Dark Energy Survey Year 3 results: Galaxy-halo connection from galaxy-galaxy lensing

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, los autores pertenecientes a la UAM y el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si lo hubiereThis is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society following peer review. The version of record Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 509.3 (2022): 3119-3147 is available online at: https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/509/3/3119/6425763?redirectedFrom=fulltextGalaxy-galaxy lensing is a powerful probe of the connection between galaxies and their host dark matter haloes, which is important both for galaxy evolution and cosmology. We extend the measurement and modelling of the galaxy-galaxy lensing signal in the recent Dark Energy Survey Year 3 cosmology analysis to the highly non-linear scales (100 kpc). This extension enables us to study the galaxy-halo connection via a Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) framework for the two lens samples used in the cosmology analysis: a luminous red galaxy sample (redmagic) and a magnitude-limited galaxy sample (maglim). We find that redmagic (maglim) galaxies typically live in dark matter haloes of mass log10(Mh/M) ≈ 13.7 which is roughly constant over redshift (13.3-13.5 depending on redshift). We constrain these masses to 15 per cent, approximately 1.5 times improvement over the previous work. We also constrain the linear galaxy bias more than five times better than what is inferred by the cosmological scales only. We find the satellite fraction for redmagic (maglim) to be 0.1-0.2 (0.1-0.3) with no clear trend in redshift. Our constraints on these halo properties are broadly consistent with other available estimates from previous work, large-scale constraints, and simulations. The framework built in this paper will be used for future HOD studies with other galaxy samples and extensions for cosmological analyse

New horizons for fundamental physics with LISA

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMThe Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) has the potential to reveal wonders about the fundamental theory of nature at play in the extreme gravity regime, where the gravitational interaction is both strong and dynamical. In this white paper, the Fundamental Physics Working Group of the LISA Consortium summarizes the current topics in fundamental physics where LISA observations of gravitational waves can be expected to provide key input. We provide the briefest of reviews to then delineate avenues for future research directions and to discuss connections between this working group, other working groups and the consortium work package teams. These connections must be developed for LISA to live up to its science potential in these area

Dark energy survey year 3 results: deep field optical + near-infrared images and catalogue

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMWe describe the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Deep Fields, a set of images and associated multiwavelength catalogue (ugrizJHKs) built from Dark Energy Camera (DECam) and Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) data. The DES Deep Fields comprise 11 fields (10 DES supernova fields plus COSMOS), with a total area of ∼30 sq. deg. in ugriz bands and reaching a maximum i-band depth of 26.75 (AB, 10σ, 2 arcsec). We present a catalogue for the DES 3-yr cosmology analysis of those four fields with full 8-band coverage, totalling 5.88 sq. deg. after masking. Numbering 2.8 million objects (1.6 million post-masking), our catalogue is drawn from images coadded to consistent depths of r = 25.7, i = 25, and z = 24.3 mag. We use a new model-fitting code, built upon established methods, to deblend sources and ensure consistent colours across the u-band to Ks-band wavelength range. We further detail the tight control we maintain over the point-spread function modelling required for the model fitting, astrometry and consistency of photometry between the four fields. The catalogue allows us to perform a careful star-galaxy separation and produces excellent photometric redshift performance (NMAD = 0.023 at i < 23). The Deep-Fields catalogue will be made available as part of the cosmology data products release, following the completion of the DES 3-yr weak lensing and galaxy clustering cosmology wor

Associations between objectively measured and self‐reported sleep with academic and cognitive performance in adolescents: DADOS study

Adequate sleep has been positively related with health and school achievement out-comes during adolescence. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations ofobjectively measured and self‐reported sleep duration and quality with academic andcognitive performance in adolescents. This study was conducted with 257 adolescents(13.9 ± 0.3 years) from the DADOS study (Deporte, ADOlescencia y Salud). Objec-tively measured and self‐reported sleep duration and quality were obtained by a wrist‐worn GENEActiv accelerometer and the Spanish version of Pittsburgh Sleep QualityIndex questionnaire, respectively. Academic performance was analysed through schoolrecords using four indicators: math, language, science and grade point average score.Cognitive performance was measured using the Spanish version of the“SRA Test ofEducational Ability”. After Benjamini–Hochberg correction for the false discovery rate,objectively measured sleep duration was negatively associated with verbal ability (β=−0.179,p= .004), whilst self‐reported sleep quality was positively associated withacademic performance (βranging from 0.209 to 0.273; allp<.001). These associationsremained significant after further controlling for physical fitness and physical activity.Conversely, there were no associations between self‐reported sleep duration andobjective sleep quality with academic and cognitive performance. Our findings fit inline with previous research showing that sleep quality may play an important role onadolescents’academic performance. Further interventional research is needed to clar-ify the mechanisms by which sleep is related to academic performance in youth

High-Chromium (9-12Cr) Steels: Creep Enhancement by Conventional Thermomechanical Treatments

There is a worldwide need to develop materials for advanced power plants with steam temperatures of 700°C and above which have the capacity to achieve high efficiency and low CO2 emissions. This request involves the development of new grades of 9-12Cr heat-resistant steels, with a nanostructured martensite, mainly focusing on the long-term creep rupture strength of base metal and welded joints, creep-fatigue properties, and microstructure evolution during exposure at such elevated temperatures. The main shortcomings of actual 9-12Cr high-chromium steels are that the creep resistance is not enough to fulfill the engineering requirements at temperatures higher than 600°C and the material undergoes a cyclic softening. Creep strength at high temperature could be improved by a microstructural optimization through nano-precipitation, guided by computational thermodynamics, and thermomechanical control process optimization

