Las fíbulas del Castro de Las Cogotas (Cardeñosa, Ávila)

Se analiza un conjunto de 82 fíbulas procedentes del castro de Las Cogotas (Cardeñosa, Ávila), la mayoría de ellas recuperadas durante las excavaciones de Juan Cabré en los años 30 del s. XX. A partir de su estudio crono-tipológico se determina que la mayoría de ellas pertenecen a los momentos más tardíos de la vida del castro, ca. S. II a.C., a diferencia de las fíbulas de la necrópolis, que se fechan generalmente en un momento anterior

An agent-based Internet of Things platform for distributed real time machine control

[EN] The way in which the Internet of Things and the Web of Things improve everyday objects may seem obvious; elements that make up our daily life are increasingly interconnected and it is becoming more common for us to be surrounded by them. However, the possibilities these technologies offer are not only limited to routinely used objects. By adapting these still emerging technologies, any kind of an object can achieve better performance. They can, for example be applied to research tools, to obtain faster search results and improve the user's experience. The presented work follows these lines; we present a Web-operated machine for the study of the behaviour of certain animals. In addition, the proposed architecture favours the addition of cognitive abilities, due to the inclusion of a Multi-Agent System

Relationship recommender system in a business and employment-oriented social network

[EN] In the last ten years, social networks have had a great influence on people’s lifestyles and have changed, above all, the way users communicate and relate. This is why, one of the main lines of research in the field of social networks focuses on finding and analyzing possible connections between users. These developments allow users to expand on their network of contacts without having to search among the total set of users. However, there are many types of social networks which attract users with specific needs, these needs influence on the type of contacts users are looking for. Our article proposes a relationship recommender system for a business and employment-oriented social network. The presented system functions by extracting relevant information from the social network which it then uses to adequately recommend new contacts and job offers to users. The recommender system uses information gathered from job offer descriptions, user profiles and users’ actions. Then, different metrics are applied in order to discover new ties that are likely to convert into relationships

Detection of Cattle Using Drones and Convolutional Neural Networks

[EN] Multirotor drones have been one of the most important technological advances of the last decade. Their mechanics are simple compared to other types of drones and their possibilities in flight are greater. For example, they can take-off vertically. Their capabilities have therefore brought progress to many professional activities. Moreover, advances in computing and telecommunications have also broadened the range of activities in which drones may be used. Currently, artificial intelligence and information analysis are the main areas of research in the field of computing. The case study presented in this article employed artificial intelligence techniques in the analysis of information captured by drones. More specifically, the camera installed in the drone took images which were later analyzed using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to identify the objects captured in the images. In this research, a CNN was trained to detect cattle, however the same training process could be followed to develop a CNN for the detection of any other object. This article describes the design of the platform for real-time analysis of information and its performance in the detection of cattle

