ANÁLISE EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DA TUBERCULOSE NO BRASIL ENTRE 2020 A 2023

It is understood that the disease Tuberculosis (TB) is considered an infectious disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Of course, it is known that transmission occurs via air, from an infected person, who expels aerosols from coughing, talking or sneezing, mainly affecting the lungs. The main symptoms are: cough for 3 weeks or more; afternoon fever; night sweats and weight loss. The study aims to analyze the epidemiology of Tuberculosis (TB) notifications in the last five years in Brazil. The research was carried out through an epidemiological, cross-sectional, descriptive study, carried out between 2020 and 2023, quantitative, with statistical information, being discussed in a qualitative way. In Brazil, 391,365 notifications for Tuberculosis were recorded, and the Southeast and Northeast Regions had the highest incidence rates and the highest amount of mortality. Therefore, it is observed that the most affected profile are men, aged between 20-59, with a significant number of cures and new cases are the ones that predominateCompreende-se que a enfermidade Tuberculose (TB) é considerada uma doença infectocontagiosa, causada pela Mycobacterium tuberculosis.  De certo, sabe-se que a transmissão acontece por via aérea, a partir de uma pessoa contaminada, a qual expele aerossóis advindos da tosse, fala ou espirro, acometendo, principalmente, o pulmão. Os principais sintomas são : tosse por 3 semanas ou mais; febre vespertina; sudorese noturna e  emagrecimento. O estudo tem como escopo analisar a epidemiologia das notificações  da Tuberculose (TB)  nos   últimos   cinco   anos  no   Brasil. Realizou-se  a pesquisa  através  do  estudo epidemiológico, transversal, descritivo, pregressa entre 2020 a 2023, quantitativo, com informações estatísticas, sendo discutidas de maneira qualitativa. No  Brasil  foram  registradas 391.365 notificações por Tuberculose, e as  Regiões  Sudeste e Nordeste  apresentaram  os  maiores  índices  de incidência e  a  maior  quantidade  de  mortalidade. Logo, observa-se que o perfil mais afetado são os homens, de faixa etária entre 20-59, com um número significativo de cura e os casos novos são os que predominam.Compreende-se que a enfermidade Tuberculose (TB) é considerada uma doença infectocontagiosa, causada pela Mycobacterium tuberculosis.  De certo, sabe-se que a transmissão acontece por via aérea, a partir de uma pessoa contaminada, a qual expele aerossóis advindos da tosse, fala ou espirro, acometendo, principalmente, o pulmão. Os principais sintomas são : tosse por 3 semanas ou mais; febre vespertina; sudorese noturna e  emagrecimento. O estudo tem como escopo analisar a epidemiologia das notificações  da Tuberculose (TB)  nos   últimos   cinco   anos  no   Brasil. Realizou-se  a pesquisa  através  do  estudo epidemiológico, transversal, descritivo, pregressa entre 2020 a 2023, quantitativo, com informações estatísticas, sendo discutidas de maneira qualitativa. No  Brasil  foram  registradas 391.365 notificações por Tuberculose, e as  Regiões  Sudeste e Nordeste  apresentaram  os  maiores  índices  de incidência e  a  maior  quantidade  de  mortalidade. Logo, observa-se que o perfil mais afetado são os homens, de faixa etária entre 20-59, com um número significativo de cura e os casos novos são os que predominam

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

A formação dos professores de karate: um estudo na cidade de Fortaleza / The training of karate teachers: a study in the city of Fortaleza

O Karate é uma arte marcial japonesa, que significa mãos vazias por isso não se utiliza nenhuma arma e foi criado para fins de defesa. Essa arte marcial tornou-se popular a partir do século XX e sua popularização veio depois que alguns mestres fizeram uma demonstração de Karate em Okinawa. O Karate tem também toda uma questão filosófica e pedagógica onde é trabalhado o sistema Budo (Caminho Marcial). Objetiva-se através dessa pesquisaidentificar como se dar a formação do professor de Karate. O cenário da pesquisa aconteceu emacademias, clubes e colégios que oferecem a modalidade de Karate, do município de Fortaleza-CE.Participaram da pesquisa professores de Karate formados em Educação Física e não formados em Educação Física. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário semiestruturado. Os principais resultados foram conhecer a formação inicial dos professores, verificar a formação continuada e as influências fundamentais para esses professores. Conclui-se que a maioria dos professores de Karate são formados em Educação Física, o que representa 64,28%, e que os professores formados tem maior possibilidade de vínculo empregatício, também observou que os professores formados procuram se aperfeiçoar mais na área devido a sua conscientização sobre a importância de continuar se atualizando e que a grande influência, no Karate, tanto para os formados como para os não formados foram os antigos mestre do Karate. 

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data