A organização geográfica do terreiro de candomblé contribuindo para ensino da geografia

Esse artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa realizada sobre formação de professores e o ensino da geografia. O seu objetivo é descrever a organização do espaço geográfico sacralizado terreiro de candomblé, religião de matriz africana, bem como apresentá-lo como interface “espaço natural” e “espaço urbano”, destacando a importância da geografia para a prática religiosa no Candomblé e para o ensino da geografia. A partir de uma abordagem etnográfica, refletimos a respeito dos espaços do terreiro de candomblé Ilê Axé Ijexá Orixá Olufon, localizado no bairro Santa Inês, em Itabuna, Bahia. Consideramos sua organização geográfica como elemento pedagógico educativo para o ensino da geografia. Podemos destacar que o terreiro utiliza-se de elementos da geografia, contribuindo como fonte de pesquisa, estudo e ensino, bem como sínteses de religiosidade, colaborando para manter e recriar tradições e culturas afro-brasileiras. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Educação no terreiro; redes educativas; africanidade; espaço geográfico; geografia cultural

Body-checking and its association with nutritional status in young adults

Background The body-checking is a frequent behavior observed in young adults. It is associated with body dissatisfaction and inappropriate eating attitudes. However, its association with nutritional status remains unclear. Objectives This study aimed to assess the association between body-checking behavior and nutritional status. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with 587 (311 men) undergraduate students from the city of Juiz de Fora – Minas Gerais. The frequency of body-checking behavior was assessed by Body Checking Questionnaire and Male Body Checking Questionnaire; and inappropriate eating attitudes by Eating Attitudes Test-26. Body weight and height were self-reported. Descriptive, Chi-square test of association and Multiple Correspondence Analysis were done, adopting a statistical significant level of 5%. Results Association was found between body-checking behavior, nutritional status and gender (c2 (64) = 3219.88; p < 0.001). The Multiple Correspondence Analysis demonstrated association between the nutritional status categories low weight, eutrophia and overweight conjointly with low and moderate body-checking categories. Obesity and high body-checking, in turn, were inversely associated. Discussion There was an association between nutritional status and the frequency of body-checking behaviors in young adults of both genders. Body-checking is a behavior that deserves attention and monitoring in epidemiological and clinical practices

A Tale of 3 Dwarfs: No Extreme Cluster Formation in Extreme Star-Forming Galaxies

Nearly all current simulations predict that outcomes of the star formation process, such as the fraction of stars that form in bound clusters (Gamma), depend on the intensity of star formation activity (SigmaSFR) in the host galaxy. The exact shape and strength of the predicted correlations, however, vary from simulation to simulation. Observational results also remain unclear at this time, because most works have mixed estimates made from very young clusters for galaxies with higher SigmaSFR with those from older clusters for galaxies with lower SigmaSFR. The three blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxies ESO185-IG13, ESO338-IG04, and Haro11 have played a central role on the observational side because they have some of the highest known SigmaSFR and published values of Gamma. We present new estimates of Gamma for these BCDs in three age intervals (1-10 Myr, 10-100 Myr, 100-400 Myr), based on age-dating which includes Halpha photometry to better discriminate between clusters younger and older than ~10 Myr. We find significantly lower values for Gamma (1-10 Myr) than published previously. The likely reason for the discrepancy is that previous estimates appear to be based on age-reddening results that underestimated ages and overestimated reddening for many clusters, artificially boosting Gamma (1-10 Myr). We also find that fewer stars remain in clusters over time, with ~15-39% in 1-10 Myr, ~5-7% in 10-100 Myr, and ~1-2% in 100-400 Myr clusters. We find no evidence that Gamma increases with SigmaSFR. These results imply that cluster formation efficiency does not vary with star formation intensity in the host galaxy. If confirmed, our results will help guide future assumptions in galaxy-scale simulations of cluster formation and evolution.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap

Probing Interstellar Grain Growth through Polarimetry in the Taurus Cloud Complex

The optical and near-infrared (OIR) polarization of starlight is typically understood to arise from the dichroicextinction of that light by dust grains whose axes are aligned with respect to a local magnetic field. The sizedistribution of the aligned grain population can be constrained by measurements of the wavelength dependence of the polarization. The leading physical model for producing the alignment is that of radiative alignment torques (RAT), which predicts that the most efficiently aligned grains are those with sizes larger than the wavelengths of light composing the local radiation field. Therefore, for a given grain size distribution, the wavelength at which the polarization reaches a maximum (max) should correlate with the characteristic reddening along the line of sight between the dust grains and the illumination source. A correlation between max and reddening has been previously established for extinctions up to AV 4 mag. We extend the study of this relationship to a larger sample of stars in the Taurus cloud complex, including extinctions AV > 10 mag. We confirm the earlier results for AV </p

Body satisfaction associated to body fat and nutritional state in young basketball players

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar e verificar a possibilidade de associação entre a satisfação corporal (SC), classificações de estado nutricional (EN) e gordura corporal (GC) em jovens basquetebolistas masculinos. Participaram da pesquisa 93 adolescentes com idades de 10 a 16 anos. A SC foi avaliada pelo Body Shape Questionnaire. Foram coletadas massa corporal, estatura e dobras cutâneas para classificar o EN (kg/m²) e medir a GC, respectivamente. Realizaram-se os testes Ancova e Qui-quadrado no "software" SPSS 17.0. Identificaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p &lt; 0,05) de SC entre classificações de EN e GC. Encontrou-se associação significativa (p &lt; 0,05) entre SC e EN, assim como entre SC e GC (p &lt; 0,05). Os resultados confirmaram diferenças e associação da SC com o EN e GC em jovens basquetebolistas.The objective of this study was to compare and verify the possibility of association between body satisfaction (IC), classifications nutritional status (EN) and body fat (BF) in young basketball players male. 63 teens aged 10 to 16 years participated in the survey. The IC was evaluated by through the Body Shape Questionnaire. We collected body mass, height and skinfolds to classification the EN (kg / m²) and measure BF, respectively. ANCOVA and chi-square tests were performed using SPSS 17.0. It was identified statistically significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) between the IC ratings EN and BF. A significant association (p &lt; 0.05) between IC and EN was found as well as between IC and BF (p &lt; 0.05). The results confirmed the association of IC and differences with EN and BF on basketball