A FUNÇÃO DO JUIZ PENAL PARA VALIDAR PROVAS ILEGAIS NO PROCESSO PENAL COLOMBIANO

The purpose of the research, is both theoretically and practically, one of the most demanding, interesting and relevant areas of the entire legal system. By them we will arrive, if they are applied in the proper way, to truth and material justice, and if we do not do so, we will configure serious violations of the entire legal system with its fundamental guarantees. In this sense, the materialization of due process through the duty to exclude irregular evidence becomes a fundamental matter, framed in the imperative to distinguish which ones are illegal, which should be excluded without being based on a decision, and may have some indirect and impact on the decision when there are conditions of remission or applicability of other material. At the same time, we will have to identify which ones are illegal and will imply the duty to exclude themselves without conditions and the nullity of the entire process, particularly for configuring a violation of human rights. Establishing the categories, imperatives, purposes and methodologies for the proper development of these tools of an evidentiary nature will allow the judge to adequately structure the factual premise of judicial decisions.El objeto de las pruebas es tanto teórica como práctica una de las áreas más exigentes, interesantes y relevantes de todo el sistema jurídico. Por ellas llegaremos, si se aplican de la adecuada forma, a la verdad y la justicia material, y de no hacerlo, configuraremos graves violaciones a todo el ordenamiento jurídico con sus garantías fundamentales. En tal sentido, la materialización del debido proceso a través del deber de excluir las pruebas irregulares se vuelve una materia fundamental, enmarcado en el imperativo de distinguir cuáles son ilegales, que deberán excluirse sin ser base una decisión, pudiendo tener algún indirecto e impacto en la decisión cuando hay condiciones de remisión o de aplicabilidad de otro material. A la vez que habremos de identificar cuáles son ilícitas e implicarán el deber de excluirse sin condiciones y la nulidad de todo el proceso, particularmente por configurar una violación de los derechos humanos. Establecer las categorías, los imperativos, las finalidades y las metodologías para el adecuado desarrollo de estas herramientas de carácter probatorio permitirán al juez estructurar adecuadamente la premisa fáctica de las decisiones judicial.Le sujet de la preuve est, tant sur le plan théorique que pratique, l’un des domaines les plus exigeants, les plus intéressants et les plus pertinents de tout le système juridique. Grâce à elle, si elle est appliquée de la bonne manière, nous arriverons à la vérité et à la justice matérielle, et dans le cas contraire, nous constituerons de graves violations de tout le système juridique avec ses garanties fondamentales. Dans ce sens, la matérialisation du procès équitable à travers le devoir d’exclure les preuves irrégulières devient une question fondamentale, encadrée dans l’impératif de distinguer quelles sont les preuves illégales, celles qui doivent être exclues sans être la base d’une décision, et celles qui peuvent avoir un impact indirect sur la décision lorsqu’il existe des conditions de remise ou d’applicabilité d’autres matériels. Dans le même temps, nous devrons identifier celles qui sont illégales et qui impliquent le devoir de les exclure inconditionnellement et la nullité de tout le processus, notamment pour avoir constitué une violation des droits de l’homme. L’établissement des catégories, des impératifs, des objectifs et des méthodologies pour le développement approprié de ces outils de preuve permettra au juge de structurer adéquatement les prémisses factuelles des décisions judiciaires.O tema da prova é tanto teoricamente como praticamente uma das áreas mais exigentes, interessantes e relevantes de todo o sistema jurídico. Através dele, se for aplicado da forma correcta, chegaremos à verdade e à justiça material, e se não o for, constituiremos graves violações de todo o sistema jurídico com as suas garantias fundamentais. Neste sentido, a materialização do processo equitativo através do dever de excluir provas irregulares torna-se uma questão fundamental, enquadrada no imperativo de distinguir quais as provas ilegais, que devem ser excluídas sem serem a base de uma decisão, e que podem ter um impacto indirecto na decisão quando existem condições de remissão ou de aplicabilidade de outro material. Ao mesmo tempo, teremos de identificar os que são ilegais e implicará o dever de os excluir incondicionalmente e a nulidade de todo o processo, particularmente por constituírem uma violação dos direitos humanos. O estabelecimento das categorias, imperativos, objectivos e metodologias para o desenvolvimento adequado destes instrumentos probatórios permitirá ao juiz estruturar adequadamente a premissa factual das decisões judiciais

Gilded bronze fibulae with triangles on the bridge and covered spring

Se presenta un nuevo grupo de fíbulas hispanas y se analiza su desarrollo tipológico a partir de una aproximación contextual e histórica. Se expone la necesidad de nuevos estudios de tipología de largo alcance cultural; se critican las tipologías basadas en ámbitos culturales o cronológicos, y se reivindica la actualidad de este tipo de estudios para la recuperación y protección del patrimonio. El catálogo lo integran sólo cuatro ejemplares de forma de inspiración lateniense, uniforme en su forma y decoración. Así lo evidencian sus largos resortes cubiertos, los apéndices caudales laminares o los motivos y las técnicas decorativas utilizadas (impresión y dorado). Aunque las condiciones de los hallazgos no permiten precisar la cronología de la mayoría de las piezas, se sugiere una fecha entre finales del s. IV e inicios del III a. C. para su producción, lo que confirman los paralelos formales y decorativos, que remiten a las áreas ibérica y celtibérica, acorde con la distribución del grupo, en su mayoría piezas procedentes del Levante. No obstante, el hallazgo de una de estas fíbulas en el Cerro de las Albahacas, escenario de la batalla de Baecula, plantea su perduración hasta el 208 a. C.This paper presents a new group of Hispanic fibulae; analyses its typological development from a contextual and historical approach; suggests the need for further studies of typology of large cultural scope; displays a critique against typologies based on cultural or chronological frames; and shows the relevance of such studies to recover and protect the archaeological heritage. The catalogue comprises only four pieces of a Latène-like form, uniform in shape and decoration. So is clear by their long springs covered, the frontal sheet-appendices or the decorative motifs and techniques used (printed and gilded). Although the conditions of the findings do not indicate clearly the chronology of most of the pieces, a date between the late fourth and early third century BC for their production is beyond doubt. Its distribution is concentrated between the Iberian and Celtiberian areas, even if most of the pieces from the Levant. However, the finding of these fibulae in the scene of the Battle of Baecula (Cerro de Las Albahacas) raises his persistence until 208 BC.Este trabajo se ha realizado dentro del marco del proyecto (HAR2013-41447-P) del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad El Bronce Final y la Edad del Hierro en el Sureste y el Levante de la Península Ibérica: procesos hacia la urbanización

Gilded bronze fibulae with triangles on the bridge and covered spring

This paper presents a new group of Hispanic fibulae; analyses its typological development from a contextual and historical approach; suggests the need for further studies of typology of large cultural scope; displays a critique against typologies based on cultural or chronological frames; and shows the relevance of such studies to recover and protect the archaeological heritage.The catalogue comprises only four pieces of a Latène-like form, uniform in shape and decoration. So is clear by their long springs covered, the frontal sheet-appendices or the decorative motifs and techniques used (printed and gilded). Although the conditions of the findings do not indicate clearly the chronology of most of the pieces, a date between the late fourth and early third century bc for their production is beyond doubt. Its distribution is concentrated between the Iberian and Celtiberian areas, even if most of the pieces from the Levant. However, the finding of these fibulae in the scene of the Battle of Baecula (Cerro de Las Albahacas) raises his persistence until 208 bc.Se presenta un nuevo grupo de fíbulas hispanas y se analiza su desarrollo tipológico a partir de una aproximación contextual e histórica. Se expone la necesidad de nuevos estudios de tipología de largo alcance cultural; se critican las tipologías basadas en ámbitos culturales o cronológicos, y se reivindica la actualidad de este tipo de estudios para la recuperación y protección del patrimonio./nEl catálogo lo integran sólo cuatro ejemplares de forma de inspiración lateniense, uniforme en su forma y decoración. Así lo evidencian sus largos resortes cubiertos, los  apéndices caudales laminares o los motivos y las técnicas decorativas utilizadas (impresión y dorado). Aunque las condiciones de los hallazgos no permiten precisar la cronología de la mayoría de las piezas, se sugiere una fecha entre finales del s. IV e inicios del III a. C. para su producción, lo que confirman los paralelos formales y decorativos, que remiten a las áreas ibérica y celtibérica, acorde con la distribución del grupo, en su mayoría piezas procedentes del Levante. No obstante, el hallazgo de una de estas fíbulas en el Cerro de las Albahacas, escenario de la batalla de Baecula, plantea su perduración hasta el 208 a. C

About an Hispanic annular fibulae with ‘Hercules knot’ and other findings from La Monravana (Llíria, Valencia)

En el marco de la entrega al Museo de Prehistoria de Valencia de una fíbula anular hispánica decorada en su puente con un motivo de nudo hercúleo, recuperada en el poblado ibérico de La Monravana, se presenta una revisión del modelo que se fecha hacia el siglo IV a.C. con una distribución geográfica en las tierras del interior de la provincia de Valencia y el sur de Cuenca. Junto a la fíbula se conservaba un conjunto de fotografías que reproducen un variado repertorio cerámico supuestamente de la misma procedencia. Su estudio permite realizar una aproximación a las producciones de este tipo de materiales en el área edetana hacia finales del siglo III o inicios del II a.C.In the context of the cession to the Prehistory Museum of Valencia of a Hispanic annular fibulae decorated on the bridge with a Herculean knot, from the Iberian settlement of La Monravana, a review of these model is made. It is dated toward the fourth century BC and presents a geographical distribution in the inland of the province of Valencia and southern Cuenca. Together with the fibulae a set of photographs that reproduce a varied repertoire ceramic supposedly from the same source was kept. Their study allows an approach to the production of such materials in the Edetanian territory towards the end of the third century or early second century BC.Este trabajo se ha realizado dentro del marco del proyecto del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad HAR2013-41447-P “El Bronce Final y la Edad del Hierro en el Sureste y el Levante de la Península Ibérica: procesos hacia la urbanización”

A blunted sympathetic function and an enhanced nitrergic activity contribute to reduce mesenteric resistance in hyperthyroidism

We aimed to determine whether an experimental model of hyperthyroidism could alter the function of sympathetic and nitrergic components of mesenteric innervation. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were divided into (1) control rats (CT) and (2) rats infused with L-Thyroxine (HT). Body weight gain and adipose tissue accumulation were lower in HT rats, while systolic blood pressure and citrate synthase activity in the soleus muscle were increased by HT. In segments from the superior mesenteric artery, the application of an electrical field stimulation (EFS) induced a vasoconstrictor response, which was lower in arteries from HT animals. The alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine diminished EFS-induced vasoconstriction to a lower extent in HT arter-ies, while the purinergic receptor antagonist suramin reduced contractile response to EFS only in segments from CT. In line with this, noradrenaline release, tyrosine hydroxylase expression and activation and dopamine β hydroxylase expression were diminished in HT. The unspecific nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME increased EFS-induced vasoconstriction more markedly in segments from HT rats. NO release was enhanced in HT, probably due to an enhancement in neuronal NOS activity, in which a hyperactivation of both PKC and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways might play a relevant role. In conclusion, perivascular mesenteric innervation might contribute to reduce the vascular resistance observed in hyperthyroidism.This research was funded by CiberCV (Grant number: CB16/11/00286), the European Regional Development Grant (FEDER) (Comunidad de Madrid, Grant number B2017/BMD-3676), Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (SAF 2016-80905-P) and R + D projects for young researchers, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Comunidad de Madrid (SI1-PJI-2019-00321)

E-cigarettes : effects in phagocytosis and cytokines response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Cigarette smoking and tuberculosis are a significant cause of death worldwide. Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated cigarette smoking is a risk factor for tuberculosis. Electronic cigarettes have recently appeared as a healthier alternative to conventional smoking, although their impact in tuberculosis is not well understood. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of electronic cigarettes in phagocytosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and cytokines production. In vitro infection was carried out by exposing THP-1 macrophages to four electronic vapor extracts and the intracellular burden of M. tuberculosis was determined. The percentage of infection was evaluated by confocal microscopy and the cytokine production by Luminex. A reduction of intracellular M. tuberculosis burden in THP- 1 macrophages was found after its exposure to electronic vapor extract; the same trend was observed by confocal microscopy when Mycobacterium bovis BCG-GFP strain was used. Electronic cigarettes stimulate a pro-inflammatory cytokine response. We conclude that electronic cigarettes impair the phagocytic function and the cytokine response to M. tuberculosis