Quantifying fusion born ion populations in magnetically confined plasmas using ion cyclotron emission

Ion cyclotron emission (ICE) offers unique promise as a diagnostic of the fusion born alpha-particle population in magnetically confined plasmas. Pioneering observations from JET and TFTR found that ICE intensity $P_{ICE}$ scales approximately linearly with the measured neutron flux from fusion reactions, and with the inferred concentration, $n_\alpha/n_i$, of fusion-born alpha-particles confined within the plasma. We present fully nonlinear self-consistent kinetic simulations that reproduce this scaling for the first time. This resolves a longstanding question in the physics of fusion alpha-particle confinement and stability in MCF plasmas. It confirms the magnetoacoustic cyclotron instability (MCI) as the likely emission mechanism and greatly strengthens the basis for diagnostic exploitation of ICE in future burning plasmas

Effects of Body Shape on Literal Objectification: When Ideal May Be Less Than Ideal

Objectification, or the tendency to adopt an externalized view of self/other, is a ubiquitous process disproportionately affecting women (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997). Recent work has examined literal objectification, defined as “any outcome in which a person is perceived as, or behaves, objectlike, relative to humanlike” (Heflick & Goldenberg, 2014, p. 225). Focusing on women’s physical appearance heightens literal objectification, including reduced perceptions of warmth, competence, and morality (Heflick et al., 2011). We investigated whether participants’ ratings of literal objectification vary as a function of body type. Seventy-one college women (Mage = 19.23) viewed three photos of women, manipulated to depict low, average, and high ideal body shapes. Participants rated the degree to which each woman possessed competence, warmth and morality, and their desire to collaborate on a group project with them. Average images were rated as significantly higher on warmth, morality, and collaboration desirability than high ideal and low ideal images, and marginally more competent than high ideal images. High ideal images were rated as significantly lower on warmth and marginally lower on collaboration desirability than low ideal images. Future research should extend this work to evaluate behavioral manifestations of literal objectification and explore what other factors might moderate these effects

Exploiting the sensitivity of two satellite cloud height retrievals to cloud vertical distribution

This work presents a study on the sensitivity of two satellite cloud height retrievals to cloud vertical distribution. The difference in sensitivity is exploited by relating the difference in the retrieved cloud heights to cloud vertical extent. The two cloud height retrievals, performed within the Freie Universität Berlin AATSR MERIS Cloud (FAME-C) algorithm, are based on independent measurements and different retrieval techniques. First, cloud top temperature (CTT) is retrieved from Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) measurements in the thermal infrared. Second, cloud top pressure (CTP) is retrieved from Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) measurements in the oxygen-A absorption band. Both CTT and CTP are converted to cloud top height (CTH) using atmospheric profiles from a numerical weather prediction model. A sensitivity study using radiative transfer simulations in the near- infrared and thermal infrared were performed to demonstrate the larger impact of the assumed cloud vertical extinction profile on MERIS than on AATSR top- of-atmosphere measurements. The difference in retrieved CTH (ΔCTH) from AATSR and MERIS are related to cloud vertical extent (CVE) as observed by ground- based lidar and radar at three ARM sites. To increase the impact of the cloud vertical extinction profile on the MERIS-CTP retrievals, single-layer and geometrically thin clouds are assumed in the forward model. The results of the comparison to the ground-based observations were separated into single-layer and multi-layer cloud cases. Analogous to previous findings, the MERIS-CTP retrievals appear to be close to pressure levels in the middle of the cloud. Assuming a linear relationship, the ΔCTH multiplied by 2.5 gives an estimate on the CVE for single-layer clouds. The relationship is weaker for multi-layer clouds. Due to large variations of cloud vertical extinction profiles occurring in nature, a quantitative estimate of the cloud vertical extent is accompanied with large uncertainties. Yet, estimates of the CVE can contribute to the characterization of a cloudy scene. To demonstrate the plausibility of the approach, an estimate of the CVE was applied to a case study. In light of the follow-up mission Sentinel-3 with AATSR and MERIS like instruments, Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) and (Ocean and Land Colour Instrument) OLCI, respectively, for which the FAME-C algorithm can be easily adapted, a more accurate estimate of the CVE can be expected. OLCI will have three channels in the oxygen-A absorption band, thus providing more pieces of information on the cloud vertical extinction profile

Período apropriado para a substituição de copa do cajueiro anão precoce ou para a enxertia direta no campo.

