RELAÇÃO ENTRE CARBONO ORGÂNICO TOTAL, GLOMALINA E ESTABILIDADE DE AGREGADOS EM NEOSSOLO LITÓLICO

The soil structure is maintained by the aggregation of mineral and organic particles, where organic matter and glomalin levels stand out as factors that interfere in the stability of these aggregates. Knowing the stocks of glomalin in different ecosystems can help to better understand the dynamics of this protein in the soil and its contribution to soil aggregation. The objective of the present work was to estimate and correlate the total organic carbon (TOC), easily extractable glomalin (EEG) and the aggregate stability index (ASI) in the area of Neossolo Litólico under caatinga vegetation. Two areas, one under arboreal and other shrub vegetation, were selected, 18 single samples of one Neossolo Litólico were collected (9 samples per area x two areas) and analyzed for organic carbon, glomalin and aggregate stability. The highest levels of total organic carbon were found in the area under arboreal vegetation. On the other hand, glomalin extractable contents were similar in the areas. The aggregate stability index was higher in the area under shrub caatinga vegetation. The total organic carbon correlated positively with the glomalina easily extractable, independent of the vegetal cover. The aggregate stability index did not correlate with the total organic carbon, nor with easily extractable glomalin.A estrutura do solo é mantida pela agregação das partículas minerais e orgânicas, onde a matéria orgânica e os teores de glomalina se destacam como fatores que interferem na estabilidade desses agregados. Conhecer os estoques de glomalina em diferentes ecossistemas pode ajudar a compreender melhor a dinâmica dessa proteína no solo e a sua contribuição na agregação do solo. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estimar e correlacionar os teores de carbono orgânico total (COT), glomalina facilmente extraível (GFE) e o índice de estabilidade de agregados (IEA) em área de Neossolo Litólico sob vegetação de caatinga. Foram selecionadas duas áreas, uma sob vegetação de caatinga arbórea e outra arbustiva, foram coletadas 18 amostras simples de um Neossolo Litólico (9 amostras por área x duas áreas) e analisadas quanto aos teores de carbono orgânico, glomalina e estabilidade de agregados. Os maiores teores de carbono orgânico total foram encontrados na área sob vegetação de caatinga arbórea. Já os teores de glomalina facilmente extraível foram semelhantes nas áreas. O índice de estabilidade de agregados foi maior na área sob vegetação de caatinga arbustiva. O carbono orgânico total correlacionou-se positivamente com a glomalina facilmente extraível, independente da cobertura vegetal. O índice de estabilidade de agregados não se correlacionou com o carbono orgânico total, e nem com a glomalina facilmente extraível

Mecanismos Celulares na Dermatite de Contato Alérgica

Objective: The aim of the article is to elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying allergic contact dermatitis, aiming to identify potential therapeutic targets to improve the treatment of this skin condition. Methodology: The integrative review addresses recent advances in metrology, highlighting measurement methods, instrumentation, and emerging analytical techniques, aiming for a comprehensive understanding of current practices and trends in this crucial field for various areas such as science, technology, and industry. This approach provides valuable insights to enhance precision, reliability, and innovation in metrology, driving the development of new solutions and applications across various sectors.Results: The findings reveal a wide range of advances in metrology, including significant developments in high-precision measurement methods, advancements in instrumentation, and the implementation of innovative analytical techniques, demonstrating continuous progress in the pursuit of greater reliability and precision in measurements. These results underscore the importance of metrology as a fundamental basis for quality and innovation in various scientific and technological areas.Conclusion: Understanding the intricate cellular mechanisms in allergic contact dermatitis offers promising therapeutic perspectives, highlighting the ongoing need for research to validate and explore new therapeutic targets, aiming to improve the management and quality of life of patients affected by this skin condition.Objetivo: O objetivo do artigo é elucidar os mecanismos celulares subjacentes à dermatite de contato alérgica, visando identificar potenciais alvos terapêuticos para melhorar o tratamento dessa condição cutânea. Metodologia: A revisão integrativa aborda os avanços recentes na metrologia, destacando métodos de medição, instrumentação e técnicas analíticas emergentes, visando uma compreensão abrangente das práticas e tendências atuais nesse campo crucial para diversas áreas, como ciência, tecnologia e indústria. Essa abordagem oferece insights valiosos para aprimorar a precisão, confiabilidade e inovação na metrologia, impulsionando o desenvolvimento de novas soluções e aplicações em diversos setores. Resultados: Os resultados revelam uma ampla gama de avanços na metrologia, incluindo desenvolvimentos significativos em métodos de medição de alta precisão, avanços na instrumentação e implementação de técnicas analíticas inovadoras, demonstrando o progresso contínuo na busca por maior confiabilidade e precisão nas medições. Esses resultados destacam a importância da metrologia como base fundamental para a qualidade e inovação em diversas áreas científicas e tecnológicas. Conclusão: A compreensão dos intricados mecanismos celulares na dermatite de contato alérgica oferece promissoras perspectivas terapêuticas, destacando a necessidade contínua de pesquisas para validar e explorar novos alvos terapêuticos, visando melhorar o manejo e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes afetados por essa condição cutânea

