Dos enfoques energéticos que dominan y liberan el medioambiente en un proyecto de arquitectura

En un primer modelo energético, la cúpula geodésica de R.B. Fuller está formada por multitud de moléculas de aire en retícula que cubren el mayor espacio con el menor gasto de energía, como analiza mediante un modelo a escala menor en el proyecto “The Cardboard House”. Debido a la influencia de los estudios de balística y de navegación, dentro del sistema sinergético opta por sustituir el aire, representado por un conjunto de corpúsculos blandos con cierta facilidad para la compresión, por el agua formado también por corpúsculos, pero duros como pequeñas bolas de acero con gran incapacidad para la compresión deslizando unas sobre otras al no poder absorber los esfuerzos tangenciales. En estos estudios, la geometría es una herramienta de trabajo que les sirve para prever y medir las inesperadas fuerzas de la naturaleza, calculando de antemano los sucesos energéticos en el tiempo. En un segundo modelo se establece una relación de contigüidad y no de asociación formal con la investigación sobre el automorfismo de R. Le Ricolais, a través de dos proyectos de infraestructuras adaptados a entornos distintos, uno aéreo “Sky-Rail” y otro acuático “Under Sea Transit”, observando cómo cristales salinos y seres acuáticos sin gravedad inducen principios constructivos de nuevos sistemas estructurales como islas artificiales. Le Ricolais comenta que junto a la vida aparece el problema del crecimiento, y hasta ahora el hombre no ha sido capaz de construir máquinas capaces de crecer. Futuros proyectos de estructuras estudian alternar el uso de la última tecnología junto con el no-empleo de la misma, buscando un equilibrio entre un dominio del medioambiente y el abandono de todo control sobre el mismo.In a first energy model, the geodesic dome of R.B. Fuller, focused on the problem of how cover the maximum space with the minimum of energy, is made of many air molecules, such as “The Cardboard House” project where he explained the same items in a smaller scale. Because of the influence of the ballistic and navigation studies, the air solution, which is represented by several soft corpuscles and likely to support compression strength, is replaced with water solution, which is made by corpuscles too, but such as small steel balls that are not be able to afford compression strength sliding one each other without taking up tangential stresses. In these studies, geometry is a working tool of prevention and measure of unexpected forces of nature, calculating in advance the energy events through time. In a second energy model, a conexion is established by contiguity and not by formal association with the principle of automorphism of R. Le Ricolais through two infrastuctural projects adapted to different enviroments, one is aereal “Sky-Rail” and the other aquatic “Under Sea Transit”, showing how small glasses and microorganisms without gravity lead to building principles of new energy systems like artificial islands. Le Ricolais said that together with life comes the problem of growth, and until now man has not been capable of making machines that grow. About future structural projects, some thoughful approches for the future are alternated between the utilization of state-of-art technologies and no technology at all, between seeking total control of environment and abandoning all modes of control

Reciclaje de productos electrónicos, paisajismo nuclear y energías no renovables en ciudades emergentes: Lagos, Ciudad del Cabo y Riyadh

Abstracts aceptados sin presentacion / Accepted abstracts without presentatio

Feedback linearization control for a distributed solar collector field

This article describes the application of a feedback linearization technique for control of a distributed solar collector field using the energy from solar radiation to heat a fluid. The control target is to track an outlet temperature reference by manipulating the fluid flow rate through the solar field, while attenuating the effect of disturbances (mainly radiation and inlet temperature). The proposed control scheme is very easy to implement, as it uses a numerical approximation of the transport delay and a modification of the classical control scheme to improve startup in such a way that results compared with other control structures under similar conditions are improved while preserving short commissioning times. Experiments in the real plant are also described, demonstrating how operation can be started up efficiently.Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología DPI2004-07444-C04-04Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología DPI2005-0286

A influência da farmácia comunitária na promoção de estilos de vida saudáveis em crianças e adolescentes

Orientação: Luís Monteiro RodriguesA presente monografia aborda a influência da farmácia na prevenção de comportamentos de risco na adolescência, através da promoção da saúde. Esta monografia contempla ainda a importância dos pais na educação para uma vida saudável. O principal objetivo desta monografia é avaliar o impacto da farmácia, como principal cuidado de saúde primário, no combate a hábitos incorretos de alimentação, atividade física, consumo de álcool e tabaco praticados pela população adolescente. O papel do farmacêutico revela uma grande importância na evolução do conceito de farmácia, tal como se tem verificado ao longo dos últimos anos. Esta evolução teve em vista uma maior proximidade entre a farmácia e a comunidade, sendo este atualmente, um espaço de primeira linha dedicado à saúde do utente. O contributo do farmacêutico apresenta especial responsabilidade na indicação e aconselhamento, bem como na promoção da saúde, uma vez que tem a vantagem de ter uma grande proximidade com os seus utentes. O desafio ainda se torna mais elevado quando se refere a crianças e adolescentes, uma vez que há necessidade de atuar e intervir precocemente, de modo a minimizar riscos associados aos comportamentos inadequados nesta fase da vida. Existem ainda situações de morbilidade e mortalidade, sendo necessário sensibilizar crianças e adolescentes para situações de risco, as suas consequências e prevenção através da promoção da saúde. A farmácia da atualidade aponta para o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias que visam melhorar a saúde das crianças através da prevenção de doenças e promoção de estilos de vida saudáveis.The present monograph discusses the influence of pharmacy in the prevention of risk behaviors in adolescence, through the promotion of health. This monograph also considers the importance of parents in education for a healthy life. The main objective of this monograph is to evaluate the impact of pharmacy, as the main primary health care, in combating incorrect eating habits, physical activity, alcohol and tobacco consumption practiced by the adolescent population. The role of the pharmacist reveals great importance in the evolution of the concept of pharmacy, as it has been verified in recent years. This evolution had as its aim a greater proximity between the pharmacy and the community, which is currently the first point of help of patients. The contribution of the pharmacist presents special responsibility in the indication and advice, as well as in the promotion of health, since it has the advantage of being very close to its users. The challenge is evermore important when it comes to children and teenagers, since there is a need to act and intervene early, in order to minimize the risks associated with inappropriate behavior in this phase of life. There are also situations of morbidity and mortality, and it is necessary to sensitize children and adolescents to situations of risk, their consequences and prevention through health promotion. Today's pharmacy aims to develop new strategies targeted at improving the health of children by preventing diseases and promoting healthy lifestyles

Application of the “Footprint Family” for the environmental evaluation of public buildings in Spain. case study: educational center

Within the commitments of the 2030 Agenda, the socio-economic objectives for a sustainable development of society as a whole, stand out, which propose minimizing the impact produced by all the activities of the Public Administration on the environment. Therefore, the creation and retrofitting of its infrastructures, needed for its operation and the services it provides, has a great impact. The goal of this work focuses on a methodological adaptation for the environmental evaluation of the works promoted by public organizations, quantifying and locating the sources of impact with the purpose of taking the measures to minimize them. For this, the footprint family, ecological, carbon, and water, are proposed as indicators, characterized by the simplicity of their message and the ease of their implementation in the construction sector, by controlling project costs. A case study is presented, the construction of an early childhood education center in the city of Madrid, for which the data needed for the calculation are presented and analyzed. The results reflect interesting information in terms of footprints, on the elements that must be controlled and improved in the project design, such as concrete and steel.Dentro de los compromisos de la Agenda 2030, destacan los objetivos socioeconómicos para un desarrollo sostenible del conjunto de la sociedad, que plantean minimizar el impacto producido por la Administración Pública sobre el medio ambiente en todas sus actividades. Por ello, la creación y reforma de sus infraestructuras, necesarias para su funcionamiento y los servicios que presta, supone un gran impacto. El objetivo del presente trabajo se centra en una adaptación metodológica para evaluación ambiental de las obras promovidas por entes públicos, cuantificando y localizando los focos de impacto para poder tomar las medidas que los minimicen. Para ello, se proponen como indicadores la familia de las huellas, ecológica, de carbono e hídrica, caracterizadas por la simpleza del mensaje y la facilidad para implantarse en el sector de la construcción, a través del control de costes de los proyectos. En concreto, se presenta un estudio de caso, la construcción de un centro de educación infantil en la ciudad de Madrid, para cuyo análisis se exponen y analizan los datos necesarios. Los resultados reflejan información interesante, en términos de huellas, sobre los elementos que deben ser controlados y mejorados en el diseño del proyecto, tales como el hormigón y acero

