Organocatalytic Stereoselective α-Formylation of Ketones

We have described the first organocatalytic stereoselective formylation of ketones accomplished by the use of N-methybenzothiazolylium iodide. The benzothiazolium salt, generally used as a masked formyl group or as precursor of carbenes,[31] is quite electrophilic and react with enamines formed in situ. Both moderate yield and high stereoselectivity were obtained with different ketones

Regular practice of competitive sports does not impair sleep in adolescents: DADOS study

Purpose: To analyze differences in sleep quality and duration by athletic status and sex, and to examine the association between physical activity (PA) recommendation and sleep in adolescents. Methods: A total of 267 adolescents [13.9 (0.3) y] from Deporte, ADOlescencia y Salud (DADOS) study (129 girls) were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Athletes competed regularly in organized sport events and trained =3 days per week, but nonathletes did not compete. PA was assessed by GENEActiv accelerometer. PA values were dichotomized into inactive (5 (poor quality) or =5 (good quality). Sleep duration was objectively measured by accelerometer. Results: Sleep quality and duration were not statistically different between athletes [median (Mdn) = 4.0, interquartile range (IQR) = 3.0-6.0 and Mdn = 8.0, IQR = 7.4-8.6 h, respectively] and nonathletes (Mdn = 5.0, IQR = 3.0-7.0 and Mdn = 7.9; IQR = 7.3-8.6 h, respectively), P > .05. Nonathlete or inactive adolescents did not show higher risk for poor sleep quality or short sleep duration than athletes [odds ratio (OR) = 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68-2.00 and OR = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.56-1.55, respectively] or active peers (OR = 1.39; 95% CI, 0.66-2.89 and OR = 1.62; 95% CI, 0.78-3.37, respectively). Conclusions: In our group of adolescents, competitive sport practice did not alter sleep patterns. PA recommendations for adolescents may not discriminate between good and poor sleepers. ¿ 2018 Human Kinetics, Inc

Procesos anatécticos (LP-HT) y heterogeneidad litológica en el Complejo Migmatítico de Mindelo (NW Portugal)

The Mindelo Migmatitic Complex crops out in the coastal zone north of Porto (Portugal) and consists of a set of migmatitic and granitic lithologies. Field relationships, petrography, geochemistry and isotopic signature of the various lithologies allow inferring the sequence of anatectic processes that resulted in their characteristic lithological heterogeneity. The metasedimentary sequences (Schist-Greywacke Complex) show chemical composition and isotopic signature identical to the metatexites. Therefore, it is suggested to be the protolith of Mindelo Migmatite Complex lithologies. The melting has occurred in several structural levels and thus at different pressure and temperature conditions, resulting in rocks with specific characteristics. In shallow levels (<3.5 kbar) metatexites are formed essentially by fluid-present partial melting followed by fluid-absent incongruent biotite melting producing peritectic cordierite, quartz, plagioclase and minor amounts of K-feldspar. The melt segregation led to its crystallization in dilatant sites forming masses and veins of leucogranite. In slightly deeper levels the melting rate is higher which leads to the formation of diatexites and two mica granites that intruded metatexites. This material rises in the crust and incorporates abundant xenoliths forming a very heterogeneous granitic body. Tourmalinization of granitoids, migmatite and metasediments occurred at subsolidus conditions associated with aplite-pegmatites that cut all the other lithologies. A last aqueous fluid influx led to muscovitization of metatexites,granitoids and metasediments. The migmatization started after the first ductile deformation phase of Variscan Orogeny (D1) and was continuously active during the following stage of deformation and shear (D3). The several pulses of different fluids that affected the Mindelo Migmatitic Complex probably are related to the emplacement of the syn and late- D3 variscan granites. The Mindelo Migmatite Complex represents an example of migmatites formed in low pressure conditions and illustrates some of the reactions involving melting in high grade pelitic rocks and subsequent mineral alterations due to infiltration of late different fluids.El Complejo Migmatítico de Mindelo aflora en la zona costera de Portugal al norte de Oporto y se compone de un conjunto de litologías migmatíticas y graníticas. Las relaciones de campo, petrografía, geoquímica y las lugar a su típica heterogeneidad litológica. La composición química e isotópica de la secuencia metasedimentaria del Complejo Esquisto-Grauváquico es idéntica a la de las metatexitas, lo que sugiere que sea el protolito de las litologías del Complejo de Mindelo. La fusión se ha producido en varios niveles estructurales y por lo tanto en diferentes condiciones de presión y temperatura, dando lugar a rocas con características específicas: i) en niveles relativamente superficiales (<3,5 kbar), las metatexitas se forman principalmente por fusión parcial húmeda seguida de fusión incongruente de biotita produciendo cordierita peritéctica, cuarzo, plagioclasa y cantidades menores de feldespato potásico. Los leucogranitos y venas de leucogranito son consecuencia de la migración de leucosomas. En niveles ligeramente más profundas la tasa de fusión es superior, lo que conduce a la formación de diatexitas y de granitos de dos micas que intruyen a las metatexitas. Este material se eleva en la corteza e incorpora abundantes xenolitas formando un cuerpo granítico muy heterogéneo. La turmalinización de leucogranitos, granitos de dos micas, migmatitas y metasedimentos tuvo lugar en condiciones subsolidus, asociada a aplitas/pegmatitas que cortan al resto de litologías. Una última entrada de fluidos acuosos condujo a la moscovitización de metatexitas, granitoides y metasedimentos. La migmatización comenzó después de la fase de engrosamiento cortical de la Orogenia Varisca y estuvo activa durante la siguiente etapa de deformación y cizalla. Los pulsos de diferentes fluidos que afectaron el Complejo Migmatítico de Mindelo probablemente están relacionados con el emplazamiento de los cuerpos graníticos sin y tardi -D3. El Complejo Migmatítico de Mindelo representa un ejemplo de migmatitas formadas en condiciones de baja presión e ilustra algunas de las reacciones que implican la fusión de rocas pelíticas en alto grado y sus alteraciones minerales posteriores debido a la infiltración de diferentes tipos de fluidos

