El Contrato de Factoring y la prenda de créditos futuros en sede concursal

Treball de Final de Màster Universitari en Advocacia. Codi: SRJ010. Curs acadèmic 2016-2017El objeto del presente trabajo consiste en analizar el tratamiento que han de recibir, en el supuesto del concurso del cliente cedente, los créditos que ya se hayan cedido pero que aún se encuentren pendientes de ser satisfechos por el deudor cedido, en el marco de aquellos contratos de factoring que se hayan configurado por las partes como cesiones globales anticipadas de créditos futuros, así como, en especial, las consecuencias y posibilidades que para el factor y el cliente se pueden derivar de dicho tratamiento. El análisis se acometerá para cada una de las distintas modalidades de factoring que pueden darse dentro de la referida configuración y, en particular, respecto del denominado factoring con regreso o impropio, por ser aquel en el que el tratamiento de las cesiones realizadas resulta más complejo. El análisis de esta última modalidad nos llevará irremediablemente a abordar un amplio estudio sobre la prenda de créditos futuros, dada la estrecha relación que existe entre esta figura y el factoring con regreso o impropio, para finalizar con una reflexión acerca de la compatibilidad entre los regímenes que, en sede concursal, les son propios a ambas figuras y su repercusión en el factor y el cliente

Estrés y técnica de arbitraje en baloncesto en función del género

El propósito de estudio ha sido conocer las diferencias en función del género en la intervención técnica del árbitro y las situaciones de estrés que se presentan durante un partido de baloncesto. La muestra consta de seis árbitros de categoría nacional (4 hombres y 2 mujeres), durante la celebración de un torneo internacional U-16. Para conocer las diferencias en la intervención técnica se ha empleado el instrumento IOVAB y para observar las diferencias en las situaciones de estrés el cuestionario LISEA. Los resultados muestran que no existen diferencias significativas en la intervención técnica, exceptuando los movimientos de árbitro de cabeza, donde las mujeres obtienen valores más elevados. Por contra, si se reflejan diferencias entre grupos en las situaciones de estrés. Las mujeres poseen valores más altos cuando se hace referencia al nombre de los entrenadores y jugadores, al puesto que ocupa cada equipo en la competición, al compañero de arbitraje, a la localidad y pabellón en el que arbitran y a la existencia o no de delegado de campo. Los resultados muestran la necesidad de realizar un programa de intervención para regular esta ansiedad antes y después de los partidos.The aim of this research was to determine the differences that may exist in the gender of the referee about the technical intervention and stressful situations during basketball matches. The subjects are six national referees (4 men and 2 women) officiating an international tournament U-16. IOVAB instrument has been used to calculate the differences in the technical intervention and LISEA questionnaire in order to observe differences in stress situations. The results show no significant differences in technical intervention, except the head referee movements, where the women performance is better. However, there are differences between groups in stressful situations. Women have higher values in reference to the name of the coaches and players, the position occupied by each team in the competition, the workmate referee, the place and stadium and the existence of field official. Results show the need to implement an intervention program to regulate the anxiety of the referees before and after the games

Stress and technique of basketball refereeing according to gender

El propósito de estudio ha sido conocer las diferencias en función del género en la intervención técnica del árbitro y las situaciones de estrés que se presentan durante un partido de baloncesto. La muestra consta de seis árbitros de categoría nacional (4 hombres y 2 mujeres), durante la celebración de un torneo internacional U-16. Para conocer las diferencias en la intervención técnica se ha empleado el instrumento IOVAB y para observar las diferencias en las situaciones de estrés el cuestionario LISEA. Los resultados muestran que no existen diferencias significativas en la intervención técnica, exceptuando los movimientos de árbitro de cabeza, donde las mujeres obtienen valores más elevados. Por contra, si se reflejan diferencias entre grupos en las situaciones de estrés. Las mujeres poseen valores más altos cuando se hace referencia al nombre de los entrenadores y jugadores, al puesto que ocupa cada equipo en la competición, al compañero de arbitraje, a la localidad y pabellón en el que arbitran y a la existencia o no de delegado de campo. Los resultados muestran la necesidad de realizar un programa de intervención para regular esta ansiedad antes y después de los partidos.The aim of this research was to determine the differences that may exist in the gender of the referee about the technical intervention and stressful situations during basketball matches. The subjects are six national referees (4 men and 2 women) officiating an international tournament U-16. IOVAB instrument has been used to calculate the differences in the technical intervention and LISEA questionnaire in order to observe differences in stress situations. The results show no significant differences in technical intervention, except the head referee movements, where the women performance is better. However, there are differences between groups in stressful situations. Women have higher values in reference to the name of the coaches and players, the position occupied by each team in the competition, the workmate referee, the place and stadium and the existence of field official. Results show the need to implement an intervention program to regulate the anxiety of the referees before and after the games.• Junta de Extremadura y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional. Ayuda GR15122peerReviewe

