Social and Semantic Web Technologies for the Text-To-Knowledge Translation Process in Biomedicine

Currently, biomedical research critically depends on knowledge availability for flexible re-analysis and integrative post-processing. The voluminous biological data already stored in databases, put together with the abundant molecular data resulting from the rapid adoption of high-throughput techniques, have shown the potential to generate new biomedical discovery through integration with knowledge from the scientific literature. Reliable information extraction applications have been a long-sought goal of the biomedical text mining community. Both named entity recognition and conceptual analysis are needed in order to map the objects and concepts represented by natural language texts into a rigorous encoding, with direct links to online resources that explicitly expose those concepts semantics (see Figure 1).P08-TIC-4299 of J. ASevilla and TIN2009-13489 of DGICT, Madri

Pertinencia de las remisiones y contra remisiones generadas en la red adscrita de servicios de salud de la ciudad de Manizales Caldas durante el año 2013

Determinar la pertinencia de las Remisiones y Contra remisiones generadas en la red adscrita de Servicios de Salud en la ciudad de Manizales-Caldas durante el año 2013. Caracterizar las remisiones, según oportunidad de la atención, disponibilidad de camas, uso de cama hospitalaria y criterios de gravedad de la remisión, en términos de necesidad, sitio o institución remitente y receptora. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo transversal, tomando como fuente inicialmente la IPS del primer nivel de atención, que tenía servicio de urgencias, con mayor cobertura en la ciudad y luego se incluyeron las IPS de los niveles de complejidad superior, a los cuales fueron remitidos los usuarios, utilizando para este estudio, variables que permitieron establecer y considerar las decisiones acerca de la pertinencia del Régimen de Referencia y Contra referencia. Se revisaron la totalidad de historias clínicas, de las personas que acudieron al servicio de urgencias de la IPS del primer nivel, durante el año 2013, que fueron remitidas a otro nivel de complejidad. Analizando los RIPS del año en mención, se encontró que se remitieron 260 personas. Resultados: El 46 % de las remisiones no fueron pertinentes en la decisión médica. El 53,1% de las remisiones, solicitaron especialidades ofertadas, en su gran mayoría, por un segundo nivel de complejidad, como son Ginecobstetricia, Medicina Interna, Pediatría, Cirugía General, el 43.8% de las remisiones de Assbasalud, demandaron especialidades de tercer nivel de complejidad y 3.2% demandaron especialidades o servicios de cuarto nivel de complejidad. La especialidad más demandada en el rango de edad de 19 a 59 años es Psiquiatría con un 37,4% de demanda. La especialidad más demandada en los mayores de 60 años es la Medicina Interna, y representó el 30 %. El 67,3 % de las remisiones, según la causa de la pertinencia de las remisiones y contra remisiones generadas en la red adscrita de servicios de salud de la ciudad de Manizales-Caldas durante el año 2013; esta misma, fue el requerimiento de tratamiento y valoración por especialista, la segunda causa de remisión, fue la interconsulta con un 16,9 %, la tercera causa de remisión, fue la necesidad de intervención quirúrgica con un 6,2%. En el 45% de todas las solicitudes de remisión no contaron con la disponibilidad de cama inmediata.Determine the relevance of the Referrals and Counter referrals generated in the affiliated network of Health Services in the city of Manizales-Caldas during 2013. Characterize the referrals, according to timing of care, availability of beds, use of hospital bed and criteria severity of the referral, in terms of need, place or sending and receiving institution. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out, initially taking as a source the IPS of the first level of care, which had an emergency service, with greater coverage in the city and then the IPS of higher complexity levels were included, at which users were referred to, using for this study variables that allowed establishing and considering decisions about the relevance of the Reference and Counter-Reference Regime. All the medical records of the people who attended the first-level IPS emergency service during 2013 were reviewed and were referred to another level of complexity. Analyzing the RIPS for the year in question, it was found that 260 people were referred. Results: 46% of the referrals were not relevant in the medical decision. 53.1% of the referrals, requested specialties offered, the vast majority, for a second level of complexity, such as Obstetrics Gynecology, Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, General Surgery, 43.8% of Assbasalud referrals, demanded third-class specialties level of complexity and 3.2% demanded specialties or services of fourth level of complexity. The specialty most in demand in the age range of 19 to 59 years is Psychiatry with a 37.4% demand. The specialty most in demand in people over 60 years is Internal Medicine, and accounted for 30%. 67.3% of the referrals, according to the cause of the relevance of the referrals and against referrals generated in the attached network of health services of the city of Manizales-Caldas during 2013; this same, was the requirement of treatment and evaluation by a specialist, the second cause of remission, was the consultation with 16.9%, the third cause of remission, was the need for surgical intervention with 6.2%. 45% of all referral requests did not have immediate bed availability