The natural capital of temporary rivers: characterising the value of dynamic aquatic-terrestrial habitats. Valuing Nature Natural Capital Synthesis Reports, VNP12

Temporary rivers naturally transition between flowing, pool and dry states, creating aquatic–terrestrial habitat mosaics that change in space and time. These dynamic habitats are common in the UK's cool, wet climate. Here, they take many forms, from headwater streams that may dominate networks in remote uplands, to winterbourne rivers crossing the chalk of south England. We examine published and unpublished sources to provide an evidence-informed characterisation of the natural assets in temporary rivers

Unravelling opportunities, synergies, and barriers for enhancing silvopastoralism in the Mediterranean

Silvopastoral systems combine wood perennials with forage and livestock. These multipurpose wood-pasture habitats represent an important part of European bio-cultural and ecological heritage. However, their gradual disappearance due to processes of farm abandonment and intensification as well as forestry abandonment threatens biodiversity conservation and bio-cultural heritages. The behaviours of forest owners and livestock farmers determine the success of silvopastoral systems since a productive coherence between forest management and livestock grazing is required for their optimal functioning. In this study, we investigate the livestock farmers’ and forest owners’ attitudes and opinions towards wood pasture grazing and their relationship with structural factors and farming objectives in two Spanish regions. We used data collected through surveys to identify opportunities, synergies, and barriers in the integration of these actors in joint silvopastoralism. The results reveal a relationship between production objectives and positive attitudes towards silvopastoralism and the environmental functions provided by this activity, in both farmers and forest owners. Cattle farmers express a greater economic interest in wood pastures, as compared to sheep farmers who perceive more difficulties in using them. Acknowledgement of the role of grazing in landscape maintenance is positively correlated with a wide spectrum of objectives of forest owners, from the economic-productivist to the more altruistic profiles. The most synergies are found between cattle farmers and small forest owners for joint silvopastoral management. However, the incorporation of sheep grazing is advisable for the sustainable management of these systems, and hence additional efforts may be required to integrate such farming systems into silvopastoral management. As it currently stands, the EU Common Agricultural Policy appears to be inadequate for maintaining silvopastoral systems.The research leading to these results received funding from the Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) (Spain) under Grant Agreement No RTA-2017-00036-C01-0

Servicio de sistemas personalizados de dosificación: coste del servicio frente al margen de los medicamentos

