1,230 research outputs found
A model for liquid-striped liquid phase separation in liquids of anisotropic polarons
The phase separation between a striped polaron liquid at the particular
density and a high density polaron liquid is described by a modified Van der
Waals scheme. The striped polaron liquid represents the pseudo gap matter or
Wigner-like polaron phase at 1/8 doping in cuprate superconductors. The model
includes the tendency of pseudo- Jahn-Teller polarons to form anisotropic
directional bonds at a preferential volume with the formation of different
liquid phases. The model gives the coexistence of a first low density polaron
striped liquid and a second high density liquid that appears in cuprate
superconductors for doping larger than 1/8. We discuss how the strength of
anisotropic bonds controls the variation the phase separation scenarios for
complex systems in the presence of a quantum critical point where the phase
separation vanishes.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Experimental Signals of Phase Transition
The connection between the thermodynamics of charged finite nuclear systems
and the asymptotically measured partitions is presented. Some open questions,
concerning in particular equilibrium partitions are discussed. We show a
detailed comparison of the decay patterns in Au+ C,Cu,Au central collisions and
in Au quasi-projectile events. Observation of abnormally large fluctuations in
carefully selected samples of data is reported as an indication of a first
order phase transition (negative heat capacity) in the nuclear equation of
state.Comment: 8 pages, 8th International Conference on Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions,
Moscow 200
Nanoscale phase separation in the iron chalcogenide superconductor K0.8Fe1.6Se2 as seen via scanning nanofocused x-ray diffraction
Advanced synchrotron radiation focusing down to a size of 300 nm has been
used to visualize nanoscale phase separation in the K0.8Fe1.6Se2
superconducting system using scanning nanofocus single-crystal X-ray
diffraction. The results show an intrinsic phase separation in K0.8Fe1.6Se2
single crystals at T< 520 K, revealing coexistence of i) a magnetic phase
characterized by an expanded lattice with superstructures due to Fe vacancy
ordering and ii) a non-magnetic phase with an in-plane compressed lattice. The
spatial distribution of the two phases at 300 K shows a frustrated or arrested
nature of the phase separation. The space-resolved imaging of the phase
separation permitted us to provide a direct evidence of nanophase domains
smaller than 300 nm and different micrometer-sized regions with percolating
magnetic or nonmagnetic domains forming a multiscale complex network of the two
phases.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Zipf's law in Multifragmentation
We discuss the meaning of Zipf's law in nuclear multifragmentation. We remark
that Zipf's law is a consequence of a power law fragment size distribution with
exponent . We also recall why the presence of such distribution
is not a reliable signal of a liquid-gas phase transition
Expansion of the Materials Cloud 2D Database
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are among the most promising candidates for beyond-silicon electronic, optoelectronic, and quantum computing applications. Recently, their recognized importance sparked a push to discover and characterize novel 2D materials. Within a few years, the number of experimentally exfoliated or synthesized 2D materials went from a few to more than a hundred, with the number of theoretically predicted compounds reaching a few thousand. In 2018 we first contributed to this effort with the identification of 1825 compounds that are either easily (1036) or potentially (789) exfoliable from experimentally known 3D compounds. Here, we report on a major expansion of this 2D portfolio thanks to the extension of the screening protocol to an additional experimental database (MPDS) as well as the updated versions of the two databases (ICSD and COD) used in our previous work. This expansion leads to the discovery of an additional 1252 monolayers, bringing the total to 3077 compounds and, notably, almost doubling the number of easily exfoliable materials to 2004. We optimize the structural properties of all these monolayers and explore their electronic structure with a particular emphasis on those rare large-bandgap 2D materials that could be precious in isolating 2D field-effect-transistor channels. Finally, for each material containing up to 6 atoms per unit cell, we identify the best candidates to form commensurate heterostructures, balancing requirements on supercell size and minimal strain
The demographic and clinical characteristics of an Italian population of adult outpatients with chronic cough
Background Chronic cough is a major health problem worldwide and patients are best managed in specialised tertiary centres. Little information is available on the characteristics of chronic cough patients in several European countries, including Italy. Aims We report on the demographic, anthropometric and clinical features of a large Italian population of adult chronic cough outpatients (about 1200), who were referred to a specialised clinic in Florence, Italy, from 2008 to 2018. Methods Demographic, environmental, lifestyle and clinical information was collected at enrolment by means of a custom-designed electronic questionnaire that only allowed for uniform responses. A subjective measure of cough-related discomfort (cough score) was also obtained using a modified Borg Scale. A multivariable logistic regression model was defined to identify the patients' characteristics associated with the cough score. Results The characteristics of the examined population (n = 1204 outpatients) were strikingly similar to those described elsewhere. Female patients outnumbered the males [n = 847 females, (70.0%)]; both females and males displayed the same average cough score. The median age of outpatients was 61 (quartile 1 = 48; quartile 3 = 70) years; age and cough duration were unrelated to the cough score. Nasal obstruction, coughing during consultation, coughing during meals, throat clearing and the presence of respiratory abnormalities were correlated with the degree of discomfort caused by coughing. Discussion The features of chronic cough patients are similar worldwide. The process of cough reflex hypersensitisation may soothe sex-related perceptual differences, leading to similar levels of discomfort. Conclusions There seem to be clinical indicators that help in assessing the level of cough-related discomfort
The Multifragmentation Freeze--Out Volume in Heavy Ion Collisions
The reduced velocity correlation function for fragments from the reaction Fe
+ Au at 100 A~MeV bombarding energy is investigated using the
dynamical--statistical approach QMD+SMM and compared to experimental data to
extract the Freeze--Out volume assuming simultaneous multifragmentation.Comment: 8 pages; 3 uuencoded figures available with figures command, LateX,
UCRL-J-1157
Sc substitution for Mg in MgB2: effects on Tc and Kohn anomaly
Here we report synthesis and characterization of Mg_{1-x}Sc_{x}B_{2}
(0.12T_{c}>6 K.
We find that the Sc doping moves the chemical potential through the 2D/3D
electronic topological transition (ETT) in the sigma band where the ``shape
resonance" of interband pairing occurs. In the 3D regime beyond the ETT we
observe a hardening of the E_{2g} Raman mode with a significant line-width
narrowing due to suppression of the Kohn anomaly over the range 0<q<2k_{F}.Comment: 8 pages, 4 EPS figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.
Nonlocal reflection by photonic barriers
The time behaviour of microwaves undergoing partial reflection by photonic
barriers was measured in the time and in the frequency domain. It was observed
that unlike the duration of partial reflection by dielectric layers, the
measured reflection duration of barriers is independent of their length. The
experimental results point to a nonlocal behaviour of evanescent modes at least
over a distance of some ten wavelengths. Evanescent modes correspond to
photonic tunnelling in quantum mechanics.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
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