Análisis crítico multimodal de la representació femenina en cortometrajes premiados en España

La disminución de costes de la tecnología digital y la masificación de Internet han supuesto un aumento en la cantidad de realizadores que pueden producir un cortometraje. Esto significa que la hegemonía del discurso audiovisual está moviéndose desde las grandes empresas mediáticas hacia los usuarios de la Web. En este campo, la representación de los géneros en las obras audiovisuales se ha estudiado desde la producción de las grandes industrias, por lo que pensamos que es necesario actualizar esa mirada y completar dichas investigaciones incorporando un análisis que involucre a los nuevos productores del discurso que no pertenecen a los grupos hegemónicos. En este trabajo hemos examinado 50 cortometrajes premiados en festivales españoles entre 2009 y 2011, para analizar la representación social de los géneros e identificar las principales líneas discursivas de los realizadores respecto a los roles de hombres y mujeres. La elección de cortometrajes premiados se debe a que en el premio hay un reconocimiento social, lo que nos permite comprender cuál es el discurso mayormente aceptado por la audiencia. A lo largo de nuestro análisis veremos cómo se manifiestan roles diferenciados respecto a hombres y mujeres, e identificaremos las características ideológicas latentes en el discurso, que reflejan las principales representaciones de género de los actuales directores de cortometrajes. En este sentido, nuestra principal hipótesis dice que el acceso a las nuevas tecnologías no sería suficiente para cambiar el discurso social en cuanto a la construcción de identidades, y los esfuerzos por lograr otras condiciones de visibilidad para construir un sujeto social diferente todavía son insuficientes.Acevedo Caradeux, DL. (2014). Análisis crítico multimodal de la representació femenina en cortometrajes premiados en España [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/38616TESI

Social representation of gender in award-winner short films in Spain

The decrease in costs of digital technology and the spread of the Internet has increased the number of filmmakers who can produce a short film, thus changing hegemonies in audiovisual discourse production. In this study we have examined 50 short films to analyze the social representation of gender and identify the main discoursive lines of filmmakers about men and women roles. To this end, we followed the methodological framework proposed by Van Leeuwen (2008) about the representation of social actors. We have identified the latent ideological characteristics in discourse construction that reflect the major gender representations of the current directors of short films.Acevedo Caradeux, DL.; Gil Salom, ML. (2013). Social representation of gender in award-winner short films in Spain. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences. 95:126-135. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.631S1261359

Should phenotype of previous preterm birth influence management of women with short cervix in subsequent pregnancy? Comparison of vaginal progesterone and Arabin pessary

Pessari Arabin; Coll uterí curt; Progesterona vaginalPesario de Arabin; Cuello uterino corto; Progesterona vaginalArabin pessary; Short cervix; Vaginal progesteroneObjective To investigate whether the classification of a previous spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) as preterm labor (PTL) with intact membranes (IM) or as preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) impacts the efficacy of cervical pessary or vaginal progesterone for prevention of sPTB in pregnant women with short cervix on transvaginal ultrasound. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of asymptomatic high‐risk singleton pregnancies with a short cervix and history of sPTB, treated using Arabin pessary or vaginal progesterone for primary PTB prevention, conducted at four European hospitals. A log‐rank test on Kaplan–Meier curves was used to assess the difference in performance of pessary and progesterone, according to history of PTL‐IM or PPROM. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate significant predictors of gestational age at delivery. Results Between 2008 and 2015, 170 women were treated with a pessary and 88 with vaginal progesterone. In women treated with a pessary, rate of sPTB < 34 weeks was 16% in those with a history of PTL‐IM and 55% in those with a history of PPROM. In women treated with progesterone, rate of sPTB < 34 weeks was 13% in those with a history of PTL‐IM and 21% in those with a history of PPROM. Treatment with a pessary resulted in earlier delivery in women with previous PPROM than in any other subgroup (P < 0.0001). Linear regression analysis showed a clear effect of PPROM history (P < 0.0001), combination of PPROM history and treatment (P = 0.0003) and cervical length (P = 0.0004) on gestational age at birth. Conclusions Cervical pessary may be a less efficacious treatment option for women with previous PPROM; however, these results require prospective validation before change in practice is recommended. Phenotype of previous preterm birth may be an important risk predictor and treatment effect modifier; this information should be reported in future clinical trials

Should phenotype of previous preterm birth influence management of women with short cervix in subsequent pregnancy? Comparison of vaginal progesterone and Arabin pessary

Objective: To investigate whether the classification of a previous spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) as preterm labor (PTL) with intact membranes (IM) or as preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) impacts the efficacy of cervical pessary or vaginal progesterone for prevention of sPTB in pregnant women with short cervix on transvaginal ultrasound. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of asymptomatic high-risk singleton pregnancies with a short cervix and history of sPTB, treated using Arabin pessary or vaginal progesterone for primary PTB prevention, conducted at four European hospitals. A log-rank test on Kaplan-Meier curves was used to assess the difference in performance of pessary and progesterone, according to history of PTL-IM or PPROM. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate significant predictors of gestational age at delivery. Results: Between 2008 and 2015, 170 women were treated with a pessary and 88 with vaginal progesterone. In women treated with a pessary, rate of sPTB < 34 weeks was 16% in those with a history of PTL-IM and 55% in those with a history of PPROM. In women treated with progesterone, rate of sPTB < 34 weeks was 13% in those with a history of PTL-IM and 21% in those with a history of PPROM. Treatment with a pessary resulted in earlier delivery in women with previous PPROM than in any other subgroup (P < 0.0001). Linear regression analysis showed a clear effect of PPROM history (P < 0.0001), combination of PPROM history and treatment (P = 0.0003) and cervical length (P = 0.0004) on gestational age at birth. Conclusions: Cervical pessary may be a less efficacious treatment option for women with previous PPROM; however, these results require prospective validation before change in practice is recommended. Phenotype of previous preterm birth may be an important risk predictor and treatment effect modifier; this information should be reported in future clinical trials. © 2018 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Pregnancies through oocyte donation. A mini review of pathways involved in placental dysfunction

Pregnancies resulting from assisted reproductive techniques (ART) are increasingly prevalent worldwide. While most pregnancies conceived through in-vitro fertilization (IVF) progress without complications, mounting evidence suggests that these pregnancies are at a heightened risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Specifically, IVF pregnancies involving oocyte donation have garnered attention due to numerous reports indicating an elevated risk profile for pregnancy-related complications within this subgroup of patients. The precise mechanisms contributing to this increased risk of complications remain incompletely understood. Nonetheless, it is likely that they are mediated by an abnormal immune response at the fetal–maternal interface. Additionally, these outcomes may be influenced by baseline patient characteristics, such as the etiology of infertility, absence of corpus luteum, and variations in endometrial preparation protocols, among other factors. This review aims to succinctly summarize the most widely accepted mechanisms that potentially contribute to the onset of placental dysfunction in pregnancies conceived through oocyte donation

The performance of risk prediction models for pre-eclampsia using routinely collected maternal characteristics and comparison with models that include specialised tests and with clinical guideline decision rules: a systematic review

Background: Risk prediction models may be valuable to identify women at risk of pre-eclampsia to guide aspirin prophylaxis in early pregnancy. Objective: To assess the performance of ‘simple’ risk models for pre-eclampsia that use routinely collected maternal characteristics; compare with ‘specialised’ models that include specialised tests; and to guideline recommended decision rules. Search strategy: MEDLINE, Embase and PubMed were searched to June 2014. Selection criteria: We included studies that developed or validated pre-eclampsia risk models using maternal characteristics with or without specialised tests and reported model performance. Data collection and analysis: We extracted data on study characteristics; model predictors, validation and performance including area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity. Main results: We identified 29 studies that developed 70 models including 22 simple models. Studies included 151–9149 women with a pre-eclampsia prevalence of 1.2–9.5%. No single predictor was included in all models. Four simple models were externally validated, with a model using parity, pre-eclampsia history, race, chronic hypertension and conception method to predict early-onset pre-eclampsia achieving the highest AUC (0.76, 95% CI 0.74–0.77). Nine studies comparing simple versus specialized models in the same population reported AUC favouring specialised models. A simple model achieved fewer false positives than a guideline recommended risk factor list, but sensitivity to classify risk for aspirin prophylaxis was not assessed. Conclusion: Validated simple pre-eclampsia risk models demonstrate good risk discrimination that can be improved with specialised tests. Further research is needed to determine their clinical value to guide aspirin prophylaxis compared with decision rules