Equine Sarcoids - Treatment with a Combination of Acyclovir and Surgical Excision

Background: Sarcoids are the most frequent skin tumors among horses, causing serious lesions due to their different shapes, sizes, degree of invasiveness and distribution on the body. The pathogenesis of sarcoids is multifactorial, with genetic, viral and environmental involvement, making their treatment complex. The aggressiveness and high rate of recurrence of sarcoids makes it difficult to use an effective treatment, which is why there are several therapeutic routes described in the literature. Aiming to describe and expand sarcoid treatments, this paper reports on the use of acyclovir in the treatment of this type of tumor. Cases: Four horses sent to the Large Animal Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Lavras - UFLA were diagnosed and treated for sarcoids. Case 1. Lesions on the right ear, region of the masseter muscle of the right side of the face, neck, vulva and medial aspect of the left pelvic limb. Case 2. Lesion in the left groin region. Case 3. Lesions on the face, masseter muscle region on the left side, mandibular region and right ear pinna. Case 4. Lesion in the lateral region of the left pelvic limb, close to the tarsometatarsal joint. All horses had a diagnosis of sarcoid, which was confirmed by histopathological examination of material collected after surgical excision. Macroscopically, the neoplastic lesions were classified as fibroblastic, verrucous and nodular. The tumors exhibited irregular surfaces, keratinization, and a firm consistency. Their surfaces were alopecic, slightly rough, some of them were ulcerated, and their color ranged from greyish to rosy and reddish. All the tumor masses were surgically excised from the 4 horses, and one sarcoid was treated by thermal cauterization with liquid nitrogen due to the lesion’s depth and size.  In most cases, the sarcoid removal sites were closed with sutures. Only 2 lesions were not sutured due to the impossibility of bringing the edges of tissue close together, or due to proximity to the tarsometatarsal joint. The surgical wounds were cleaned twice a day with sterile saline solution followed by the topical application of Acyclovir. One of the animals received complementary therapy with Cimetidine. Discussion: The equines recovered completely from their sarcoid treatment, and no recurrences were reported a year later. Thus, the combination of treatments employed for the extirpation of sarcoids proved to have greater chances of success. First, all the tumors were surgically removed with the largest possible margins of safety in order to ensure the elimination of neoplastic cells. In the postoperative period, all the animals received topical treatment of the lesions with acyclovir after surgical resection of the tumors. The drug aided the complete healing of post-surgical wounds, and healing time varied according to the size and depth of the lesion. One tumor was treated with liquid nitrogen after surgical excision of the sarcoid. Another horse was treated with cimetidine over a 3-month period after surgical excision of the neoplasm in order to reduce the sarcoid and prevent its evolution. Surgical excision of the sarcoid associated with topical application of acyclovir ointment showed satisfactory results. Moreover, the combination of surgical excision and administration of liquid nitrogen on the lesion and topical application of acyclovir ointment in the postoperative period also provided good results. Given the complexity of sarcoid treatment and the high recurrence rate of these tumors, the use of combined treatments should be taken into account. Keywords: horses, skin tumor, cutaneous neoplasm, therapy. Título: Sarcoide em equinos - tratamento com associação de Aciclovir e excição cirúrgica Descritores: equinos, tumor de pele, neoplasia cutânea, terapia

Are textbooks tools for food and nutrition education?

Objective: To examine whether and how Food and Nutrition Education (FNE) is addressed in textbooks adopted in elementary school of the municipal network of a city of Minas Gerais. Methods: Descriptive study on the analysis of textbooks. It was carried out using an instrument specially designed for this purpose. Was evaluated the presence of information about nutrition, feeding, food, and nutrients that was clearly related to FNE. All informationidentified was categorized according to its scope and concept considering the FNE Reference Framework. Results: A total of 70 books totaling 2.918 pages were evaluated. Of these pages, 230 (8.2%) had texts, illustrations or activities with obvious intent to work FNE pedagogically. The sciences books (51.3%) were the ones that presented most this theme. The highest proportion referred to food as a factor of protection or risk to health, and food in a approach of hygiene and food safety. Conclusion: The elementary school textbooks evaluated were ineffective in significantly and actively including FNE in a way to interact with the student, arouse his curiosity on the theme and understand it in its multiple dimensions, beyond to the biological aspects of feed. Thus, in choosing the books that will be adopted in schools, it is also important to evaluate if they are FNE tools and consequently, if they provide knowledge and discussions that stimulate of healthy eating habits in the child and youth group, in the school environment

MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY FROM PUPUNHA WASTE PROCESSING FRESH AND FLOUR PRODUCED IN DIFFERENT TREATMENTS

Os resíduos agroindustriais podem ser reaproveitados por meio da adição em alimentos industrializados. Entretanto, é necessário o estudo da segurança microbiológica dessa fonte de matéria-prima alternativa e sua inocuidade para o consumidor. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo, avaliar a qualidade microbiológica, das bainhas residuais processamento do palmito, tanto in natura como nas farinhas produzidas em diferentes tratamentos. Foram avaliados o crescimento de populações de B. cereus, Coliformes a 45ºC e Salmonella sp, Os resíduos in natura e a farinha sanitizada seca à 60°C, apresentaram a maior contagem de B. cereus e desenvolvimento de coliformes 45°C. A farinha sanitizada seca à 80°C (FPS-80°C), obteve o melhor resultado microbiológico, representando o melhor tratamento para inibição do crescimento microbiológico na farinha, tornando este, um produto seguro para o consumo humano

‘People lie’: overcoming obstacles to incorporate social science research to biodiversity conservation

Mesmo com o reconhecimento da importância da interdisciplinaridade na conservação da biodiversidade, ainda há resistência em incorporar a pesquisa em ciências sociais (PCS) ao pensamento e à prática conservacionista. As razões para tal resistência podem ser resumidas em três afirmações gerais ainda comumente atribuídas à PCS: 'tem pouca utilidade' e 'menos rigor metodológico' quando comparada à pesquisa em ciências naturais e, sobretudo, é pouco confiável porque 'as pessoas mentem'. Neste ensaio, desenvolvido a partir da experiência dos participantes de uma comunidade de prática, formada por profissionais de diversas áreas e setores relacionados à conservação, e das discussões geradas nesse espaço de aprendizado coletivo, abordamos as limitações e os equívocos por trás das afirmações acima. A PCS não é menos útil na conservação e nem tem menos rigor metodológico do que a pesquisa em ciências naturais, e quando as pessoas mentem para o pesquisador o problema não está na pesquisa em si, mas na relação entre sujeito e pesquisador. Argumentamos que à medida que os conservacionistas se familiarizam com a PCS e que os princípios de equidade e justiça são incorporados aos valores e objetivos da conservação, a importância e necessidade da PCS na conservação tornam-se óbvias, e a falta de confiança entre pesquisador e sujeitos deixa de ser uma preocupação significativa. Capacitar, integrar e apoiar são nossas recomendações básicas para pesquisadores, educadores, gestores e tomadores de decisão nas áreas de conservação, ensino, publicação e financiamento, para que a PCS cumpra plenamente seu papel na conservação.Despite the acknowledged importance of interdisciplinarity in biodiversity conservation, there is still resistance to incorporate social science research (SSR) to both conservationist thinking and practice. The reasons for such a resistance can be summarized in three general statements still commonly attributed to SSR, namely: it is of 'little use' and it has 'less methodological rigor' than research in the natural sciences and, above all, it is unreliable because 'people lie'. The current essay was developed based on the experience of participants of a community of practice (formed by professionals from different fields and sectors  associated with conservation), as well as on discussions held in this space of collective learning. It addresses the limitations and misconceptions behind the aforementioned statements. SSR is not less useful in conservation and not less methodologically rigorous than research conducted in the natural sciences. When researchers are lied to, the problem does not lie on the research itself, but on the subject-researcher relationship. We herein argue that as conservationists become more familiar with SSR, and as principles like equity and justice are incorporated to conservation values and goals, both the importance and need of SSR in conservation become obvious, making the lack of trust between researcher and subjects no longer a significant concern. Increasing capacity, integrating and supporting are our basic recommendations for researchers, educators, managers and decision-makers in the conservation, teaching, publishing and funding fields, so that SSR can fully fulfill its role in conservation

Avaliação do estado nutricional de recém-nascidos pré-termo em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal / Assessment of nutritional status of preterm newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit

O recém-nascido pré-termo (RNPT) é considerado aquele que nasce com idade gestacional inferior a 37 semanas. Devido à imaturidade fisiológica é frequente que esses recém-nascidos necessitem de cuidados intensivos e, portanto, sejam considerados pacientes em risco nutricional. A avaliação do estado do estado nutricional (AEN) possui a finalidade de identificar sinais de risco de desnutrição e promover a adequação da dietoterapia.  O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão da literatura acerca dos métodos de AEN em RNPT internados em unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa, realizada por meio de consulta ao Scielo, ao PubMed, e aos manuais e diretrizes para a prática clínica. No ambiente de terapia intensiva neonatal a avaliação antropométrica deve ser adaptada ao estado clínico do RNPT, sendo realizada com maior periodicidade, observando-se os sinais que indiquem o risco de desnutrição. Conclui-se que o método para a realização da AEN do RNPT é dependente da condição clínica do paciente, sendo realizada regularmente a fim de promover a adequação da dietoterapia

Conservation Biogeography of the Sahara‐Sahel: additional protected areas are needed to secure unique biodiversity

Aim Identification of priority conservation areas and evaluation of coverage of the current protected areas are urgently needed to halt the biodiversity loss. Identifying regions combining similar environmental traits (climate regions) and species assemblages (biogroups) is needed for conserving the biodiversity patterns and processes. We identify climate regions and biogroups and map species diversity across the Sahara-Sahel, a large geographical area that exhibits wide environmental heterogeneity and multiple species groups with distinct biogeographical affinities, and evaluate the coverage level of current network of protected areas for biodiversity conservation. Location Sahara-Sahel, Africa. Methods We use spatially explicit climate data with the principal component analysis and model-based clustering techniques to identify climate regions. We use distributions of 1147 terrestrial vertebrates (and of 125 Sahara-Sahel endemics) and apply distance clustering methods to identify biogroups for both species groups. We apply reserve selection algorithms targeting 17% of species distribution, climate regions and biogroups to identify priority areas and gap analysis to assess their representation within the current protected areas. Results Seven climate regions were identified, mostly arranged as latitudinal belts. Concentrations of high species richness were found in the Sahel, but the central Sahara gathers most endemic and threatened species. Ten biogroups (five for endemics) were identified. A wide range of biogroups tend to overlap in specific climate regions. Identified priority areas are inadequately represented in protected areas, and six new top conservation areas are needed to achieve conservation targets. Main conclusions Biodiversity distribution in Sahara-Sahel is spatially structured and apparently related to environmental variation. Although the majority of priority conservation areas are located outside the areas of intense human activities, many cross multiple political borders and require internationally coordinated efforts for implementation and management. Optimized biodiversity conservation solutions at regional scale are needed. Our work contradicts the general idea that deserts are uniform areas and provide options for the conservation of endangered species.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Knowledge and attitudes of rural healthcare providers regarding domestic violence against women: a systematic review

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Specific types of violence such as intimate partner sexual violence and intimate partner homicide occur more frequently in rural areas. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the knowledge and attitudes of rural healthcare providers regarding cases of domestic violence against women. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review developed at Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. METHODS: We conducted an electronic search of six databases, which only included observational studies, regardless of the year, language, or country of publication, except for studies that used secondary data and were exclusively qualitative. Two reviewers performed the selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using a specific Joanna Briggs Institute tool. RESULTS: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. All the studies had a low risk of bias. Approximately 38% of these professionals identified injuries caused by violence in patients. When asked about knowing the correct attitude to take in cases of confirmed violence, between 12% and 64% of rural healthcare providers answered positively; most of them would refer to specialized institutions and promote victim empowerment and counseling. The number of professionals with an educational background in the field ranged from 16% to 98%. CONCLUSIONS: The evident disparity across studies shows that some professionals have suboptimal knowledge and require training to adopt the correct attitude when identifying female victims of domestic violence in clinical practice. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: This systematic review was registered in the Open Science Framework Database under the registration http://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/B7Q6S

Processo para aumentar a eficiência da eletrocoalescência de emulsões água e óleo

DepositadaÉ descrito um processo para aumentar a eficiência da eletrocoalescência de emulsões água/óleo (A/O) formadas em instalações de tratamento de petróleo nas etapas de dessalgação e desidratação, dito processo compreendendo formar uma composição incluindo entre 0,001 % e 50% em peso de triglicerídeos vegetais, animais ou sintéticos, petróleo e água entre 2% e 40% de água, preferencialmente entre 5% e 25% de água em peso, e submeter tal composição a um campo eletrostático sob corrente alternada ou contínua ou ambas, alternada e contínua, no interior de um vaso, e recuperando ao término do processo duas fases líquidas, sendo uma aquosa e outra oleosa, separando a fase oleosa com rendimento maior do que em processos de eletrocoalescência que não empregam a composição contendo triglicerídeos vegetais, animais ou sintéticos, petróleo e água. Também é descrita a composição utilizada no dito processo

Nursing Care For Patients Experiencing Clinical Complications During Haemodialysis

Introduction: Patients with chronic renal disease treated by haemodialysis experience various changes in their daily lives, which they and their families need to adapt to and cope with. Objective: To analyse the nursing care of patients with chronic renal failure on haemodialysis who experience clinical complications. Method: A descriptive, exploratory study was conducted, using a quantitative approach. Data collection was performed using a sample of 73 patients at the Hemodialysis Center located at city of Patos-PB. The sample comprised 73 patients. Results: 27 (37.0%) were female, aged between 20 and 88 years old. It was found that employees are 49.3% of respondents, in consonance to farmers with 31.5%. The most common complications were weakness (76.7%), headache (46.6%), cramp (43.8%) and pain (32.9%). Conclusion: The trusting relationship between professionals and patients is paramount, because helps to improve adherence to treatment and, consequently, the reduction of complications; furthermore, educational and preventive actions are facilitated