Lo que cuentan las mujeres. Vivencias y trayectorias terapéuticas de usuarias de los servicios de Interrupción Voluntaria del Embarazo en Montevideo, Cerro Largo y Paysandú.

En el último año, Uruguay se ha posicionado a la vanguardia garantizando ejercicio de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, al aprobar una ley que despenaliza la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo (IVE). A más de un año del inicio de la implementación de estos servicios, este reporte presenta los hallazgos de una investigación realizada por Médicos del Mundo Francia en Uruguay, que pretende relevar las vivencias y las trayectorias de las mujeres usuarias de los servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva (SSR) y la prestación de IVE que se brinda a través de este servicio.El presente estudio ha sido posible gracias a la ayuda de muchas personas. Principalmente agradecemos la colaboración de la organización Iniciativas Sanitarias, la direccion del CHPR, las direcciones de los centros de salud de ASSE de Cerro Largo y Paysandú, los profesionales dentro de los servicios de SSR accedidos, a la organización Mujeres en el Horno y a la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad de la República. Un agradecimiento muy especial a las mujeres que estuvieron dispuestas a compartir con nosotros sus vivencias

SIRT1 regulates Mxd1 during malignant melanoma progression

In a murine melanoma model, malignant transformation promoted by a sustained stress condition was causally related to increased levels of reactive oxygen species resulting in DNA damage and massive epigenetic alterations. Since the chromatin modifier Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is a protein attracted to double-stranded DNA break (DSB) sites and can recruit other components of the epigenetic machinery, we aimed to define the role of SIRT1 in melanomagenesis through our melanoma model. The DNA damage marker, gamma H2AX was found increased in melanocytes after 24 hours of deadhesion, accompanied by increased SIRT1 expression and decreased levels of its target, H4K16ac. Moreover, SIRT1 started to be associated to DNMT3B during the stress condition, and this complex was maintained along malignant progression. Mxd1 was identified by ChIP-seq among the DNA sequences differentially associated with SIRT1 during deadhesion and was shown to be a common target of both, SIRT1 and DNMT3B. In addition, Mxd1 was found downregulated from pre-malignant melanocytes to metastatic melanoma cells. Treatment with DNMT inhibitor 5AzaCdR reversed the Mxd1 expression. Sirt1 stable silencing increased Mxd1 mRNA expression and led to down-regulation of MYC targets, such as Cdkn1a, Bcl2 and Psen2, whose upregulation is associated with human melanoma aggressiveness and poor prognosis. We demonstrated a novel role of the stress responsive protein SIRT1 in malignant transformation of melanocytes associated with deadhesion. Mxd1 was identified as a new SIRT1 target gene. SIRT1 promoted Mxd1 silencing, which led to increased activity of MYC oncogene contributing to melanoma progression.FAPESP [2011/0166-38, 2011/12306-1, 2014/13663-0, 2015/07925-5, 2016/06488-3]DAAD [PKZ A/12/79134]FAPESP/BAYLAT [2012/51300-7]Univ Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Pharmacol, Ontogeny & Epigenet Lab, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Med Sch, Dept Genet, Ribeirao Preto, SP, BrazilFriedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg FAU, Inst Pathol, Expt Tumorpathol, Erlangen, GermanyFriedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg FAU, Dept Pediat & Adolescent Med, Erlangen, GermanyUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Pharmacol, Ontogeny & Epigenet Lab, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilFAPESP [2011/0166-38, 2011/12306-1, 2014/13663-0, 2015/07925-5, 2016/06488-3]DAAD [PKZ A/12/79134]FAPESP/BAYLAT [2012/51300-7]Web of Scienc

Saúde do idoso e a saúde da família

Esta obra, que faz parte da coleção "Cadernos de Saúde da Família", elaborada pela UNA-SUS/UFMA, é composta por dois capítulos, que são: "Políticas, programas e rede de atenção à saúde do idoso", que analisa o processo de envelhecimento no Brasil e a instituição de programas e políticas que visam garantir o direito à saúde para população idosa; e "Principais agravos crônicos de saúde da pessoa idosa", que descreve o diagnóstico e o manejo clínico dos principais agravos na saúde do idoso

Evolução do Estado Nutricional de Pacientes com Fibrose Cística em Uso de Suplementação Nutricional por Gastrostomia

Introdução: A nutrição tem papel essencial na sobrevida e qualidade de vida de pacientes com Fibrose Cística (FC). O Objetivo desse estudo foi acompanhar a evolução do estado nutricional de pacientes com FC em uso de suplementação nutricional por gastrostomia. Métodos: Estudo longitudinal retrospectivo com todos os pacientes com FC e em uso de suplementação nutricional com dieta hipercalórica por gastrostomia em um centro de referência no sul do Brasil. Os pacientes foram acompanhados nos períodos de 6 meses antes, no momento da instalação da gastrostomia, 6 meses, 1 ano e 2 anos após o procedimento. Os parâmetros nutricionais utilizados foram escore Z para peso/idade e estatura/idade, percentil de índice de massa corpórea (PIMC), além de medidas de composição corporal. Foram obtidos dados de função pulmonar e de ingestão alimentar. Resultados: Foram avaliados dez pacientes, sendo sete (70%) do sexo masculino. A idade média da instalação da gastros-tomia foi de 9,8 (3,8) anos. O ganho de peso foi de 8,35 Kg (P =0,007) e o de estatura de 16,2cm (

Cartas aos narradores urbanos: Etnografia de rua na Porto Alegre das intervenções artísticas

Esta expografia apresenta a pesquisa antropológica desenvolvida em 2017 pela equipe de alunos e professores do Núcleo de Antropologia Visual (NAVISUAL-UFRGS). O contexto é Porto Alegre; a motivação intelectual, o diálogo com autores que, de alguma forma, exaltam as experiências de deslocamento na cidade para colecionar imagens que nascem da observação, da escuta, de sua captação pela ação etnográfica de pesquisadores, e seus registros tecnológicos (fotografia, vídeo, som). A leitura das obras resenhadas orienta a equipe na construção de categorias interpretativas, um campo semântico que nos estimula na ordenação das figuras em constelações de imagens. A equipe homenageia nove narradores urbanos, a quem redige cartas que recitam a experiência da pesquisa. Esta consistiu em quatro saídas a campo, em quatro territorialidades na cidade de Porto Alegre, que, em comum, se beneficiaram com a presença de intervenções artísticas, as artes-cidade. Para percorrer ruas e passagens, e para nos deslocar nas paisagens que fazem palpitar a vida urbana, convidamos artistas de rua, ou coordenadores de projetos artísticos, para partilharem com nossa equipe suas reflexões. Acompanhados por esses interlocutores, descobrimos novas formas de perceber a cidade: a Porto Alegre das intervenções artísticas. Convidados pelo programa de extensão do Departamento de Difusão Cultural da UFRGS e sob a curadoria do técnico administrativo e antropólogo Rafael Derois dos Santos, compartilhamos com os flâneurs, no espaço da Reitoria, esta exposição da UNIFOTO, DDC, UFRGS

Effects of pretreatment on morphology, chemical composition and enzymatic digestibility of eucalyptus bark: a potentially valuable source of fermentable sugars for biofuel production – part 1

Abstract\ud \ud \ud \ud Background\ud \ud In recent years, the growing demand for biofuels has encouraged the search for different sources of underutilized lignocellulosic feedstocks that are available in sufficient abundance to be used for sustainable biofuel production. Much attention has been focused on biomass from grass. However, large amounts of timber residues such as eucalyptus bark are available and represent a potential source for conversion to bioethanol. In the present paper, we investigate the effects of a delignification process with increasing sodium hydroxide concentrations, preceded or not by diluted acid, on the bark of two eucalyptus clones: Eucalyptus grandis (EG) and the hybrid, E. grandis x urophylla (HGU). The enzymatic digestibility and total cellulose conversion were measured, along with the effect on the composition of the solid and the liquor fractions. Barks were also assessed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-Ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).\ud \ud \ud \ud Results\ud \ud Compositional analysis revealed an increase in the cellulose content, reaching around 81% and 76% of glucose for HGU and EG, respectively, using a two-step treatment with HCl 1%, followed by 4% NaOH. Lignin removal was 84% (HGU) and 79% (EG), while the hemicellulose removal was 95% and 97% for HGU and EG, respectively. However, when we applied a one-step treatment, with 4% NaOH, higher hydrolysis efficiencies were found after 48 h for both clones, reaching almost 100% for HGU and 80% for EG, in spite of the lower lignin and hemicellulose removal. Total cellulose conversion increased from 5% and 7% to around 65% for HGU and 59% for EG. NMR and FTIR provided important insight into the lignin and hemicellulose removal and SEM studies shed light on the cell-wall unstructuring after pretreatment and lignin migration and precipitation on the fibers surface, which explain the different hydrolysis rates found for the clones.\ud \ud \ud \ud Conclusion\ud \ud Our results show that the single step alkaline pretreatment improves the enzymatic digestibility of Eucalyptus bark. Furthermore, the chemical and physical methods combined in this study provide a better comprehension of the pretreatment effects on cell-wall and the factors that influence enzymatic digestibility of this forest residue.The authors are grateful to FAPESP and CNPq for the financial support for this work via grants # 2010/11135-6; 2009/18354-8; 2010/08370-3; 2008/ 56255-9 and 2010/52362-5 (FAPESP); grants # 159341/2011-6; 482166/ 2010-0 and 490022/2009-0 (CNPq), Projeto INCT do Bioetanol (CNPq/ FAPESP), to USP for the financial via NAP Centro de Instrumentação para Estudos Avançados de Materiais Nanoestruturados e Biossistemas and NAP de Bioenergia e Sustentabilidade, and European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme SUNLIBB (FP7/2007-2013) under the grant agreement n° 251132. We are also grateful to Valeria Gazda for the help with furfural and 5-HMF chromatographic analysis and Caragh Whitehead for the paper review. The electron microscopy work has been performed on the microscopes JSM-5900LV and Quanta 650-FEG at LME/LNNano/ CNPEM, Campinas

Effects of pretreatment on morphology, chemical composition and enzymatic digestibility of eucalyptus bark: a potentially valuable source of fermentable sugars for biofuel production - part 1

Background: In recent years, the growing demand for biofuels has encouraged the search for different sources of underutilized lignocellulosic feedstocks that are available in sufficient abundance to be used for sustainable biofuel production. Much attention has been focused on biomass fromgrass. However, large amounts of timber residues such as eucalyptus bark are available and represent a potential source for conversion to bioethanol. In the present paper, we investigate the effects of a delignification process with increasing sodium hydroxide concentrations, preceded or not by diluted acid, on the bark of two eucalyptus clones: Eucalyptus grandis (EG) and the hybrid, E. grandis x urophylla (HGU). The enzymatic digestibility and total cellulose conversion were measured, along with the effect on the composition of the solid and the liquor fractions. Barks were also assessed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-Ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Compositional analysis revealed an increase in the cellulose content, reaching around 81% and 76% of glucose for HGU and EG, respectively, using a two-step treatment with HCl 1%, followed by 4% NaOH. Lignin removal was 84% (HGU) and 79% (EG), while the hemicellulose removal was 95% and 97% for HGU and EG, respectively. However, when we applied a one-step treatment, with 4% NaOH, higher hydrolysis efficiencies were found after 48 h for both clones, reaching almost 100% for HGU and 80% for EG, in spite of the lower lignin and hemicellulose removal. Total cellulose conversion increased from 5% and 7% to around 65% for HGU and 59% for EG. NMR and FTIR provided important insight into the lignin and hemicellulose removal and SEM studies shed light on the cell-wall unstructuring after pretreatment and lignin migration and precipitation on the fibers surface, which explain the different hydrolysis rates found for the clones. Conclusion: Our results show that the single step alkaline pretreatment improves the enzymatic digestibility of Eucalyptus bark. Furthermore, the chemical and physical methods combined in this study provide a better comprehension of the pretreatment effects on cell-wall and the factors that influence enzymatic digestibility of this forest residue.FAPESP (10/11135-6, 09/18354-8, 10/08370-3, 08/56255-9, 10/52362-5)CNPq (159341/2011-6, 482166/2010-0, 490022/2009-0)European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme SUNLIBB (FP7/2007-2013)INCT do BioetanolNúcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Bioenergia e Sustentabilidade (NAPBS)Centro de Instrumentação para Estudos Avançados de Materiais Nanoestruturados e Biossistemas (CIEA_MNB

The germline mutational landscape of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Brazil

The detection of germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 is essential to the formulation of clinical management strategies, and in Brazil, there is limited access to these services, mainly due to the costs/availability of genetic testing. Aiming at the identification of recurrent mutations that could be included in a low-cost mutation panel, used as a first screening approach, we compiled the testing reports of 649 probands with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants referred to 28 public and private health care centers distributed across 11 Brazilian States. Overall, 126 and 103 distinct mutations were identified in BRCA1 and BRCA2, respectively. Twenty-six novel variants were reported from both genes, and BRCA2 showed higher mutational heterogeneity. Some recurrent mutations were reported exclusively in certain geographic regions, suggesting a founder effect. Our findings confirm that there is significant molecular heterogeneity in these genes among Brazilian carriers, while also suggesting that this heterogeneity precludes the use of screening protocols that include recurrent mutation testing only. This is the first study to show that profiles of recurrent mutations may be unique to different Brazilian regions. These data should be explored in larger regional cohorts to determine if screening with a panel of recurrent mutations would be effective.This work was supported in part by grants from Barretos Cancer Hospital (FINEP - CT-INFRA, 02/2010), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, 2013/24633-2 and 2103/23277-8), Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Norte (FAPERN), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS), Ministério da Saúde, the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (Avon grant #02-2013-044) and National Institute of Health/National Cancer Institute (grant #RC4 CA153828-01) for the Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network. Support in part was provided by grants from Fundo de Incentivo a Pesquisa e Eventos (FIPE) from Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, BioComputacional 3381/2013, Rede de Pesquisa em Genômica Populacional Humana), Secretaria da Saúde do Estado da Bahia (SESAB), Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular (UFBA), INCT pra Controle do Câncer and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). RMR and PAP are recipients of CNPq Productivity Grants, and Bárbara Alemar received a grant from the same agencyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio