Evaluacion de la construccion informal y sus efectos en la seguridad estructural de las viviendas, Distrito de Carabayllo - Lima, 2022

Esta investigación presenta como problema general: ¿Qué relación existe entre la construcción informal con la seguridad estructural de las viviendas del distrito de Carabayllo - Lima, 2022?, donde el objetivo general: Determinar la relación que existe entre la construcción informal con la seguridad estructural de las viviendas del distrito de Carabayllo - Lima, 2022, la hipótesis general: La construcción informal se relaciona con la seguridad estructural de las viviendas del distrito de Carabayllo – Lima, 2022. Se utilizó el método científico, tipo de investigación es aplicada, diseño no experimental, su población está constituido por las viviendas autoconstruidas de la Urb. San Antonio de Carabayllo; Para ello se analizó una vivienda de 3 niveles y azotea mediante el método estático no lineal (PUSHOVER) siguiendo las recomendaciones de las normativas del ASCE/SEI 41-17 y del SEAOC VISION 2000. Concluyendo que la construcción informal se relaciona con la seguridad estructural de las viviendas del distrito de Carabayllo – Lima, 2022, de los resultados obtenidos del análisis estático no lineal (PUSHOVER) se obtiene un desempeño de colapso en la dirección corta, donde no hay densidad suficiente de muros de albañilería y los pórticos son de dimensiones insuficientes. En la dirección larga se obtiene una gran densidad de muros y por ello se obtiene un buen desempeño de ocupación inmediata. En ese sentido la construcción informal no asegura que tenga un comportamiento y respuesta adecuada frente a influencias o acciones previsibles en la que pueda estar sometido durante el periodo de vida

Assessment of clogging effects on lateral hydraulics: proposing a monitoring and detection protocol

International audienceAgeing of drip irrigation systems due to clogging of emitters is considered the largest maintenance problem in microirrigation and this problem is enhanced in subsurface irrigation systems. Whatever the source of the clogging problem, a methodology for early detection of clogging in the field can be useful in decision-making about deploying cleaning processes (flushing or injection of chemicals) and avoiding replacement of laterals. This work presents a methodology for simulating clogging conditions able to reproduce the effects of clogging on pressure profiles, head loss, and emitters flow rate distribution along a single levelled lateral with constant inlet pressure. This methodology was validated by several experiments conducted under controlled conditions of clogging induced by changes in the flow rate of emitters. The effects of clogging intensity and position on hydraulic parameters of a single lateral were analysed in detail and aspects relating to pressure, head loss, and flow rate measurements were discussed. For a given lateral set-up, it is possible to draw a chart relating flow rate and head loss for various levels and positions of clogging. Assuming that measurements of head loss and flow rate are available, this diagram enables immediate estimation of the level and location of clogging

ENSO and light-absorbing impurities and their impact on snow albedo in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

Snow albedo is an important variable in the coupled atmosphere-earth system at the global level. Moreover, studying its behavior allows us to know the state of the cryosphere. The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM) is a glacier area and the northernmost tropical (10.82◦ N, 73.75◦ W) region in South America. It has a height of up to 5775 m.a.sl., which is the second highest mountain in the world near the marine coast. We analyzed variations in snow albedo related to snow cover, snowfall, temperature, light-absorbing impurities such as blank carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC) and dust, and El Niño—Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon through 20 years (2000–2020). We mainly use daily data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra and Aqua NASA satellites. Results showed through correlations that snow albedo has decreased due to Land Surface Temperature (55%, p < 0.001), a positive phase of ENSO (42%, p < 0.001) and dust (37%, p < 0.01) in the SNSM. Additionally, a dust negative effect was more evident on the southern side (up to 49%, p < 0.001) of the SNSM. Backward trajectories by the NOAA HYSPLIT model suggest that dust sources would be soil erosion in the surrounding region. Results can help recognize the influence of ENSO and dust in the glacier decrease of the SNSM.Fil: Bolaño Ortiz, Tomas Rafael. Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María; Chile. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Diaz Gutiérrez, Viverlys L.. Universidad del Magdalena; ColombiaFil: Camargo Caicedo, Yiniva. Universidad del Magdalena; Colombi

Analysis of Dispersion of the Pollutant PM2.5 by the La Leña Poultry Shop with the Langrangian Model in the Province of Huancayo, 2020

In the present work we seek to analyze the dispersion of the PM 2.5 pollutant by the "La Leña" poultry shop with the Langrangian model in the province of Huancayo in the year 2020, for this the dispersion of the PM2.5 pollutant was simulated with the Lagrangian Method and the GRAL model This is a model developed by the Technological University of Graz Switzerland that simulates atmospheric pollutants emitted by fixed sources, it was elaborated using meteorological data that were pre-processed according to the requirements of the GRAL program, the mathematical calculations of the estimation of the emission, exit velocity and volumetric flow, the minimum PM2.5 concentration was determined with 0.14523 μg/m3 of concentration in the same emission source, this is due to the speed and direction of the wind that disperses this pollutant from the same source, in the same way the highest concentration was registered, which was 0.82253 μg/m3 located in the Plaza Constitución. Likewise, it is concluded that according to the direction ofthe wind and therefore where there is more concentration is in the West Northwest zone of the fixed source of emission

Methodology to evaluate dripper sensitivity to clogging due to solid particles: an assessment

Emitter clogging is a major problem in microirrigation systems, which may result from the isolated or combined efects of physical, chemical, and biological agents. Clogging caused by suspended solid particles is the most common plugging form of emitters. Water quality and emitter geometry are key aspects in clogging processes. Any suitable test procedure to assess the sensitivity of drippers to clogging should take into account the predominant factors that infuence clogging and must reproduce the feld conditions. Tis research set out to assess the performance and suitability of a laboratory clogging test procedure in order to validate a methodology and to provide scientifc results that may support the standardization of a clogging test method. Te evaluated methodology has been used by the IRSTEA laboratory since 1974 (Platform of Research and experiment on Science and Technology for Irrigation - PReSTI, formerly LERMI) and its contents are currently being discussed by the ISO TC23/SC18 committee. Te aim is to defne a standardized testing protocol to evaluate the sensitivity of emitters to clogging due to solid particles. Replications analyzing the clogging resistance of four models of emitting pipes were carried out in a laboratory.Te clogging test procedure enabled an accurate assessment of the combinations of concentration and size of particles that caused clogging in each model of dripper. However, a signifcant variability in degree of clogging was identifed when the results of replications for each model of dripper were compared. Several requirements, concerns, and improvements related to the clogging test protocol were discussed.2018FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2015/19630-

Atmospheric emission changes and their economic impacts during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Argentina

This work studied the emission changes and their economic effects during the Argentina’s COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. We have analyzed the atmospheric emissions of the main greenhouse gases (GHG: CO2, CH4, and N2O) and other pollutants (NOx, CO, NMVOC, SO2, PM10, PM2.5, and BC) from various sectors such as private road transport, freight, public transport, agriculture machines, thermal power plants, residential, commercial, and governmental from January 2005 to April 2020. We focused on the months with the greatest restrictions of COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina (March and April 2020). The results show emissions reduction up to 37% for PM10, PM2.5, and BC, consistent with observed from satellite images and up to 160% for NOx, CO, NMVOC, and SOx. However, the residential sector has increased their emissions by 8% for the same period. As a consequence, 3337 Gg of CO2eq of GHG emissions were reduced, corresponding to a 20% reduction compared to the same period in 2019. Besides, a 26% reduction in gross domestic product (GDP) was observed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results show that each Tg of GHG reduction was associated to a 0.16% reduction of the GDP from the analyzed sectors. Thus, without a voluntary reduction in consumption associated to significant cultural and technological changes, reduction in GHG would still be associated with deepening inequalities and asymmetries between high and low consumption sectors (i.e., with better (lesser) education, health, and job opportunities), even within countries and cities.Fil: Bolaño Ortiz, Tomas Rafael. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; ArgentinaFil: Puliafito, Salvador Enrique. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Berná Peña, Lucas Luciano. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; Argentina. Ministerio de Ciencia. Tecnología e Innovación Productiva. Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica; ArgentinaFil: Pascual Flores, Romina María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; ArgentinaFil: Urquiza, Josefina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Camargo Caicedo, Yiniva. Universidad del Magdalena; Colombi

