Control of typhoid fever by vaccination

No Abstract

Alice J. and N. J. Campbell to Mr. Meredith (2 October 1962)

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/mercorr_pro/1480/thumbnail.jp

Polar Bear Distribution and Abundance on the Southwestern Hudson Bay Coast During Open Water Season, in Relation to Population Trends and Annual Ice Patterns

In Hudson Bay, all the ice melts in summer, and the last areas to be ice-free (around mid-to-late July) are usually off the coasts of Manitoba and Ontario. Thus, all polar bears are forced ashore to fast until freeze-up in November (ca. four months). Pregnant females remain ashore for eight months. In most years from 1963 through 1997, aerial surveys to monitor polar bear populations were conducted along all or part of the coastline between Cape Churchill, Manitoba, and Cape Henrietta Maria, Ontario, in late August and early September. Satellite data, from which breakup and ice absence times could be estimated, first became available in 1971. The numbers of animals counted were tallied in two subareas within Manitoba and three within Ontario. We evaluated the coastal counts, along with independent data on the movements of tagged bears and annual patterns of ice breakup from 1971 through 1996. We concluded that 1) the coastal survey data reliably indicated the population trends in Manitoba and Ontario; 2) little exchange occurred between the Western Hudson Bay (Manitoba) and Southern Hudson Bay (Ontario) populations; 3) between 1971 and 2001, there was a statistically significant trend toward earlier breakup of sea ice off the Manitoba coast, but not off the Ontario coast; 4) the onset of ice absence along the coast had no significant relationship to the number of bears present in each sub-sampling area within either the Manitoba or the Ontario population, but did significantly influence the distribution of bears on the coastline of each province independently of the other; 5) timing of the surveys can influence the results; and 6) adult male and female bears both showed a high degree of fidelity to specific areas during summer, independent of the pattern of ice breakup.Dans la baie d'Hudson, toute la glace fond en été, et les dernières zones à être non englacées (du milieu à la fin de juillet environ) se trouvent généralement au large des côtes du Manitoba et de l'Ontario. Ainsi, tous les ours polaires sont forcés de rester sur la terre ferme et de jeûner jusqu'à l'engel en novembre (soit environ quatre mois). Les femelles gravides, elles, restent sur la terre ferme pendant huit mois. Presque chaque année entre 1963 et 1997, à la fin août et au début de septembre, on a effectué des relevés aériens pour surveiller les populations d'ours polaires le long du littoral entre Cape Churchill, au Manitoba, et Cape Henrietta-Maria, en Ontario. Les données satellitaires, qui ont permis d'estimer la période de la débâcle et celle de l'absence de glace, sont devenues disponibles à partir de 1971. Le nombre d'animaux repérés a été inventorié comme provenant de deux sous-zones à l'intérieur du Manitoba et de trois à l'intérieur de l'Ontario. On a évalué le dénombrement des relevés côtiers ainsi que des données indépendantes sur les déplacements d'ours marqués et les schémas annuels de débâcle de 1971 à la fin de 1996. On en a conclu que: 1) les données des relevés côtiers révélaient de façon fiable les tendances démographiques au Manitoba et en Ontario; 2) il n'y avait que peu d'échanges entre les populations de la baie d'Hudson occidentale (Manitoba) et de la baie d'Hudson méridionale (Ontario); 3) entre 1971 et 2001, il y a eu une tendance statistiquement significative à une débâcle précoce au large du littoral manitobain, mais pas au large du littoral ontarien; 4) le début de l'absence de glace le long de la côte n'avait pas de lien marqué avec le nombre d'ours présents dans chaque secteur de sous-échantillonnage, au sein de la population du Manitoba ou de celle de l'Ontario, mais cette absence de glace avait une forte incidence sur la distribution des ours le long de la côte de chaque province indépendamment l'une de l'autre; 5) le choix de l'époque des relevés peut influencer les résultats; et 6), durant l'été, les ours mâles comme femelles manifestaient une grande fidélité pour des secteurs spécifiques, indépendamment de l'évolution de la débâcle

Property A and CAT(0) cube complexes

Property A is a non-equivariant analogue of amenability defined for metric spaces. Euclidean spaces and trees are examples of spaces with Property A. Simultaneously generalising these facts, we show that finite-dimensional CAT(0) cube complexes have Property A. We do not assume that the complex is locally finite. We also prove that given a discrete group acting properly on a finite-dimensional CAT(0) cube complex the stabilisers of vertices at infinity are amenable

The Extracellular Vesicle Citrullinome and Signature in a Piglet Model of Neonatal Seizures

Neonatal seizures are commonly associated with acute perinatal brain injury, while understanding regarding the downstream molecular pathways related to seizures remains unclear. Furthermore, effective treatment and reliable biomarkers are still lacking. Post-translational modifications can contribute to changes in protein function, and post-translational citrullination, which is caused by modification of arginine to citrulline via the calcium-mediated activation of the pep-tidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzyme family, is being increasingly linked to neurological injury. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bilayer structures released from cells; they can be isolated from most body fluids and act as potential liquid biomarkers for disease conditions and response to treatment. As EVs carry a range of genetic and protein cargo that can be characteristic of pathological processes, the current study assessed modified citrullinated protein cargo in EVs isolated from plasma and CSF in a piglet neonatal seizure model, also following phenobarbitone treatment. Our findings provide novel insights into roles for PAD-mediated changes on EV signatures in neonatal seizures and highlight the potential of plasma-and CSF-EVs to monitor responses to treatment

Understanding constraint expressions in large conceptual schemas by automatic filtering

Human understanding of constraint expressions (also called schema rules) in large conceptual schemas is very di cult. This is due to the fact that the elements (entity types, attributes, relationship types) involved in an expression are de ned in di fferent places in the schema, which may be very distant from each other and embedded in an intricate web of irrelevant elements. The problem is insignifi cant when the conceptual schema is small, but very signi cant when it is large. In this paper we describe a novel method that, given a set of constraint expressions and a large conceptual schema, automatically filters the conceptual schema, obtaining a smaller one that contains the elements of interest for the understanding of the expressions. We also show the application of the method to the important case of understanding the specication of event types, whose constraint expressions consists of a set of pre and postconditions. We have evaluated the method by means of its application to a set of large conceptual schemas. The results show that the method is eff ective and e cient. We deal with conceptual schemas in UML/OCL, but the method can be adapted to other languages.Peer ReviewedPreprin

Optimal combinable and dedicated energy crop scenarios for marginal land

Modern biomass energy sources account for less than 2% of primary world energy supplies while major economies have enabled legislation that aims to increase bioenergy production. In response to controversies over first generation biofuel, it has been argued that ‘marginal land’ should be used to produce dedicated energy crops (DECs). However, defining marginality of agricultural land is complex, and moreover, DECs would have to out-compete current agricultural production in these areas. Utilising a bio-economic farm-level modelling approach we investigate the impact that crop yield penalties resulting from production in marginal land contexts have on financially optimal farm-level crop plans. Where farm businesses choose to de-invest in own farm machinery, yield reductions of less than 10% for winter wheat result in a financially optimal switch to 100% miscanthus production. By contrast, in the presence of own farm machinery, winter wheat yield penalties of 30% are required before 100% miscanthus production is financially optimal. However, under circumstances where DECs also suffer yield penalties on marginal land, the financially optimal crop mix includes combinable crops. The results demonstrate that the optimal crop mix is dependent upon the relative combinable and DEC yields, together with farm-level decisions towards machinery ownership. The focus of much policy attention relating to production of DECs on ‘marginal land’ is therefore argued to be incomplete. Policies which encourage farmers to de-invest in own farm machinery, or incentivise the purchase of specific DEC machinery, may play an important role in assisting the development of DEC production

Profiting from Mean-Reverting Yield Curve Trading Strategies

Published in Journal of Fixed Income, 2006, 15 (4), 20-33. https://doi.org/10.3905/jfi.2006.627836</p