Body image of adolescents in rural cities

The scope of this article is to evaluate the body image of adolescents from rural cities and its relationship with nutritional status, sex and the adolescent phase. Adolescents of both sexes participated in the cross-sectional study. Body image was evaluated through the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Figure Rating Scale (FRS) for adolescents. Weight and height were measured for the evaluation of body mass index (BMI). Stages of adolescence were classified by age. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted. Four hundred and forty-five adolescents (190 boys and 255 girls), with a mean age of 16.44 comprised the sample. Higher risk of body dissatisfaction was found among overweight and obese participants (BSQ: OR = 3.359 p < 0.001; ESA: OR = 1.572 p = 0.387) and the female sex (BSQ: OR = 3.694 p < 0.001; ESA: OR = 0.922, p = 0.840). Participants from the intermediary and final stages of adolescence revealed a lesser risk of dissatisfaction compared to those from the initial phase. Body dissatisfaction was related to overweight and obesity, to the female sex and to the initial period of adolescence. Intervention research is required to control the factors that influence excessive adolescent body dissatisfaction.O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a imagem corporal de adolescentes de cidades rurais e suas relações com o estado nutricional, sexo e período da adolescência. Estudo transversal com adolescentes de ambos os sexos. A imagem corporal foi avaliada pelo Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) e pela Escala de Silhuetas para Adolescentes (ESA). O peso e a estatura foram aferidos para o cálculo do índice de massa corporal. O período da adolescência foi classificado de acordo com a idade. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais. A amostra foi composta por 445 adolescentes (190 meninos e 255 meninas) com idade média de 16,44 anos. Maior risco de insatisfação corporal foi encontrado entre os participantes com sobrepeso e obesidade (BSQ: OR = 3,359 p < 0,001; ESA: OR = 1,572 p = 0,387) e sexo feminino (BSQ: OR = 3,694 p < 0,001; ESA: OR = 0,922, p = 0,840). Os participantes nos períodos intermediário e final da adolescência apresentaram menores riscos de insatisfação quando comparados àqueles no período inicial. A insatisfação corporal relacionou-se com sobrepeso, com sexo feminino e com período inicial da adolescência. Pesquisas de intervenção são necessárias para controlar os fatores que influenciam a insatisfação corporal excessiva dos adolescentes

Arp 220: A Post-starburst Galaxy with Little Current Star Formation outside of Its Nuclear Disks

The ultraluminous infrared galaxy Arp 220 is a late-stage merger with several tidal structures in the outskirts and two very compact, dusty nuclei that show evidence for extreme star formation and host at least one active galactic nucleus (AGN). New and archival high-resolution images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope provide a state-of-the-art view of the structures, dust, and stellar clusters in Arp 220. These images cover the near-ultraviolet, optical, and near-infrared in both broad- and narrowband filters. We find that ∼90% of the H α emission arises from a shock-ionized bubble emanating from the AGN in the western nucleus, while the nuclear disks dominate the Pa β emission. Four very young (∼3–6 Myr) but lower-mass (≲10 ^4 M _⊙ ) clusters are detected in H α within a few arcseconds of the nuclei, but they produce less than 1% of the line emission. We see little evidence for a population of massive clusters younger than 100 Myr anywhere in Arp 220, unlike previous reports in the literature. From the masses and ages of the detected clusters, we find that star formation took place more or less continuously starting approximately a few gigayears ago with a moderate rate between ≈3 and 12 M _⊙ yr ^−1 . Approximately 100 Myr ago, star formation shut off suddenly everywhere (possibly due to a merging event), except in the nuclear disks. A very recent flicker of weak star formation produced the four young, low-mass clusters, while the rest of the galaxy appears to have remained in a post-starburst state. Cluster ages indicate that the tidal structures on the west side of the galaxy are older than those on the east side, but all appear to predate the shutoff of star formation. Arp 220 has many of the characteristics expected of a “shocked post-starburst galaxy,” since most of the system has been in a post-starburst state for the past ∼100 Myr and the detected H α emission arises from shocked rather than photoionized gas

Utilização da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico na obtenção de índices radiomorfométricos – Revisão de Literatura

Diferentes índices quantitativos e qualitativos são utilizados para mensurar a qualidade óssea em radiografia panorâmicas, e são denominados, índices radiomorfométricos. Esses índices são propostos como ferramentas de rastreio da baixa densidade mineral óssea e da osteoporose, sendo considerados como métodos alternativos. Atualmente pesquisadores têm utilizado esses índices em tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico (TCFC), com o intuito de verificar se esse exame também pode ser utilizado para busca de pacientes com baixa densidade mineral óssea. O objetivo desse estudo, foi fazer uma revisão de literatura a respeito do uso da TCFC para a obtenção dos índices. Foram selecionados trabalhos que abordaram o uso da TCFC e índices radiomorfométricos para análise da qualidade óssea. Conclui-se que os índices radiomorfométricos podem ser obtidos em exames de TCFC, porém mais estudos são necessários devido a variabilidade de metodologias e parâmetros.