Introducción: La preparación de sistemas personalizados de dosificación (SPD) dentro del servicio de seguimiento farmacoterapéutico (SFT) ha demostrado ser un instrumento que mejora la adherencia terapéutica del paciente. Para la valoración de su remuneración se analiza el coste de este servicio y si el margen de los medicamentos dispensados e incluidos en el SPD cubre su prestación. Objetivos: Establecer un análisis de costes del servicio; averiguar si, en pacientes polimedicados tipo, el margen de los medicamentos incluidos en el SPD cubre los costes, y conocer el número de medicamentos que deberían incluirse cuyo margen cubra la prestación del servicio. Material y métodos: Para el análisis del coste del servicio, se ha considerado el coste de la preparación del SPD y de la intervención farmacéutica más el coste directo del material utilizado. En el análisis de pacientes reales, se ha calculado el margen de los medicamentos incluidos en el SPD y se ha comparado con el coste calculado de la prestación del servicio. Para el análisis del número de medicamentos, se ha tomado como referencia el precio medio de los medicamentos dispensados al CatSalut y el margen medio actual. Resultados: El coste del servicio por paciente y mes (4 semanas) se ha estimado en 19,85 euros. Se necesitarían un mínimo de 8 medicamentos para cubrir este coste. Conclusiones: A partir de los casos analizados, se concluye que es muy difícil cubrir el coste del servicio con el margen de los medicamentos dispensados e incluidos en el SPD. La remuneración debe considerar otros aspectos tras evaluar la eficiencia del servicio

Servicio de sistemas personalizados de dosificación: coste del servicio frente al margen de los medicamentos

Introducción: La preparación de sistemas personalizados de dosificación (SPD) dentro del servicio de seguimiento farmacoterapéutico (SFT) ha demostrado ser un instrumento que mejora la adherencia terapéutica del paciente. Para la valoración de su remuneración se analiza el coste de este servicio y si el margen de los medicamentos dispensados e incluidos en el SPD cubre su prestación. Objetivos: Establecer un análisis de costes del servicio; averiguar si, en pacientes polimedicados tipo, el margen de los medicamentos incluidos en el SPD cubre los costes, y conocer el número de medicamentos que deberían incluirse cuyo margen cubra la prestación del servicio. Material y métodos: Para el análisis del coste del servicio, se ha considerado el coste de la preparación del SPD y de la intervención farmacéutica más el coste directo del material utilizado. En el análisis de pacientes reales, se ha calculado el margen de los medicamentos incluidos en el SPD y se ha comparado con el coste calculado de la prestación del servicio. Para el análisis del número de medicamentos, se ha tomado como referencia el precio medio de los medicamentos dispensados al CatSalut y el margen medio actual. Resultados: El coste del servicio por paciente y mes (4 semanas) se ha estimado en 19,85 euros. Se necesitarían un mínimo de 8 medicamentos para cubrir este coste. Conclusiones: A partir de los casos analizados, se concluye que es muy difícil cubrir el coste del servicio con el margen de los medicamentos dispensados e incluidos en el SPD. La remuneración debe considerar otros aspectos tras evaluar la eficiencia del servicio

Expediting DECam multimessenger counterpart searches with convolutional neural networks

Searches for counterparts to multimessenger events with optical imagers use difference imaging to detect new transient sources. However, even with existing artifact-detection algorithms, this process simultaneously returns several classes of false positives: false detections from poor-quality image subtractions, false detections from low signal-to-noise images, and detections of preexisting variable sources. Currently, human visual inspection to remove the false positives is a central part of multimessenger follow-up observations, but when next generation gravitational wave and neutrino detectors come online and increase the rate of multimessenger events, the visual inspection process will be prohibitively expensive. We approach this problem with two convolutional neural networks operating on the difference imaging outputs. The first network focuses on removing false detections and demonstrates an accuracy of 92% on our data set. The second network focuses on sorting all real detections by the probability of being a transient source within a host galaxy and distinguishes between various classes of images that previously required additional human inspection. We find the number of images requiring human inspection will decrease by a factor of 1.5 using our approach alone and a factor of 3.6 using our approach in combination with existing algorithms, facilitating rapid multimessenger counterpart identification by the astronomical communit