Nosological advances in dementias. Characterization of patients with frontotemporal dementia

En la última década se ha dado un marcado avance en el conocimiento de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA), pero no en otras demencias. Es así como las características clínicas y psicométricas de los pacientes con demencia frontotemporal (DFT) -segunda causa de demencias degenerativas primarias-, empiezan a ser descritas en series de casos de los principales centros del mundo, donde se tiene la posibilidad de realizar diagnóstico por consenso por grupos de expertos. Por tal motivo se analizó una muestra de pacientes de la Clínica de Memoria del Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio (Bogotá, Colombia), en donde fueron evaluadas en forma protocolizada 348 personas, de las cuales 45 cumplían criterios de DFT, 259 para EA y 44 eran controles. El análisis estadístico se realizó con la prueba de comparación Kruskal Wallis (significación del 5 por ciento), teniendo como medida de análisis el rango intercuartílico. Todas las diferencias señaladas fueron el producto de pruebas con valores de p< 0.017. Los hallazgos que mejor definían al los pacientes con DFT eran: mayor predominio de hombres (73 por ciento vs. 31 por ciento en los que tenían EA), edad menor (mediana 65 años vs. mediana de 76 años en los que tenían EA), escala comportamental de Columbia más comprometida (mediana de 10 vs. 7 en pacientes con EA y 1 en los controles) y minimental más deteriorado en comparación con el grupo control (mediana de 24 vs. 27) pero mejor que los pacientes que tenían EA (mediana de 24 vs. 20). Estos hallazgos nos ayudan a poder definir mejor el perfil clínico y psicométrico de los pacientes con DFT, pero a su vez nos abren nuevos interrogantes que iremos despejando en la medida en que podamos hacer un seguimiento longitudinal de estas personas.[Cano CA, Ramírez CA. Avances nosológicos de las demencias. Caracterización de los pacientes con demencia frontotemporal. MedUNAB 2004; 7:84-8]In the last decade there has been a marked advance in the knowledge of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but not in other dementias. This is how the clinical and psychometric characteristics of patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) -second cause of primary degenerative dementias-, begin to be described in series of cases from the main centers of the world, where it is possible to perform diagnosis by consensus by expert groups. For this reason, a sample of patients from the Memory Clinic of the San Ignacio University Hospital (Bogotá, Colombia) was analyzed, where 348 people were evaluated in a protocolized way, of which 45 met FTD criteria, 259 for AD and 44 they were controls. Statistical analysis was performed with the Kruskal Wallis comparison test (5% significance), taking the interquartile range as the analysis measure. All the differences indicated were the product of tests with values ​​of p <0.017. The findings that best defined the patients with FTD were: greater predominance of men (73 percent vs. 31 percent in those with AD), younger age (median 65 years vs. median of 76 years in those with AD) , Columbia behavioral scale more compromised (median of 10 vs. 7 in patients with AD and 1 in controls) and minimental more impaired compared to the control group (median of 24 vs. 27) but better than patients who had AD (median of 24 vs. 20). These findings help us to better define the clinical and psychometric profile of patients with FTD, but at the same time they open up new questions that we will clear up to the extent that we can do a longitudinal follow-up of these people. [Cano CA, Ramírez CA . Nosological advances in dementias. Characterization of patients with frontotemporal dementia. MedUNAB 2004; 7: 84-8