O estudo tem o objetivo de apresentar uma alternativa para formacão de pomares de cajueiro anão precoce, em razão da grande dificuldade de disponibilidade de mudas enxertadas a época própria para plantio.bitstream/CNPAT-2010/11938/1/Pa-044.pd

Avaliação da semeadura direta, do plantio de porta-enxertos e de mudas do cajueiro anão precoce para enxertia no campo ou substituição de copa.

Entre as dificuldades do estabelecimento de pomares de cajueiro anao precoce, desejaveis em epocas proprias para o plantio, o transporte e o consequente alto custo que acarreta, uma vez que nem sempre os produtores dispoem de infra estrutura suficientemente adequada para a sua producao.bitstream/CNPAT-2010/5374/1/Ct-029.pd

Electrochemical Production and Corrosion Testing of Amorphous Ni-P

Ni-P alloys were prepared by electrodeposition under different conditions on a rotating disk electrode. A variety of alloys were prepared ranging from Ni-15P to Ni-25P. An indirect reduction of species in solution involving several steps appears to be favored over the direct reduction at the electrode based on the low P content in the alloy. Energy dispersion x-ray microanalysis was used to determine composition of the alloy. Transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction corroborated the amorphous nature of the structure. The physical and chemical homogeneity of the metallic glasses produced electrochemically is substantiated by the absence of electrochemical localized attack. Thus, a passivation mechanism is proposed which explains the formation of a broad range passive film in alkaline medium and also explains the narrow range of the passive film in acid and neutral media

Spatial random downscaling of rainfall signals in Andean heterogeneous terrain.

Remotely sensed data are often used as proxies for indirect precipitation measures over data-scarce and complex-terrain areas such as the Peruvian Andes. Although this information might be appropriate for some research requirements, the extent at which local sites could be related to such information is very limited because of the resolution of the available satellite data. Downscaling techniques are used to bridge the gap between what climate modelers (global and regional) are able to provide and what decision-makers require (local). Precipitation downscaling improves the poor local representation of satellite data and helps end-users acquire more accurate estimates of water availability. Thus, a multifractal downscaling technique complemented by a heterogeneity filter was applied to TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) 3B42 gridded data (spatial resolution ~ 28 km) from the Peruvian Andean high plateau or Altiplano to generate downscaled rainfall fields that are relevant at an agricultural scale (spatial resolution ~ 1 km)

Evaluación docente en los programas quirúrgicos de residentado médico mediante el instrumento MEDUCPG14

Objectives: To determine the validity and reliability of results obtained using the MEDUCPG14 instrument as well as to describe the results of the academic evaluation of surgical resident programs of a private university. Methods: A cross- sectional study was performed; the instrument was applied to 77 residents of surgical programs of Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and to 41 professors. Results: A reliability coefficient of 0.959 was obtained. Two domains were found: teaching, feedback and evaluation (11 items) attained a coefficient of 0.957 and respectful treatment (3 items) attained a coefficient of 0.923. Answer rate was higher than 90%. No difference by age, gender and subspecialty was found. Conclusion: MEDUCPG-14 has adequate validity and reliability to evaluate academic performance in surgical resident programs. Four or more evaluations per professor are needed; no difference by age, sex and subspecialty was found.Objetivos: Determinar la validez y confiabilidad de los resultados del instrumento MEDUCPG14 y describir los resultados de la evaluación docente en los programas quirúrgicos de residentado médico de una universidad privada. Material y métodos: Estudio de tipo transversal de validación del instrumento MEDUCPG14. El instrumento fue aplicado a 77 médicos residentes de los programas quirúrgicos de residentado médico de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH) y se evaluaron a 41 profesores. Resultados: Se obtuvo un coeficiente de confiabilidad de 0,959. Se encontraron dos dominios: Enseñanza y evaluación y retroalimentación (EER) (11 ítems) con confiabilidad de 0,957 y Trato respetuoso a pacientes y equipo de salud (TR) (3 ítems) con confiabilidad de 0,923. El porcentaje de respuesta fue mayor al 90%. No hubo diferencias significativas en los puntajes promedio por sexo, edad, especialidad y sede docente. Conclusión: El instrumento MEDUCPG-14 tiene una adecuada validez y confiabilidad en los programas quirúrgicos del residentado médico. Se requieren 4 o más evaluaciones por docente; no hubo diferencias en la evaluación de los docentes quirúrgicos en relación al sexo, sede docente y especialidad quirúrgica del médico residente