype. Then, experimental tests are carried out to grasp objects of different sizes ranging from 5 to 10 mm. The obtained results are used to validate the gripper"s performance in terms of successful grasp and suitable accelerations and grasp forces

Heat Generation in the Railroad Bearing Thermoplastic Elastomer Suspension Element

The main purpose of this ongoing study is to investigate the effect of heat generation within a railroad thermoplastic elastomer suspension element on the thermal behavior of the railroad bearing assembly. Specifically, the purpose of this project is to quantify the heat generated by cyclic loading of the elastomer suspension element as a function of load amplitude, loading frequency, and operating temperature. The contribution of the elastomer pad to the system energy balance is modeled using data from dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of the specific materials in use for that part. DMA is a technique that is commonly used to characterize material properties as a function of temperature, time, frequency, stress, atmosphere or a combination of these parameters. DMA tests were run on samples of pad material prepared by three different processes: injection molded coupons, transfer molded coupons, and parts machined from an actual pad. The results provided a full characterization of the elastic deformation (Energy Storage) and viscous dissipation (Energy Dissipation) behavior of the material as a function of loading frequency, and temperature. These results show that the commonly used thermoplastic elastomer does generate heat under cyclic loading, though the frequency which produces peak heat output is outside the range of common loading frequency in rail service. These results can be combined with a stress analysis and service load measurements to estimate internally generated heat and, thus, enable a refined model for the evolution of bearing temperature during operation

Evolution of fractality in space plasmas of interest to geomagnetic activity

We studied the temporal evolution of fractality for geomagnetic activity, by calculating fractal dimensions from the Dst data and from a magnetohydrodynamic shell model for turbulent magnetized plasma, which may be a useful model to study geomagnetic activity under solar wind forcing. We show that the shell model is able to reproduce the relationship between the fractal dimension and the occurrence of dissipative events, but only in a certain region of viscosity and resistivity values. We also present preliminary results of the application of these ideas to the study of the magnetic field time series in the solar wind during magnetic clouds, which suggest that it is possible, by means of the fractal dimension, to characterize the complexity of the magnetic cloud structure.Peer reviewe

Camera-based CW diffuse optical tomography for obtaining 3D absorption maps by means of digital tomosynthesis

We present a novel method for obtaining a 3D absorption map of a tissue-like turbid slab in the near-infrared spectral range by tomosynthesis. Transmittance data are obtained for a large number of oblique projection directions by scanning a cw laser source across the surface of the slab and by using a CCD camera for spatially resolved light detection. A perturbation model of light transport is used to convert the intensity maps for the different projections into absorption maps. By applying the tomosynthesis approach to these new maps, 3D absorption information on embedded inclusions has been obtained for the first time. The number and the positions of the lateral offset detectors have been optimized by employing a structural similarity index for comparison of the reconstructed with the true absorption data. We present 3D reconstruction of absorption maps using both Monte Carlo simulations and experiments on phantoms with breast-like optical properties. A comparison with conventional 3D reconstruction by a finite element approach shows the superior location performance of tomosynthesis.Fil: Carbone, Nicolás Abel. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. - Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Vera, Demián Augusto. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. - Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Iriarte, Daniela Ines. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. - Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Pomarico, Juan Antonio. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. - Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Macdonald, R.. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt; AlemaniaFil: Grosenick, D.. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt; Alemani

ELISA indirecto (iELISA) para la detección de rutina de anticuerpos contra el virus diminuto del ratón (MVM) en colonias de ratones

In this study we developed an indirect ELISA to detect antibodies against Minute Virus of Mice (MVM) using an antigen produced from BHK-21 cells infected with a prototype strain of the virus. The optimal antigen concentration and serum dilutions were established. In order to analyze variability in the laboratory, reproducibility and repeatability within and between plates were determined. Then, a panel of 460 sera from conventional facilities and previously classified as positive or negative by the indirect fluorescent antibody assay was analyzed. The cutoff value was determined by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The results of the indirect ELISA were compared with those of the indirect fluorescent antibody assay. The ELISA assay showed 100% sensitivity and 99% specificity. ELISA is a useful tool to be developed in standard virology laboratories and can be used for screening animals faster than the traditional indirect fluorescent antibody assay.Se desarrolló un ELISA indirecto para detectar anticuerpos contra el virus diminuto del ratón (Mice minute virus [MVM]), utilizando un antígeno producido a partir de células BHK-21 infectadas con la cepa prototipo del virus. Se establecieron las diluciones óptimas de antígeno y el suero a utilizar. Para analizar la variabilidad en el laboratorio, se determinaron la reproducibilidad y la repetibilidad dentro de una placa y entre placas. Luego se analizaron 460 sueros provenientes de bioterios convencionales y clasificados previamente como positivos o negativos por inmunofluorescencia indirecta. El valor de corte se determinó mediante una curva ROC. Los resultados se compararon con los obtenidos con la prueba de inmunofluorescencia indirecta. El ELISA mostró 100% de sensibilidad y un 99% de especificidad. Esta técnica demostró ser una herramienta útil para desarrollar en laboratorios de virología estándar y puede utilizarse como prueba tamiz para seleccionar animales de manera más rápida que con la tradicional prueba de inmunofluorescencia indirectaFil: Laborde, Juan Martin. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Cátedra de Animales de Laboratorio; ArgentinaFil: Sguazza, Guillermo Hernán. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Cátedra de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Fuentealba, Nadia Analia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Cátedra de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Corva, Santiago Gerardo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas; ArgentinaFil: Carbone, Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Cátedra de Animales de Laboratorio; ArgentinaFil: Galosi, Cecilia Monica. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Cátedra de Virología; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentin