Selección de cepas de hongos entomopatógenos para el manejo de anastrepha obliqua (macquart, 1835) (diptera: tephritidae) en colombia

Se evaluaron 15 cepas de los hongos entomopatógenos Beauveria bassiana y Metarhizium anisopliae sobre adultos de un día de edad de la mosca de la fruta Anastrepha obliqua. El trabajo se realizó con el fin de seleccionar las cepas más virulentas al insecto y estudiar el efecto sobre los adultos jóvenes cuando el hongo era aplicado antes de la emergencia. Mediante un screening con una concentración de 1x107 conidias/mL se seleccionaron las tres cepas más virulentas, siendo dos de ellas de Beauveria y una de Metarhizium, las cuales causaron mortalidades del 77%, 71% y 66%. Valores de CL50 de 2,38x106, 1,81x106 y 9,94x106 conidias/mL, respectivamente, fueron determinados para cada una de estas cepas y un TL50 respectivo de 48,12; 56 y 42,75 horas. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la mortalidad entre hembras y machos. La aspersión de la CL90 de las cepas seleccionadas sobre el medio de pupación de la mosca de la fruta produjo 34-48% de mortalidad durante las 120 horas de evaluación. Los hongos entomopatógenos pueden ser utilizados fácilmente para el control biológico de A. obliqua aplicándolos de manera dirigida a los adultos jóvenes bajo la copa de los árboles, en programas de manejo integrado de plagas

Carabidae (insecta : coleoptera) del laboratorio de entomología, Universidad del Tolima.

Objetivos: Con el fin de conocer aspectos de biodiversidad y distribución de los carábidos del departamento del Tolima, y visibilizar el material para futuras investigaciones, se realizó la curaduría, identificación, diagnosis y sistematización del material depositado en el Museo del Laboratorio de Entomología de la Universidad del Tolima (MENT-UT). Alcance: Para el departamento del Tolima apenas se conoce la información aportada por MARTÍNEZ (2005) y VÍTOLO (2004), que incluye pocos ejemplares tolimenses. Los escarabajos de la familia Carabidae representan uno de los grupos más diversos del orden Coleóptera, de gran interés en programas de conservación, bioindicación, control biológico, entre otros. Metodología: Para la identificación de los especímenes se utilizaron claves taxonómicas y descripciones, se comparó material con ejemplares depositados en las colecciones del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales (ICN) e Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH), además de consultas con especialistas. Principales resultados: Se registraron 674 especímenes distribuidos en ocho subfamilias, 23 tribus, 43 géneros y 15 especies. El género Meotachys (15,19%) es el más representativo, en contraste con los géneros Anaulacus, Calophoena, Cnides, Enceladus, Glyptolenus, Hyboptera, Morion, Loxandrus, Leptotrachelus, Oxycheila, Pelecium, Schizogenius y Sericoda que tuvieron un único representante (0,1%). Conclusión: En este estudio se generan nuevos registros de distribución para géneros y especies de Carabidae en diferentes regiones del Tolima y otros departamentos de Colombia.Objectives: In order to know aspects of biodiversity and distribution of carabid beetles in the Department of Tolima and to make the material visible for future research, curatorship, identification, diagnosis and systematization of the material deposited at the “Museo Laboratorio de Entomología de la Universidad del Tolima” (MENT-UT) were performed. Scope: For the Department of Tolima the only information known is that provided by MARTÍNEZ (2005) and VÍTOLO (2004). The beetles of the Carabidae family represent one of the most diverse groups in the coleoptera order of a great interest in conservation, bioindication, and biological control among others. Methodology: taxonomic and description keys were used for the identification of the specimens deposited in the collections of the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales (ICN) and Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH), in addition to consultations with specialists. Main results: A total of 674 specimens were recorded distributed in eight subfamilies, 23 tribes, 43 genera and 15 species. The genus Meotachys (15,19%) is the most representative in contrast to the genera Anaulacus, Calophoena, Cnides, Enceladus, Glyptolenus, Hyboptera, Morion, Loxandrus, Leptotrachelus, Oxycheila, Pelecium, Schizogenius and Sericoda that had a single representative (0,1%). Conclusion: This study generates new distribution records for genera and species of Carabidae beetles in different regions of Tolima and other Departments of Colombia

Diversity of fruit-flies (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) and their parasitoids in seven municipalities of the department of Nariño

El objetivo de este trabajo fue contribuir al conocimiento de la diversidad de moscas de las frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) y de sus enemigos naturales en el departamento de Nariño. Se colectaron 14.005 frutos correspondientes a 16 especies de plantas hospederas, pertenecientes a 10 familias botánicas (Rubiaceae, Rosaceae, Myrtaceae, Fabaceae, Anacardiaceae, Rutaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Annonaceae, Solanaceae y Caricaceae), de las cuales todas presentaron infestación por moscas de las frutas o parasitoides, a excepción de la familia Annonaceae. Las especies de moscas de las frutas recuperadas en este estudio correspondieron a Anastrepha complejo fraterculus, Anastrepha striata, Anastrepha obliqua, Anastrepha grandis y Ceratitis capitata, especies conocidas por su polifagia y gran capacidad de adaptación. Se obtuvieron 242 individuos, pertenecientes a siete especies de parasitoides: DoryctoBracon crawfordi, DoryctoBracon zeteki, Utetes Anastrephae, Microcrasis sp., Bracon sp., Torymus sp., e Ichneumonidae sp.1. Los parasitoides se obtuvieron de nueve hospederos correspondientes a café, guayaba, níspero, hobo, feijoa, naranja, mango, durazno y guama. La mayor frecuencia de ocurrencia de parasitoides se presentó en DoryctoBracon crawfordi, con valores de 84,1, 76,7 y 40% en café, guayaba y hobo, respectivamente. Utetes Anastrephae obtuvo porcentajes de 5,7 y 60% en café y hobo. También se presentó parasitismo en moscas presentes en las familias botánicas Rubiaceae, Rosaceae, Myrtaceae, Fabaceae, Anacardiaceae y Rutaceae.The objective of this work was to contribute to the knowledge of the diversity of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and their natural enemies in the department of Nariño. A total of 14,005 fruits from 16 host plant species were collected, belonging to ten botanical families (Rubiaceae, Rosaceae, Myrtaceae, Fabaceae, Anacardiaceae, Rutaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Annonaceae, Solanaceae and Caricaceae), all of which showed infestation by fruit flies or parasitoids, except for the Annonaceae family.The species of fruit flies collected in this study were Anastrepha fraterculus complex, Anastrepha striata, Anastrepha obliqua, Ceratitis capitata and Anastrepha grandis species known for their polyphagia and great adaptability. A total of 242 individuals belonging to seven species of parasitoids, DoryctoBracon crawfordi, DoryctoBracon zeteki, Utetes Anastrephae, Microcrasis sp., Bracon sp., Torymus sp., and Ichneumonidae sp.1 were obtained. Parasitoids were collected from nine plant hosts corresponding to coffee, guava, loquat, hobo, guava, orange, mango, peach and guama. The highest frequency of parasitoids occurrence was presented in DoryctoBracon crawfordi, with values of 84.1, 76.7 and 40% in coffee, guava and hobo respectively. Utetes Anastrephae was 5.7% in coffee and 6.0% in hobo. Parasitism was also present in Rubiaceae, Rosaceae, Myrtaceae, Fabaceae, Anacardiaceae and Rutaceae

Island and Mountain Ecosystems as Testbeds for Biological Control in the Anthropocene

For centuries, islands and mountains have incited the interest of naturalists, evolutionary biologists and ecologists. Islands have been the cradle for biogeography and speciation theories, while mountain ranges have informed how population adaptation to thermal floors shapes the distribution of species globally. Islands of varying size and mountains’ altitudinal ranges constitute unique “natural laboratories” where one can investigate the effects of species loss or global warming on ecosystem service delivery. Although invertebrate pollination or seed dispersal processes are steadily being examined, biological control research is lagging. While observations of a wider niche breadth among insect pollinators in small (i.e., species-poor) islands or at high (i.e., colder) altitudes likely also hold for biological control agents, such remains to be examined. In this Perspective piece, we draw on published datasets to show that island size alone does not explain biological control outcomes. Instead, one needs to account for species’ functional traits, habitat heterogeneity, host community make-up, phenology, site history or even anthropogenic forces. Meanwhile, data from mountain ranges show how parasitism rates of Noctuid moths and Tephritid fruit flies exhibit species- and context-dependent shifts with altitude. Nevertheless, future empirical work in mountain settings could clarify the thermal niche space of individual natural enemy taxa and overall thermal resilience of biological control. We further discuss how global databases can be screened, while ecological theories can be tested, and simulation models defined based upon observational or manipulative assays in either system. Doing so can yield unprecedented insights into the fate of biological control in the Anthropocene and inform ways to reinforce this vital ecosystem service under global environmental change scenarios.The development of this manuscript was funded by the Food and Agriculture Organization FAO through LOA/RAP/2021/57, executed by The University of Queensland. AS was supported by the "Ramon y Cajal" program (RYC2020029407-I), financed by the Spanish "Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion".info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Schedule-dependent cytotoxicity of SN-38 in p53 wild-type and mutant colon adenocarcinoma cell lines

In this study the effects of SN-38 on colon adenocarcinoma cell lines expressing wild-type p53 (LS174T) or mutant non-functional p53 (HT29) have been investigated. On exposure to SN-38, HT29 cells rapidly progressed through G1 and S and arrested in G2/M. Release and concomitant increase in apoptosis after 48 h was concentration- and time-dependent (P < 0.001), being more rapid at higher concentrations, but reaching plateau at 10 ng ml–1 with prolonged exposure. LS174T cells showed only a small increase in apoptosis, and only at high concentrations (50–100 ng ml–1). The main effect of SN-38 in LS174T cells was prolonged cell cycle arrest, which was independent of concentration. Arrest occurred in all phases of the cell cycle, with the distribution depending on concentration (P < 0.001) and not duration (P > 0.05). With increasing concentration, LS174T cells arrested in G2/M, S and G1. Cell cycle arrest was coincident with increased p53 expression in each phase of the cell cycle. Expression in G1 increased with time and concentration (P < 0.001, P = 0.01 respectively), whereas in S and G2/M p53 expression increased only with time (P < 0.001). Dose-dependent p53-associated G1 arrest, in the absence of DNA synthesis indicates an additional cytotoxic mechanism for SN-38, which requires higher concentrations than the S phase mechanism, and detection of which seems to involve p53. For incubations with the same ED (exposure × duration), apoptosis in HT29 cells was significantly higher for prolonged exposure to lower concentrations, whereas in LS174T cells there was a trend towards increased apoptosis with shorter exposures to higher concentrations, indicating a schedule effect of SN-38. Although expression of wild-type p53 leads to a more rapid induction of apoptosis, SN-38 cytotoxicity was generally greater in cells with mutant p53, as wild-type cells escaped apoptosis by p53 associated prolonged cell cycle arrest. Thus, pulsed schedules with higher doses may be more effective in cells expressing wild-type p53, whereas continued exposure with protracted schedules may be more active in cells expressing mutant p53. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaig

The Evolution of Compact Binary Star Systems

We review the formation and evolution of compact binary stars consisting of white dwarfs (WDs), neutron stars (NSs), and black holes (BHs). Binary NSs and BHs are thought to be the primary astrophysical sources of gravitational waves (GWs) within the frequency band of ground-based detectors, while compact binaries of WDs are important sources of GWs at lower frequencies to be covered by space interferometers (LISA). Major uncertainties in the current understanding of properties of NSs and BHs most relevant to the GW studies are discussed, including the treatment of the natal kicks which compact stellar remnants acquire during the core collapse of massive stars and the common envelope phase of binary evolution. We discuss the coalescence rates of binary NSs and BHs and prospects for their detections, the formation and evolution of binary WDs and their observational manifestations. Special attention is given to AM CVn-stars -- compact binaries in which the Roche lobe is filled by another WD or a low-mass partially degenerate helium-star, as these stars are thought to be the best LISA verification binary GW sources.Comment: 105 pages, 18 figure

Measurement of the mass difference m(D-s(+))-m(D+) at CDF II

We present a measurement of the mass difference m(D-s(+))-m(D+), where both the D-s(+) and D+ are reconstructed in the phipi(+) decay channel. This measurement uses 11.6 pb(-1) of data collected by CDF II using the new displaced-track trigger. The mass difference is found to be m(D-s(+))-m(D+)=99.41+/-0.38(stat)+/-0.21(syst) MeV/c(2)

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Anastrepha acuminata Canal, n. sp.

Anastrepha acuminata Canal n. sp. (Figs 1.A, 2.A &B, 3 A–C) Type Data. COLOMBIA Holotype Ƥ, Tolima. Ibagué. Santafé de los Guaduales. 4 º 24´28.6 ´´N 75 º 11´6.9 ´´W, 1.107 m.a.s.l, 06.X. 2004, M. R. Castañeda & A. Osorio, McPhail Trap (MEN-UT). Paratype Ƥ, Santander. Lebrija, V. 1977, A. Martinez, McPhail Trap (CTNI). Etymology: The name of this species is an adjective that means very sharping (from the Latin acuminis) in reference to the shape of the aculeus tip. Recognition. In the key of Korytkowski (2004) A. acuminata runs to page 97, alternative 153, to A. duckei Lima or A. irretita Stone. The new species differ from A. duckei in the aculeus tip ratio, four times as long as wide in A. duckei and 1.94–2.71 times in A.acuminata. The serrate part is near a half of the aculeus tip in A. irretita and 7 / 8 in the new species. This species is most similar to A. caudata Stone in the size and shape of the aculeus. Anastrepha acuminata differs from A. caudata because it has more hooks on the eversible membrane (Fig 2.A), by its shorter aculeus, by the lack of ocellar setae and because the wing pattern is mostly yellow in the new species and the hyaline area in cell br is extended to vein R 4 + 5, the pattern is mostly brown in A. caudata and the hyaline area in cell br is narrow, not extended to vein R 4 + 5. Description. Mostly yellow. Setae dark brown to black; setulae yellowish. Head: 1.13 mm long, 1.48– 1.69 mm high, 1.44–1.77 mm wide. Yellow except ocellar tubercle black. Face flat, not microtrichose. Facial carina, in profile, concave. 3–4 frontal setae (3 on right side, 4 on left). Antenna 0.34 mm long, 0.14 mm wide in frontal view. Arista pubescent, 0.81 mm long. 2 orbital setae well developed. Ocellar setae absent. Thorax: Mostly yellow, microtrichose. Scutal vittae white; medial scutal vitta slender, broadened and rounded posteriorly. Mesonotum 2.69–2.87 mm long, 1.94–2.23 mm wide. Katepisternal seta long and slender (as long as orbital setae but more slender). Subscutellum and mediotergite yellow. Wing (Fig 1. A): 6.91–7.61 mm long, 2.91–4.46 mm wide. Cell c 1.16–1.33 times as long as pterostigma. Apex of vein R 1 at 0.43–0.53 wing length. Apex of vein M moderately curved, ending approximately midway between apices of S and V-bands; cell r 4 + 5 0.64–0.81 times as wide at apex as at level of DM-Cu. Crossvein R-M at 0.66–0.68 length of cell dm. Pattern mostly yellow, most margins of bands, most of pterostigma, distal part of S-band and posterior parts of V-band brown. S and C-bands narrowly joined along R 4 + 5. V-band complete and separated from S-band, apex faint. Microtrichose, except the alula and cells bc, c, bm and hyaline part in the base of dm. Abdomen: Tergites entirely yellow. Female terminalia: Oviscape 2.86–3.03 mm long, 1.0– 1.12 times as long as mesonotum. Spiracle at basal 0.89–1.03 mm, at 0.31–0.34 length of oviscape. Eversible membrane (Fig 2. A, B) with approximately 60 strong, slender hook-like dorsobasal scales in triangular pattern. Aculeus 2.97–3.07 mm long, 0.1–0.16 mm wide at the end of oviduct. Aculeus tip tapering (Fig 3. A–C), 0.31–0.38 mm long, 1.94–2.71 times as long as wide, 0.06 mm depth at the end of oviduct, serrated on distal 7 / 8, with a slight constriction before serrate part. In the paratype teeth of the aculeus tip hardly visible in 40 x, but easily visible in holotype (Figs 3. A, B). Serrate part 0.28–0.30 mm long, 0.10–0.12 mm wide, 2.5–2.8 times as long as wide. Comments. The aculeus of this species resembles the species of the caudata group (Norrbom & Caraballo 2003), however other apomorphic characters are different. The wing pattern is yellow and the hyaline area in cell br is extended to vein R 4 + 5, distal hyaline area in cell dm is not narrowed and the oviscape is entirely yellow, thus A. acuminata does not belong to this group. Based in aculeus tip shape, particularly the size of serrate part and the slight constriction before it, A. acuminata belongs to fraterculus group. The holotype and paratype differ in the size of the teeth on the aculeus tip, but as other characters, including the absence of the ocellar setae and their body size are similar, it does not seem reasonable to consider these specimens to be different species. FIGURE 1. Wings: A, A. acuminata; B, A. carreroi; C, A. sinuosa; D, A. isolata; E, A. perdita; F, A. sororcula; G, A. montei; H, A. panamensis.Published as part of Canal, Nelson A., 2010, New species and records of Anastrepha Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Colombia, pp. 32-44 in Zootaxa 2425 on pages 33-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19462