Displacement due to armed conflict and violence in childhood and adulthood and its effects on older adult health. The case of the middleincome country of Colombia

Q11-13Large population displacement in developing economies due to internal armed conflict and violence is of international concern. There has been relatively little research on the long-term consequences of displacement on older adult health among populations characterized by rapid demographic, epidemiological, and nutritional transitions during the 20th century. We examine displacement in the middle-income country of Colombia, which experienced these rapid transitions and a large population displacement over the last 50-60 years due to internal armed conflict and violence. Using a nationally representative survey of adults 60 years and older, SABE-Colombia (2014-2015, n = 23,694), we estimate the degree to which displacement relative to those never displaced is associated with older adult health (self-reported health, major illness/stress, at least one chronic condition, heart disease), controlling for age, gender, SES (socioeconomic status), residence, early life conditions (infectious diseases, poor nutrition, health, SES, family violence), and adult behavior (smoking, exercise, nutrition). We found (1) strong associations between poor early life conditions and older adult health with little attenuation of effects after controlling for displacement, adult SES, and lifestyle; (2) strong associations between displacement and self-reported health; along with poor early life conditions, displacement increases the chances of poor health at older ages; (3) significant positive interaction effects between childhood infections and displacement during young adulthood for older adult stress/major illness, suggesting the importance of the timing of displacement; (4) significant interaction effects between childhood infections and being displaced during childhood, indicating lower levels of older adult stress/major illness and suggesting the possibility of resilience due to childhood adversity. We conclude that displacement compounds the effects of poor early life conditions and that timing of displacement can matter. The results raise the possibility of similar patterns in the health of aging populations in lowincome countries that also experience displacement and rapid demographic and epidemiological transitions

Plataforma para el aprendizaje de algoritmos computacionales y su aplicación a las ciencias de la vida

[SPA]Con el avance de las nuevas tecnologías de alto rendimiento de procesamiento (high-throughput), la investigación en el campo de las Biociencias ha sufrido en las últimas décadas un cambio de rumbo por el enorme volumen de resultados biológicos obtenidos. Los resultados van desde el perfil de expresión génica, el análisis de polimorfismos, la creación de mapas metabólicos, la secuenciación de genomas completos, entre ellos el humano, hasta la integración e interpretación de dichos resultados para la cada vez más cercana “medicina personalizada”. Este tipo de investigaciones se realizan en centros de investigación especializados, hospitales, universidades y compañías farmacéuticas, y han producido un enorme aumento, en la última década, de la demanda de profesionales especializados en el análisis de la información biológica producida por estas tecnologías de alto rendimiento, en particular por la tecnología de Microarrays. El EEES impone una nueva metodología en las enseñanzas universitarias en la que resulta fundamental incorporar las nuevas tecnologías e internet como vehículo de formación y experimentación. Este trabajo propone una herramienta web de apoyo a la docencia, tanto en el campo de las Biociencias (Biología, Bioquímica, Farmacia, Medicina, etc), como en el de las Tecnologías de la Información, que permita a los alumnos familiarizarse y experimentar con el análisis de datos biomédicos, en particular de Microarrays. Además, este proyecto pretende crear en los alumnos del campo de Tecnologías de la Información la motivación necesaria para aplicar sus conocimientos en el desarrollo de nuevas aplicaciones informáticas para el análisis e interpretación de este tipo de datos biológicos, contribuyendo a la especialización de estos alumnos hacia uno de los perfiles más demandado tanto en el mundo empresarial como en el de la investigación, el de bioinformático. [ENG]Scientific research in the Life Sciences domain has experienced a huge revolution with the advent of highthroughput technologies. These technologies are producing massive amounts of biomedical data, ranging from gene expression profiles to the sequencing on whole human genomes, enabling new important discoveries and allowing progress towards a personalized medicine. This data is produced and analyzed at research centres, hospitals, universities and pharmaceutical companies. Therefore, the need of highly-qualified proffesionals with a multidisciplinary background in Life Sciences and Computer Science, who are able to analyze these massive amounts of data and interpret the results from a biological perspective, has experienced an exponential raise in the last years. This paper discuss a novel perspective to incorporate Computer Science into Life Science degrees to allow this complementary formation. The EEES imposes a new methodology in university degrees in which it is essential to incorporate the internet and the use of the new technologies as a vehicle for the formation and experimentation. This work presents a web-based tool that supports the teaching of expert algorithms and methods used to analyzed high-throughput biomedical data generated by Microarray Technologies. This web platform is to be used in both the Life Sciences domain (biology, biochemistry, Pharmacy, Medicine, etc.) and the Computer Science domain, and would allow the students to get used to the analyzis of biomedical data from Microarrays. Furthermore, this project pretends to motivate the students from the Computer Science domain so they realize they can apply their knowledge in the development of new software for the analysis of biological data. We believe this contribution is essential for a bioinformatician, a professional profile which is increasingly demanded in the last year by the industry.Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Universidad de Murcia, Región de Murci

COPD In Costa Rican Elder Older Adults and Its Association with Sarcopenia

Background: Sarcopenia is associated with to multiples comorbidities, including moreover those with some degree of inflammation. Chronic inflammatory states generate hypercatabolism and replacement of lean muscle mass for adipose tissue, decreasing muscle strength, power and function leading to disability and dependence. Here we study COPD as an important chronic inflammatory disease Strong associations have been reported between COPD and sarcopenia. The aim of this study is to evaluate the associations of COPD and sarcopenia with clinical outcomes, pulmonary function and health status and mortality. Methods: Data was taken of the CRELES- retirement cohort survey, a longitudinal study taken place in Costa Rica with a representative sample of 2820 elder adults born before 1945. Starting in 2010 with a second wave starting in 2012. The variable ‘presence of sarcopenia in patients with COPD’ was used to identify associations with independent variables (sociodemographic factors, self-rated health, comorbidities, functional status, cognitive status, pulmonary function, hospitalizations and mortality). Results: From a total of 2,827 60-year or older adults, 9.83% (n=278) were categorized as sarcopenic. A total of 18.09% referred as having a lung disease, from which 24.82% had sarcopenia (p=0.002). When grouping with sarcopenia and lung disease status, 74.24% did not had any of the conditions, 15.56% had just lung disease without sarcopenia, 7.67% had only sarcopenia without having lung disease and 2.53% had both conditions. The only group that had a higher risk of mortality was that having both conditions, with a hazard ratio of 1.81 (95% CI 1.27–2.58, p=0.001), after adjusting for age and sex. Conclusions: Older adults with lung disease have a significant higher prevalence of sarcopenia and a higher risk of mortality, than either any of the conditions alone. Special care to older adults with lung disease is important in order to detect sarcopenia and emphasize on those interventions that could impact this condition along with the regular treatment of the lung disease. This in turn could ameliorate prognosis of older adults with both conditions.Completo150-150Background: Sarcopenia is associated with to multiples comorbidities, including moreover those with some degree of inflammation. Chronic inflammatory states generate hypercatabolism and replacement of lean muscle mass for adipose tissue, decreasing muscle strength, power and function leading to disability and dependence. Here we study COPD as an important chronic inflammatory disease Strong associations have been reported between COPD and sarcopenia. The aim of this study is to evaluate the associations of COPD and sarcopenia with clinical outcomes, pulmonary function and health status and mortality. Methods: Data was taken of the CRELES- retirement cohort survey, a longitudinal study taken place in Costa Rica with a representative sample of 2820 elder adults born before 1945. Starting in 2010 with a second wave starting in 2012. The variable ‘presence of sarcopenia in patients with COPD’ was used to identify associations with independent variables (sociodemographic factors, self-rated health, comorbidities, functional status, cognitive status, pulmonary function, hospitalizations and mortality). Results: From a total of 2,827 60-year or older adults, 9.83% (n=278) were categorized as sarcopenic. A total of 18.09% referred as having a lung disease, from which 24.82% had sarcopenia (p=0.002). When grouping with sarcopenia and lung disease status, 74.24% did not had any of the conditions, 15.56% had just lung disease without sarcopenia, 7.67% had only sarcopenia without having lung disease and 2.53% had both conditions. The only group that had a higher risk of mortality was that having both conditions, with a hazard ratio of 1.81 (95% CI 1.27–2.58, p=0.001), after adjusting for age and sex. Conclusions: Older adults with lung disease have a significant higher prevalence of sarcopenia and a higher risk of mortality, than either any of the conditions alone. Special care to older adults with lung disease is important in order to detect sarcopenia and emphasize on those interventions that could impact this condition along with the regular treatment of the lung disease. This in turn could ameliorate prognosis of older adults with both conditions