Analizando los resultados académicos en la Educación Superior en España

The development of the European Higher Education Area has been a process of modernization in many universities. Teaching methodologies have undergone a process of continuous change to meet the demands for high quality leading to a need for enhancement in the learning assessment methodologies as well. The objective of this study is to analyse student´s academic performance measured through coursework vs. final exam and to ascertain the factors that could explain the difference. Regression and variance analysis are carried out over the grades and responses to a questionnaire on a sample of 298 students of different subjects in a Spanish university. The results show that there are differences between continuous assessment and the final examination marks.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad FFI2013-41235-

Morphological processing in reading disabled and skilled Spanish children

This article presents the results of a lexical decision experiment in which the base frequency (BF)effect is explored in reading disabled children and skilled readers. Three groups of participants were created. The first group was composed of children with reading disorders, the second Group of skilled readers matched with the first group for chronological age and the third group of skilled readers matched for vocabulary size. The results of the experiment showed strong effects for Group, BF and also for the Group by BF interaction. Children matched for chronological age with children with reading disorders were significantly faster and more accurate than children of the other groups, who did not show any difference from each other. The effect of BF showed that children responded faster to stimuli composed of frequent bases than to stimuli with less frequent bases. However, the analysis of the interaction between Group and BF showed that only the skilled readers matched to children with reading disorders for chronological age benefited from the BF effect. The results of the experiment are discussed in the framework of theoretical accounts of morphological processing in children as well as considering the role played by the experimental tas

El vínculo externo remunerado de la universidad de Costa Rica como medio para incrementar el aporte institucional a la sociedad

Las actividades del Vínculo Externo Remunerado (VER); que ofrece la Universidad de Costa Rica han experimentado un gran impulso y un fuerte crecimiento en la última década y han gene-rado, cada vez más, un mayor impacto en su gestión estratégica y en el aporte que hace la Institución a los distintos sectores de la sociedad.Si bien existen importantes avances en la gestión del VER-UCR, aún persisten algunas debilidades y limi-taciones que llaman a la reflexión y a la decisión de plantear y ejecutar algunos ajustes, cambios e inno-vaciones que faciliten y promuevan el fortalecimiento en este ámbito de acción del quehacer universitario para finalmente lograr la consecución de la misión institucional.En congruencia con lo anterior, en este artículo se pre-senta una propuesta, que busca incrementar el aporte que el VER le genera a la sociedad y al desarrollo de la gestión universitaria; las ideas y acciones para mejorar y fortalecer el VER-UCR se exponen desde cuatro perspectivas o ámbitos: conceptualización, marco estratégico, acciones a nivel operativo y segui-miento y evaluación de resultados

Importancia del vínculo externo remunerado en la gestión de las universidades públicas

En el contexto del siglo XXI, en lo que se refiere al quehacer de las universidades tanto públicas como privadas se enfatiza el vínculo Universidad-Sociedad, a través de nuevos enfoques de gestión universitaria que permiten atender las necesidades específicas que plantean los distintos sectores de la sociedad.En términos generales, las actividades de vínculo externo remunerado y no remunerado constituyen, además de una responsabilidad de todas las univer-sidades y en especial las de naturaleza pública, una estrategia efectiva para fortalecer su financiamiento y consecuentemente la gestión universitaria.El impacto financiero y social del Vínculo Externo Remunerado de las universidades públicas queda evidenciado en el análisis a nivel de ingresos, aportes e inversiones que genera esta actividad dentro del marco de operación, que desde los distintos ámbitos, desarrollan estas instituciones de educación supe-rior