Stress and technique of basketball refereeing according to gender

El propósito de estudio ha sido conocer las diferencias en función del género en la intervención técnica del árbitro y las situaciones de estrés que se presentan durante un partido de baloncesto. La muestra consta de seis árbitros de categoría nacional (4 hombres y 2 mujeres), durante la celebración de un torneo internacional U-16. Para conocer las diferencias en la intervención técnica se ha empleado el instrumento IOVAB y para observar las diferencias en las situaciones de estrés el cuestionario LISEA. Los resultados muestran que no existen diferencias significativas en la intervención técnica, exceptuando los movimientos de árbitro de cabeza, donde las mujeres obtienen valores más elevados. Por contra, si se reflejan diferencias entre grupos en las situaciones de estrés. Las mujeres poseen valores más altos cuando se hace referencia al nombre de los entrenadores y jugadores, al puesto que ocupa cada equipo en la competición, al compañero de arbitraje, a la localidad y pabellón en el que arbitran y a la existencia o no de delegado de campo. Los resultados muestran la necesidad de realizar un programa de intervención para regular esta ansiedad antes y después de los partidos.The aim of this research was to determine the differences that may exist in the gender of the referee about the technical intervention and stressful situations during basketball matches. The subjects are six national referees (4 men and 2 women) officiating an international tournament U-16. IOVAB instrument has been used to calculate the differences in the technical intervention and LISEA questionnaire in order to observe differences in stress situations. The results show no significant differences in technical intervention, except the head referee movements, where the women performance is better. However, there are differences between groups in stressful situations. Women have higher values in reference to the name of the coaches and players, the position occupied by each team in the competition, the workmate referee, the place and stadium and the existence of field official. Results show the need to implement an intervention program to regulate the anxiety of the referees before and after the games.• Junta de Extremadura y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional. Ayuda GR15122peerReviewe

Stress and technique of basketball refereeing according to gender

El propósito de estudio ha sido conocer las diferencias en función del género en la intervención técnica del árbitro y las situaciones de estrés que se presentan durante un partido de baloncesto. La muestra consta de seis árbitros de categoría nacional (4 hombres y 2 mujeres), durante la celebración de un torneo internacional U-16. Para conocer las diferencias en la intervención técnica se ha empleado el instrumento IOVAB y para observar las diferencias en las situaciones de estrés el cuestionario LISEA. Los resultados muestran que no existen diferencias significativas en la intervención técnica, exceptuando los movimientos de árbitro de cabeza, donde las mujeres obtienen valores más elevados. Por contra, si se reflejan diferencias entre grupos en las situaciones de estrés. Las mujeres poseen valores más altos cuando se hace referencia al nombre de los entrenadores y jugadores, al puesto que ocupa cada equipo en la competición, al compañero de arbitraje, a la localidad y pabellón en el que arbitran y a la existencia o no de delegado de campo. Los resultados muestran la necesidad de realizar un programa de intervención para regular esta ansiedad antes y después de los partidos.The aim of this research was to determine the differences that may exist in the gender of the referee about the technical intervention and stressful situations during basketball matches. The subjects are six national referees (4 men and 2 women) officiating an international tournament U-16. IOVAB instrument has been used to calculate the differences in the technical intervention and LISEA questionnaire in order to observe differences in stress situations. The results show no significant differences in technical intervention, except the head referee movements, where the women performance is better. However, there are differences between groups in stressful situations. Women have higher values in reference to the name of the coaches and players, the position occupied by each team in the competition, the workmate referee, the place and stadium and the existence of field official. Results show the need to implement an intervention program to regulate the anxiety of the referees before and after the games.• Junta de Extremadura y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional. Ayuda GR15122peerReviewe

Light-Emitting-Diodes based on ordered InGaN nanocolumns emitting in the blue, green and yellow spectral range

The growth of ordered arrays of InGaN/GaN nanocolumnar light emitting diodes by molecular beam epitaxy, emitting in the blue (441 nm), green (502 nm), and yellow (568 nm) spectral range is reported. The device active region, consisting of a nanocolumnar InGaN section of nominally constant composition and 250 to 500 nm length, is free of extended defects, which is in strong contrast to InGaN layers (planar) of similar composition and thickness. The devices are driven under pulsed operation up to 1300 A/cm2 without traces of efficiency droop. Electroluminescence spectra show a very small blue shift with increasing current, (almost negligible in the yellow device) and line widths slightly broader than those of state-of-the-art InGaN quantum wells

Advances on MBE selective area growth of III-nitride nanostructures: from nanoLEDs to pseudo substrates

The aim of this work is to provide an overview on the recent advances in the selective area growth (SAG) of (In)GaN nanostructures by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy, focusing on their potential as building blocks for next generation LEDs. The first three sections deal with the basic growth mechanisms of GaN SAG and the emission control in the entire ultraviolet to infrared range, including approaches for white light emission, using InGaN disks and thick segments on axial nanocolumns. SAG of axial nanostructures is eveloped on both GaN/sapphire templates and GaN-buffered Si(111). As an alternative to axial nanocolumns, section 4 reports on the growth and characterization of InGaN/GaN core-shell structures on an ordered array of top-down patterned GaN microrods. Finally, section 5 reports on the SAG of GaN, with and without InGaN insertion, on semi-polar (11-22) and non-polar (11-20) templates. Upon SAG the high defect density present in the templates is strongly reduced as indicated by a dramatic improvement of the optical properties. In the case of SAG on nonpolar (11-22) templates, the formation of nanostructures with a low aspect ratio took place allowing for the fabrication of high-quality, non-polar GaN pseudo-templates by coalescence of these nanostructures

Deep-Sequencing Reveals Broad Subtype-Specific HCV Resistance Mutations Associated with Treatment Failure

[Abstract] A percentage of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients fail direct acting antiviral (DAA)-based treatment regimens, often because of drug resistance-associated substitutions (RAS). The aim of this study was to characterize the resistance profile of a large cohort of patients failing DAA-based treatments, and investigate the relationship between HCV subtype and failure, as an aid to optimizing management of these patients. A new, standardized HCV-RAS testing protocol based on deep sequencing was designed and applied to 220 previously subtyped samples from patients failing DAA treatment, collected in 39 Spanish hospitals. The majority had received DAA-based interferon (IFN) α-free regimens; 79% had failed sofosbuvir-containing therapy. Genomic regions encoding the nonstructural protein (NS) 3, NS5A, and NS5B (DAA target regions) were analyzed using subtype-specific primers. Viral subtype distribution was as follows: genotype (G) 1, 62.7%; G3a, 21.4%; G4d, 12.3%; G2, 1.8%; and mixed infections 1.8%. Overall, 88.6% of patients carried at least 1 RAS, and 19% carried RAS at frequencies below 20% in the mutant spectrum. There were no differences in RAS selection between treatments with and without ribavirin. Regardless of the treatment received, each HCV subtype showed specific types of RAS. Of note, no RAS were detected in the target proteins of 18.6% of patients failing treatment, and 30.4% of patients had RAS in proteins that were not targets of the inhibitors they received. HCV patients failing DAA therapy showed a high diversity of RAS. Ribavirin use did not influence the type or number of RAS at failure. The subtype-specific pattern of RAS emergence underscores the importance of accurate HCV subtyping. The frequency of “extra-target” RAS suggests the need for RAS screening in all three DAA target regions.Ministerio de Economía y Empresa; IDI-20151125Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; SAF SAF 2017-87846-

Boosting mitochondria activity by silencing MCJ overcomes cholestasis-induced liver injury

Background & Aims: Mitochondria are the major organelles for the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been described as a key factor in the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver disease. The methylation-controlled J-protein (MCJ) is a mitochondrial protein that interacts with and represses the function of complex I of the electron transport chain. The relevance of MCJ in the pathology of cholestasis has not yet been explored. Methods: We studied the relationship between MCJ and cholestasis-induced liver injury in liver biopsies from patients with chronic cholestatic liver diseases, and in livers and primary hepatocytes obtained from WT and MCJ-KO mice. Bile duct ligation (BDL) was used as an animal model of cholestasis, and primary hepatocytes were treated with toxic doses of bile acids. We evaluated the effect of MCJ silencing for the treatment of cholestasis-induced liver injury. Results: Elevated levels of MCJ were detected in the liver tissue of patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease when compared with normal liver tissue. Likewise, in mouse models, the hepatic levels of MCJ were increased. After BDL, MCJ-KO animals showed significantly decreased inflammation and apoptosis. In an in vitro model of bile-acid induced toxicity, we observed that the loss of MCJ protected mouse primary hepatocytes from bile acid-induced mitochondrial ROS over-production and ATP depletion, enabling higher cell viability. Finally, the in vivo inhibition of the MCJ expression, following BDL, showed reduced liver injury and a mitigation of the main cholestatic characteristics. Conclusions: We demonstrated that MCJ is involved in the progression of cholestatic liver injury, and our results identified MCJ as a potential therapeutic target to mitigate the liver injury caused by cholestasis. Lay summary: In this study, we examine the effect of mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibition by MCJ on bile acid-induced liver toxicity. The loss of MCJ protects hepatocytes against apoptosis, mitochondrial ROS overproduction, and ATP depletion as a result of bile acid toxicity. Our results identify MCJ as a potential therapeutic target to mitigate liver injury in cholestatic liver diseases.Acknowledgements: We thank MINECO for the Severo Ochoa Excellence Accreditation of CIC bioGUNE [SEV-2016-0644]

Safety and efficacy of ApTOLL in patients with ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular treatment: a phase 1/2 randomized clinical trial

Clinical trial[Abstract] Importance: ApTOLL is a TLR4 antagonist with proven preclinical neuroprotective effect and a safe profile in healthy volunteers. Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of ApTOLL in combination with endovascular treatment (EVT) for patients with ischemic stroke. Design, setting, and participants: This phase 1b/2a, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted at 15 sites in Spain and France from 2020 to 2022. Participants included patients aged 18 to 90 years who had ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion and were seen within 6 hours after stroke onset; other criteria were an Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score of 6 to 10, estimated infarct core volume on baseline computed tomography perfusion of 5 to 70 mL, and the intention to undergo EVT. During the study period, 4174 patients underwent EVT. Interventions: In phase 1b, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 mg/kg of ApTOLL or placebo; in phase 2a, 0.05 or 0.2 mg/kg of ApTOLL or placebo; and in both phases, treatment with EVT and intravenous thrombolysis if indicated. Main outcomes and measures: The primary end point was the safety of ApTOLL based on death, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), malignant stroke, and recurrent stroke. Secondary efficacy end points included final infarct volume (via MRI at 72 hours), NIHSS score at 72 hours, and disability at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score). Results: In phase Ib, 32 patients were allocated evenly to the 4 dose groups. After phase 1b was completed with no safety concerns, 2 doses were selected for phase 2a; these 119 patients were randomized to receive ApTOLL, 0.05 mg/kg (n = 36); ApTOLL, 0.2 mg/kg (n = 36), or placebo (n = 47) in a 1:1:√2 ratio. The pooled population of 139 patients had a mean (SD) age of 70 (12) years, 81 patients (58%) were male, and 58 (42%) were female. The primary end point occurred in 16 of 55 patients (29%) receiving placebo (10 deaths [18.2%], 4 sICH [7.3%], 4 malignant strokes [7.3%], and 2 recurrent strokes [3.6%]); in 15 of 42 patients (36%) receiving ApTOLL, 0.05 mg/kg (11 deaths [26.2%], 3 sICH [7.2%], 2 malignant strokes [4.8%], and 2 recurrent strokes [4.8%]); and in 6 of 42 patients (14%) receiving ApTOLL, 0.2 mg/kg (2 deaths [4.8%], 2 sICH [4.8%], and 3 recurrent strokes [7.1%]). ApTOLL, 0.2 mg/kg, was associated with lower NIHSS score at 72 hours (mean difference log-transformed vs placebo, -45%; 95% CI, -67% to -10%), smaller final infarct volume (mean difference log-transformed vs placebo, -42%; 95% CI, -66% to 1%), and lower degrees of disability at 90 days (common odds ratio for a better outcome vs placebo, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.76 to 5.00). Conclusions and relevance: In acute ischemic stroke, 0.2 mg/kg of ApTOLL administered within 6 hours of onset in combination with EVT was safe and associated with a potential meaningful clinical effect, reducing mortality and disability at 90 days compared with placebo. These preliminary findings await confirmation from larger pivotal trials.This study was sponsored by aptaTargets, Madrid, Spain, and cofunded by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (RTC-2017-6651-1 and RTC-2019-006795-1).España. Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación e Universidades; RTC-2017-6651-1España. Ministeriod e Ciencia, Innovación e Universidades; RTC-2019-006795-