Environmental perception analysis of inhabitants and visitors of Broa, Itirapina and Brotas reservoir, SP, Brasil

A importância de se entender as percepções e atitudes da população frente aos problemas ambientais e sociais consistem no fato de que esses resultados podem ser considerados como indicadores para formulação das políticas públicas locais. O estudo de percepção ambiental torna-se importante para compreender a maneira como o ser humano se interage com seu entorno, relacionando à qualidade ambiental e a de vida. O trabalho em questão teve como objetivo analisar a percepção ambiental de moradores e visitantes da Represa do Broa, Itirapina – Brotas, São Paulo – Brasil. Trata-se de um ambiente com significativo valor ambiental, pois seu entorno caracteriza-se por apresentar vegetação nativa conservada, além da represa estar inserida na Área de Proteção Ambiental Corumbataí/Botucatu/Tejupá. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de questionários, observação sistemática, fotodocumentação e análises dos pesquisadores referentes aos dados obtidos. A percepção analisada na Represa do Broa mostrou que moradores de sítios, chácaras e do bairro Santo Antônio, assim como os turistas que frequentam o local, possuem uma visão contextualizada das fragilidades e potencialidades da área necessárias para melhorias da região, que podem ser mitigadas através de aumento de infraestrutura básica, além de iniciativas para projetos e associações que visem ações educativas e comunitárias e o desenvolvimento sustentável para a região. Estas análises podem ser consideradas na proposição de políticas públicas e evidenciam a importância da participação das comunidades locais nas tomadas de decisão em prol das demandas e do anseio comum.Asociación de Universidades Grupo Montevide

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Periodontal disease and dyslipidemia in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients

Objetivo: O impacto da artrite idiopática juvenil (AIJ) nas doenças periodontais é controverso, provavelmente devido à heterogeneidade de sexo e idade. Assim sendo, avaliou-se uma população homogênea com AIJ em relação às doenças periodontais e dislipidemia. Métodos: Trinta e cinco pacientes púberes e pós-púberes com AIJ do sexo feminino e 35 controles saudáveis comparáveis em relação ao sexo e idade foram avaliadas de acordo com dados demográficos, avaliação periodontal e dental completa, lipoproteínas em jejum e anticorpos antilipoproteína lipase. Foram avaliados também os escores da AIJ, exames laboratoriais, raio-X panorâmico e tratamento. Resultados: A idade atual foi semelhante nas pacientes e controles (11,90 ± 2,0 vs. 12,50 ± 3,0 anos; p=0,289). As avaliações periodontais mostraram que índice gengival, índice de placa, índice de sangramento e índices clínicos de inserção dentária foram semelhantes em pacientes e controles (p > 0,05), com exceção do aumento gengival no primeiro grupo (p 0.05), except for gingival enlargement in former group (p < 0.0001). Further analysis of patients with and without gingivitis revealed that cyclosporine use was more often observed in JIA patients with gingivitis (37% vs. 0%, p=0.01), whereas no differences were evidenced in demographic, JIA scores, inflammatory markers, and lipid profile in both groups. Of note, parameters of periodontal assessment were correlated with JIA scores [gingival index (GI) and \"Escola Paulista de Medicina\" - Range of Motion (EPM-ROM) (rs=+0.392, p=0.024); gingival index (GI) and Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) (rs=+0.402, p=0.020); and plaque index (PI) and physician visual analog scale (VAS) (rs=+0.430, p=0.013)]. In addition, evaluation of dental assessment demonstrated that JIA activity scores had positive correlation with decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMF-T) and: juvenile arthritis disease activity score (JADAS-27) (rs=+0.364, p=0.037), physician VAS (rs=+0.401, p =0.021) and patient VAS (rs=+0.364, p=0.037). Conclusion: We demonstrated that periodontal and dental diseases were similar in JIA and controls, and we also showed that these conditions are influenced by disease parameter

Ansiedad y trastornos de la conducta alimentaria: estudio empírico sobre una muestra clínica y un grupo control

Fil: Persano, Humberto. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición, Argentina.Fil: Ciccioli, Melisa I. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición, Argentina.Fil: Gonzalo, Macarena. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición, Argentina.Fil: Jubany, Florencia A. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición, Argentina.Fil: Pugliese, Camila S. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición, Argentina.Fil: Soto, Sofía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Nutrición, Argentina.Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) son patologías severas de origen multifactorial, que afectan principalmente a mujeres jóvenes y adolescentes y generan riesgos para la salud de quien los padece. En distintos estudios se vinculan estos trastornos con los fenómenos de ansiedad.Eating disorders (ED) are serious pathologies of multifactorial origin, whichaffect adolescentsand young women. ED generate severe health risks. These disorders are linked to the anxiety phenomena, according to different studies

