Ergo-Nutritional Intervention in Basketball: A Systematic Review

Using nutritional supplements is a widespread strategy among basketball players to ensure the appropriate provision of energy and nutrients to avoid certain complaints. Particularly in basketball, there is no consensus on the type, quantity or form of use in which these supplements should be administered. Therefore, the main aim of this systematic review is to highlight the ergo-nutritional aids that may be effective in basketball. A structured search was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA®) guidelines in the Medline/PubMed and Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases until 31 December 2021; no year restriction was applied to the search strategy. There were no filters applied to the basketball players’ level, gender, race, or age to increase the power of the analysis. The results of this systematic review have shown that the effective dose of caffeine to enhance anaerobic performance and the feeling of vigorousness and energy ranges from 3 to 6 mg·kg−1, showing more positive effects when is supplemented 60–75 min before exercise in the morning and in test-based task. On the other hand, vitamin E (ranging from 200 to 268 mg), vitamin D (10,000 IU) and EPA (2 g) may have a potential role in recovery and wellness. The primary limitation of this study is the scarcity of studies related to nutritional supplementation in basketball players. However, a major strength is that this is the first systematic review describing what ergo-nutritional aids may be specifically helpful for basketball. Despite the need for future studies, certain nutritional supplements may have promising advantages for basketball (long-term supplementation of nitrates for recovery), whereas others (β-alanine, sodium bicarbonate, and acute nitrate supplementation) might theoretically be regarded as not interesting for basketball, or even not recommended by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) as bovine colostrum

A Glimpse of the Sports Nutrition Awareness in Spanish Basketball Players

Basketball is a team sport, with many fans and practitioners worldwide from all ages and levels. In all cases, players accumulate high levels of fatigue, and there is also limited time to recover between games or practices. In particular, nutrition plays a key role in optimizing performance and recovery. However, it is typical to observe erroneous nutritional behaviors among basketball players. It has been theorized that these behaviors are influenced by habits acquired based on the individual’s knowledge. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to conduct a descriptive research of the sports nutrition knowledge and practices in a sample of Spanish basketball players, from athletes under 18 years old (n = 69) to nonprofessional (n = 14) and professional adult players (n = 21). The sample was comprised of 49 men and 55 women. This was a transversal, cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study. All participants (n = 104) completed an anonymous online survey in order to analyze their sports nutrition knowledge and practices. In view of the obtained results, we can conclude that the knowledge of sport-specific nutrition in players under 18 years old, as well as non-professional and professional adult basketball players, is insufficient through all the categories and levels. The lack of professional support and time management difficulties were identified as some of the main barriers

Teaching in Landscape

“We, the landscape architects, concerned with the future development of our landscapes in a fast changing world, believe that everything, influencing the way in which the outdoor environment is created, used, and maintained is fundamental to sustainable development and human well-being. We, being responsible for the improvement of the education of future landscape architects to enable them to work for a sustainable environment within the context of our natural and cultural heritage”. (IFLA/UNESCO 2005) CHARTER FOR LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION) Nowadays, respect and appreciation of the landscape sustainably grow. Landscape Architecture professionals are makers encourage and guide this growth. However, there is still no legal recognition of the landscape profession in Spain. For this reason we present this paper that shows the current framework in which appear a professional educated with masters and specialized courses, but it lacks a defined work area and unique in its business learned. We present the demands of both IFLA and the EFLA and teaching lines proposed by these organizations at European level are distinguished. Furthermore, we analyze the national scene and major training centres are distinguished

Key Elements for Motion Planning Algorithms

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Guía de seguimiento farmacoterapéutico sobre dolor

Coordinador de esta edición Emilio García JiménezEsta guía tiene como objetivo facilitar la fase de estudio necesaria para realizar Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico de un paciente. La fase de estudio trata de profundizar en los problemas de salud y en los medicamentos que toma el paciente, o sea, un análisis lo más completo posible del Estado de Situación del paciente a una fecha determinada. De dicho Estado de Situación se obtendrán las sospechas de Problemas Relacionados con Medicamentos (PRM) que el paciente puede estar sufriendo, y a partir de éstos se realizarán sucesivas intervenciones para intentar resolver los PRM