Scale-free correlations in the dynamics of a small (N ~ 10000) cortical network

The advent of novel opto-genetics technology allows the recording of brain activity with a resolution never seen before. The characterisation of these very large data sets offers new challenges as well as unique theory-testing opportunities. Here we discuss whether the spatial and temporal correlation of the collective activity of thousands of neurons are tangled as predicted by the theory of critical phenomena. The analysis shows that both, the correlation length $\xi$ and the correlation time $\tau$ scale as predicted as a function of the system size. With some peculiarities that we discuss, the analysis uncovers new evidence consistent with the view that the large scale brain cortical dynamics corresponds to critical phenomena.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

Spread of COVID-19, Meteorological Conditions and Air Quality in the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina: Two Facets Observed during Its Pandemic Lockdown

This work studied the spread of COVID-19, the meteorological conditions and the air quality in a megacity from two viewpoints: (1) the correlation between meteorological and air quality (PM10 and NO2) variables with infections and deaths due COVID-19, and (2) the improvement in air quality. Both analyses were performed for the pandemic lockdown due to COVID-19 in the City of Buenos Aires (CABA), the capital and the largest city in Argentina. Daily data from temperature, rainfall, average relative humidity, wind speed, PM10, NO2, new cases and deaths due COVID-19 were analyzed. Our findings showed a significant correlation of meteorological and air quality variables with COVID-19 cases. The highest temperature correlation occurred before the confirmation day of new cases. PM10 presented the highest correlation within 13 to 15 days lag, while NO2 within 3 to 6 days lag. Also, reductions in PM10 and NO2 were observed. This study shows that exposure to air pollution was significantly correlated with an increased risk of becoming infected and dying due to COVID-19. Thus, these results show that the NO2 and PM10 levels in CABA can serve as one of the indicators to assess vulnerability to COVID-19. In addition, decision-makers can use this information to adopt strategies to restrict human mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic and future outbreaks of similar diseases in CABA.Fil: Bolaño Ortiz, Tomas Rafael. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional de Mendoza; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pascual Flores, Romina María. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Puliafito, Salvador Enrique. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional de Mendoza; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Camargo Caicedo, Yiniva. Universidad del Magdalena; ColombiaFil: Berná Peña, Lucas Luciano. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional de Mendoza; Argentina. Ministerio de Ciencia. Tecnología e Innovación Productiva. Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica; ArgentinaFil: Ruggeri, María Florencia. Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria; Chile. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Noreña, Ana Isabel. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional de Mendoza; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Tames, María Florencia. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional de Mendoza; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cereceda Balic, Francisco. Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria; Chil

Plasmodium malariae in the Colombian Amazon region : You don't diagnose what you don't suspect

Background: Malaria is a worldwide public health problem; parasites from the genus Plasmodium spp. are the aetiological agent of this disease. The parasite is mainly diagnosed by microscope-based techniques. However, these have limited sensitivity. Many asymptomatic infections are sub-microscopic and can only be detected by molecular methods. This study was aimed at comparing nested PCR results to those obtained by microscope for diagnosing malaria and to present epidemiological data regarding malaria in Colombia's Amazon department. Methods: A total of 1392 blood samples (taken by venepuncture) from symptomatic patients in Colombia's Amazon department were analysed in parallel by thick blood smear (TBS) test and nested PCR for determining Plasmodium spp. infection and identifying infecting species, such as Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae and/or Plasmodium falciparum. Descriptive statistics were used for comparing the results from both tests regarding detection of the disease, typing infecting species and their prevalence in the study region. Bearing the microscope assay in mind as gold standard, PCR diagnosis performance was evaluated by statistical indicators. Conclusion: The present study revealed great differences between both diagnostic tests, as well as suggesting high P. malariae prevalence from a molecular perspective. This differed profoundly from previous studies in this region of Colombia, usually based on the TBS test, suggesting that diagnosis by conventional techniques could lead to underestimating the prevalence of certain Plasmodium spp. having high circulation in this area. The present results highlight the need for modifying state malaria surveillance schemes for more efficient strategies regarding the detection of this disease in endemic areas. The importance of PCR as a back-up test in cases of low parasitaemia or mixed infection is also highlighted. © 2016 The Author(s)