Organocatalytic Stereoselective α-Formylation of Ketones

We have described the first organocatalytic stereoselective formylation of ketones accomplished by the use of N-methybenzothiazolylium iodide. The benzothiazolium salt, generally used as a masked formyl group or as precursor of carbenes,[31] is quite electrophilic and react with enamines formed in situ. Both moderate yield and high stereoselectivity were obtained with different ketones

A phase II study of retifanlimab (INCMGA00012) in patients with squamous carcinoma of the anal canal who have progressed following platinum-based chemotherapy (POD1UM-202)

PD-L1 inhibitor; Anal cancer; RetifanlimabInhibidor de PD-L1; Cáncer anal; RetifanlimabInhibidor de PD-L1; Càncer anal; RetifanlimabBackground Locally advanced or metastatic squamous carcinoma of the anal canal (SCAC) has poor prognosis following platinum-based chemotherapy. Retifanlimab (INCMGA00012), a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting programmed death protein-1 (PD-1), demonstrated clinical activity across a range of solid tumors in clinical trials. We present results from POD1UM-202 (NCT03597295), an open-label, single-arm, multicenter, phase II study evaluating retifanlimab in patients with previously treated advanced or metastatic SCAC. Patients and methods Patients ≥18 years of age had measurable disease and had progressed following, or were ineligible for, platinum-based therapy. Retifanlimab 500 mg was administered intravenously every 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) by independent central review. Secondary endpoints were duration of response (DOR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Results Overall, 94 patients were enrolled. At a median follow-up of 7.1 months (range, 0.9-19.4 months), ORR was 13.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 7.6% to 22.5%], with one complete response (1.1%) and 12 partial responses (12.8%). Responses were observed regardless of human immunodeficiency virus or human papillomavirus status, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, or liver metastases. Stable disease was observed in 33 patients (35.1%) for a DCR of 48.9% (95% CI 38.5% to 59.5%). Median DOR was 9.5 months (range, 5.6 months-not estimable). Median (95% CI) PFS and OS were 2.3 (1.9-3.6) and 10.1 (7.9-not estimable) months, respectively. Retifanlimab safety in this population was consistent with previous experience for the PD-(L)1 inhibitor class. Conclusions Retifanlimab demonstrated clinically meaningful and durable antitumor activity, and an acceptable safety profile in patients with previously treated locally advanced or metastatic SCAC who have progressed on or are intolerant to platinum-based chemotherapy.This work was supported by Incyte Corporation (Wilmington, DE, USA) (no grant number)

Cabozantinib for previously treated radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer: Updated results from the phase 3 COSMIC-311 trial

Cabozantinib; Differentiated thyroid cancer; Tyrosine kinase inhibitorCabozantinib; Cáncer de tiroides diferenciado; Inhibidor de la tirosina quinasaCabozantinib; Càncer de tiroides diferenciat; Inhibidor de la tirosina quinasaBackground At an interim analysis (median follow-up, 6.2 months; n = 187), the phase 3 COSMIC-311 trial met the primary end point of progression-free survival (PFS): cabozantinib improved PFS versus a placebo (median, not reached vs. 1.9 months; p < .0001) in patients with previously treated radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIR-DTC). The results from an exploratory analysis using an extended datacut are presented. Methods Patients 16 years old or older with RAIR-DTC who progressed on prior lenvatinib and/or sorafenib were randomized 2:1 to oral cabozantinib tablets (60 mg/day) or a placebo. Placebo patients could cross over to open-label cabozantinib upon radiographic disease progression. The objective response rate (ORR) in the first 100 randomized patients and the PFS in the intent-to-treat population, both according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 by blinded, independent review, were the primary end points. Results At the data cutoff (February 8, 2021), 258 patients had been randomized (cabozantinib, n = 170; placebo, n = 88); the median follow-up was 10.1 months. The median PFS was 11.0 months (96% confidence interval [CI], 7.4–13.8 months) for cabozantinib and 1.9 months (96% CI, 1.9–3.7 months) for the placebo (hazard ratio, 0.22; 96% CI, 0.15–0.32; p < .0001). The ORR was 11.0% (95% CI, 6.9%–16.9%) versus 0% (95% CI, 0.0%–4.1%) (p = .0003) with one complete response with cabozantinib. Forty placebo patients crossed over to open-label cabozantinib. Grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 62% and 28% of the cabozantinib- and placebo-treated patients, respectively; the most common were hypertension (12% vs. 2%), palmar–plantar erythrodysesthesia (10% vs. 0%), and fatigue (9% vs. 0%). There were no grade 5 treatment-related events. Conclusions At extended follow-up, cabozantinib maintained superior efficacy over a placebo in patients with previously treated RAIR-DTC with no new safety signals.This study was sponsored by Exelixis, Inc., (Alameda, California). We thank the patients and their families, the investigators, and the site staff. Writing and editorial assistance was provided by Alexus Rivas, PharmD, and Michael Raffin (Fishawack Communications, a part of Fishawack Health, Conshohocken, Pennsylvania) and was funded by Exelixis