Assessment of antioxidants status and superoxide dismutase activity in HIV-infected children

Objective: This study aims to assess the nutritional status of selenium, copper and zinc; and also the erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity of HIV-infected children compared to a control group.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with prepubertal HIV-infected children (n = 51) and their healthy siblings (n = 32). All biochemical measurements including plasma selenium, serum copper levels, serum and erythrocyte zinc levels and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity were evaluated according to dietary, clinical and biochemical parameters.Results: Compared to the control group, the HIV-infected children had lower z-score values for height-for-age (p = 0.0006), higher prevalence of stunting (11.8%) (p = 0.047), lower selenium levels (p = 0.0006) and higher copper levels (p = 0.019). No difference was found concerning superoxide dismutase activity (p > 0.05). the HIV-infected group presented a higher proportion (45.1%) of children with zinc intakes below the estimated average requirement (p = 0.014); however, no association with zinc biochemical parameters was found.Conclusion: HIV-infected children have an inadequate selenium and copper nutritional status, which could influence the progression to AIDS. An adequate micronutrient status could improve the clinical conditions in these patients and minimize free radical production and cellular oxidative stress. (C) 2014 Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP EPM, Dept Pediat, Div Nutrol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP EPM, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Infect Dis, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, Dept Food & Expt Nutr, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP EPM, Dept Pediat, Div Nutrol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP EPM, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Infect Dis, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Vitaminas antioxidantes e prevenção da arteriosclerose na infância Antioxidant vitamins and prevention of atherosclerosis in childhood

OBJETIVO: Revisar os potenciais efeitos antioxidantes das vitaminas A, C e E na prevenção do desenvolvimento da arteriosclerose na infância, com ênfase na prevenção da dislipidemia. FONTES DE DADOS: Pesquisa bibliográfica em revistas científicas, livros técnicos e publicações de órgãos oficiais dos últimos 20 anos. Utilizaram-se as bases de dados Lilacs, SciELo e Medline em português, inglês e espanhol, com as palavras-chave: "antioxidantes", "arteriosclerose", "dislipidemias", "peroxidação de lipídeos", "infância", "vitamina A", "vitamina C" e "vitamina E". SÍNTESE DE DADOS: A prevalência de dislipidemia na infância e na adolescência mostra frequência crescente, provavelmente relacionada às mudanças dos hábitos alimentares e à redução na prática de atividades físicas. O elevado nível plasmático da lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL-c) é fator de risco para o desenvolvimento da arteriosclerose. O consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes, ricos em antioxidantes, é um dos fatores de maior importância na prevenção da peroxidação lipídica. A baixa ingestão dessas fontes naturais de antioxidantes sugere a necessidade de intervenção nutricional para atingir as metas diárias de consumo de vitaminas A, C e E, não sendo preconizada a sua suplementação medicamentosa. CONCLUSÕES: O pediatra e o nutricionista devem orientar as famílias sobre o consumo de alimentos saudáveis, principalmente frutas, verduras e legumes, por seu potencial efeito antioxidante, especialmente nos primeiros anos de vida.<br>OBJECTIVE: To review the potential antioxidant effects of vitamins A, C and E in the prevention of atherosclerosis development during childhood, emphasizing the prevention of dyslipidemia. DATA SOURCES: Bibliographic search in scientific journals, technical books and official publications of the last 20 years. Lilacs, SciElo and Medline databases were searched for articles in Portuguese, Spanish and English using a combination of the following terms: "antioxidants", "atherosclerosis", "dyslipidemia", "lipid peroxidation", "childhood", "vitamin A", "vitamin C" and "vitamin E". DATA SYNTHESIS: There is an increasing prevalence of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents, probably related to changes in dietary habits and to the reduced practice of physical activities. The high plasma concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c) is a risk factor for atherosclerosis development. The consumption of nutrients rich in antioxidants, such as fruits and vegetables, is very important to prevent lipid peroxidation. The low intake of these natural antioxidants sources suggests the need for nutritional intervention to achieve the daily ingestion targets of vitamins A, C and E. Vitamin supplementation is not recommended. CONCLUSIONS: Children should be encouraged to increase ingestion of fruits and vegetables due to their potential antioxidant effect, especially in the first years of life