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA PRODUTORA DE METALOBETALACTAMASE: UM DESAFIO ADICIONAL NO DIFÍCIL CENÁRIO CLÍNICO-MICRO-EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA RESISTÊNCIA AMPLIADA

Introdução/Objetivo: As infecções por Pseudomonas aeruginosa produtora de Metalobetalactamases (MBL) se configuram como uma das maiores ameaças à saúde pública. Os controladores de infecção, hoje se deparam com o esgotamento terapêutico, especialmente, se há expressão de metalobetalactamase. Assim, o objetivo foi delinear o perfil epidemiológico, clínico e microbiológico dessas infecções, dos pacientes internados em um hospital universitário de referência do Brasil, nos anos de 2021 e 2022. Métodos: Os dados foram coletados a partir de prontuários de pacientes internados em leitos de enfermaria e de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, que, também, tinham seu acompanhamento pelo time Stewardship iniciado e tabulados em um uma planilha específica. Analisou-se os seguintes parâmetros: sexo, idade, motivo da internação, unidade de hospitalização, tipo de cultura, uso de ventilação mecânica, gene de resistência, perfil de sensibilidade, tratamento e desfecho. Aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética n° 3.697.674. Resultados: Foram identificados 13 pacientes com infecções por P. aeruginosa produtora de MBL. O sexo masculino foi o mais acometido (92,3%) e a média de idade foi de 68,3 anos. As infecções do respiratórias foram as mais prevalentes (38,4%), doenças cardiovasculares (30,8%) e neoplasias (23,1%). A maioria dos pacientes estavam internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (61,5%) e os demais na Clínica Médica (38,5%). Em 77% dos casos houve uso de ventilação mecânica. As culturas do trato respiratório foi o exame microbiológico mais prevalente (84,6%). Todas as cepas isoladas possuíam o gene de resistência da enzima Imipenemase. Os isolados se mostraram resistentes a praticamente todos os antibioticos disponíveis no Brasil. Os antibióticos mais capazes de combater essas infecções in vitro foram a Polixina B (77% de cepas sensíveis) e a amicacina (7,7% de cepas sensíveis). A maioria pacientes (53,8%) não recebeu nenhum tratamento, seja por óbito precoce ou por melhora clínica e laboratorial no momento do resultado da cultura. A polimixina B foi o fármaco mais utilizado, compondo, total ou parcialmente, a estratégia terapêutica de 38,5% das situações. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 61,5%. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o tratamento de pacientes acometidos por infecções por cepas de P. aeruginosa produtoras de MBL representa um grande desafio nos hospitais, pela escassez de ATM e gravidade dos casos. Ressalta-se a importância de buscar novos tratamentos para esses patógenos

Neotropical ornithology: Reckoning with historical assumptions, removing systemic barriers, and reimagining the future

A major barrier to advancing ornithology is the systemic exclusion of professionals from the Global South. A recent special feature, Advances in Neotropical Ornithology, and a shortfalls analysis therein, unintentionally followed a long-standing pattern of highlighting individuals, knowledge, and views from the Global North, while largely omitting the perspectives of people based within the Neotropics. Here, we review current strengths and opportunities in the practice of Neotropical ornithology. Further, we discuss problems with assessing the state of Neotropical ornithology through a northern lens, including discovery narratives, incomplete (and biased) understanding of history and advances, and the promotion of agendas that, while currently popular in the north, may not fit the needs and realities of Neotropical research. We argue that future advances in Neotropical ornithology will critically depend on identifying and addressing the systemic barriers that hold back ornithologists who live and work in the Neotropics: unreliable and limited funding, exclusion from international research leadership, restricted dissemination of knowledge (e.g., through language hegemony and citation bias), and logistical barriers. Moving forward, we must examine and acknowledge the colonial roots of our discipline, and explicitly promote anti-colonial agendas for research, training, and conservation. We invite our colleagues within and beyond the Neotropics to join us in creating new models of governance that establish research priorities with vigorous participation of ornithologists and communities within the Neotropical region. To include a diversity of perspectives, we must systemically address discrimination and bias rooted in the socioeconomic class system, anti-Blackness, anti-Brownness, anti-Indigeneity, misogyny, homophobia, tokenism, and ableism. Instead of seeking individual excellence and rewarding top-down leadership, institutions in the North and South can promote collective leadership. In adopting these approaches, we, ornithologists, will join a community of researchers across academia building new paradigms that can reconcile our relationships and transform science. Spanish and Portuguese translations are available in the Supplementary Material.• Research conducted by ornithologists living and working in Latin America and the Caribbean has been historically and systemically excluded from global scientific paradigms, ultimately holding back ornithology as a discipline.• To avoid replicating systems of exclusion in ornithology, authors, editors, reviewers, journals, scientific societies, and research institutions need to interrupt long-held assumptions, improve research practices, and change policies around funding and publication.• To advance Neotropical ornithology and conserve birds across the Americas, institutions should invest directly in basic field biology research, reward collective leadership, and strengthen funding and professional development opportunities for people affected by current research policies.Peer reviewe

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data