Validación de la encuesta “Envejecimiento Saludable”. Estudio realizado en Colombia. 2014 – 2015

Introducción. Para orientar la acción de las políticas sobre vejez, así como los programas y atenciones en salud dirigidos a las personas mayores es necesario identificar condiciones y procesos de cambio que favorecen el envejecimiento saludable. A partir de las investigaciones y discusiones sobre el tema es evidente que hay vacíos en el conocimiento de los procesos de envejecimiento saludable, en particular en países de América Latina tema, y más aún en los países africanos (Almeida, O. P., et al. 2006; Britton, A., 2008; Bowling, A. 2005; Eisenberg, R. 2014; Kapteyn, A. 2010; Strawbridge, W. J. 1996; Von Faber, M. et al. 2001).Adulto mayorBogotáhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5680-788

Glucose Levels as a Mediator of the Detrimental E ect of Abdominal Obesity on Relative Handgrip Strength in Older Adults

Excess central adiposity accelerates the decline of muscle strength in older people. Additionally, hyperglycemia, independent of associated comorbidities, is related to the loss of muscle mass and strength, and contributes to functional impairment in older adults. We studied the mediation e ect of glucose levels, in the relationship between abdominal obesity and relative handgrip strength (HGS). A total of 1571 participants (60.0% women, mean age 69.1 7.0 years) from 86 municipalities were selected following a multistage area probability sampling design. Measurements included demographic and anthropometric/adiposity markers (weight, height, body mass index, and waist circumference). HGS was measured using a digital dynamometer for three sets and the mean value was recorded. The values were normalized to body weight (relative HGS). Fasting glucose was analyzed by enzymatic colorimetric methods. Mediation analyses were performed to identify associations between the independent variable (abdominal obesity) and outcomes (relative HGS), as well as to determine whether fasting glucose levels mediated the relationship between excess adiposity and relative HGS. A total of 1239 (78.8%) had abdominal obesity. Abdominal obesity had a negative e ect on fasting glucose ( ß = 9.04, 95% CI = 5.87 to 12.21); while fasting glucose to relative HGS was inversely related ( ß = -0.003, 95% CI = -0.005 to -0.001), p < 0.001. The direct e ect of abdominal obesity on relative HGS was statistically significant ( ß = -0.069, 95% CI = -0.082 to -0.057), p < 0.001. Lastly, fasting glucose levels mediates the detrimental e ect of abdominal obesity on relative HGS (indirect effect = -0.002, 95% CI = -0.004 to -0.001), p < 0.001. Our results suggest that the glucose level could worsen the association between abdominal obesity status and lower HGS. Thus, it is plausible to consider fasting glucose levels when assessing older adults with excess adiposity and/or suspected loss of muscle mass