Perception of effort in minibasketball during small side games

It was analyzed in what measurement the characteristics of the task in small side games influence the perception of effort (RPE) and his relation between the time of game and the RPE the type of tasks. Ten minibasketball players performed 50 tasks (10 training sessions, 450 records RPE, 5 with duration of 8, 10 or 12 minutes). Based on the description 7 variables were codified: Aim: (Assault / Defense / Compound), Duration: (8 minutes / more than 8 minutes), Space: (Track completes / 1/2 Track / 1/4 of Track), numerical Equality: (Without rival / numerical Inequality / numerical Equality), Transition: (If / Not), Player of support: (If / Not), Relation between players: (attackers[n] x defenders[n]). No parametric analysis and an analysis of the variable RPE in function of the characteristics of the task with logistic multinomial regression from the RPE were used. RPE's average in all the variables were 6.87 ± 1.76. Four variables contribute the model: Time of the task (X2 = 183.49; df= 8; p < .001), Relation among players (X2 = 63.71; df= 10; p < .001), Transition (X2 = 15.37; df= 2; p < .01) and the Aim (X2 = 9.68; df= 4; p < .05). The % of classification of the model for the group RPE (8-9), 90.1 % and for the group RPE (0-6), 71.6 %. The total percentage of classification predicted was 66.4. The tasks of 8 minutes in the group of RPE (0-6) have more possibilities of having RPE lower than those of any more 10 or 12 minutes. The tasks of attack have more possibilities of having a lower RPE. The characteristics of tasks influence the RPE. More than 8 minutes favor a very high RPE when the presence of attackers and defenders in 1x1 and 2x2 exist.Con el objetivo de analizar en qué medida las características de las tareas en los juegos reducidos influyen en la percepción de esfuerzo (RPE), y su relación entre el tiempo de juego y la RPE de los diferentes tipos de tareas, diez jugadores de minibasket desarrollaron 50 tareas (10 sesiones de entrenamiento, 450 registros de RPE, 5 registros de 8, 10 o 12 minutos). Basado en la descripción de 7 variables codificadas: objetivo (ataque / defensa /transición), duración: (8 minutos / más de 8 minutos), espacio: (campo completo / medio campo, 1/4 de campo), igualdad numérica: (sin rival / igualdad numérica/ superioridad numérica), transición: (si / no), ayuda del jugador: (si /no), relación entre jugadores: (atacantes[n] x defensores[n]). El análisis no paramétrico y el análisis de la variable RPE en función de las características de la tarea, se aplicó con una regresión logística multinomial. La media de RPE en todas las variables fue de 6.87 ± 1.76. Cuatro de ellas, contribuyeron al modelo: El tiempo de la tarea (X2 = 183.49; df = 8; p < .001), relación entre jugadores (X2 = 63.71; df = 10; p < .001), transición (X2 = 15.37; df = 2; p < .01) y el objetivo (X2 = 9.68; df= 4; p < .05). El % de clasificación del modelo para el grupo RPE (8-9) fue del 90.1 % y para el grupo RPE (0-6), 71.6 %. El porcentaje total de clasificación fue un predictor del 66.4. Las tareas de 8 minutos tuvieron más posibilidades de presentar una RPE más baja que las de más de 10 o 12 minutos. Las tareas de ataque tuvieron más posibilidades de presentar una RPE más baja. Las características de las tares influyeron en la RPE. Más de 8 minutos favorecen una RPE más alta con presencia de atacantes y defensores en situaciones de 1x1 y 2x2

Approximation to earth material from international normative

For centuries, earth has been used as a construction material. Nevertheless, the normative in this matter is very scattered, and the most developed countries, to carry out a construction with this material implies a variety of technical and legal problems. In this paper we review, in an international level, the normative panorama about earth constructions. It analyzes ninety one standards and regulations of countries all around the five continents. These standards represent the state of art that normalizes the earth as a construction material. In this research we analyze the international standards to earth construction, focusing on durability test (spray and drip erosion tests). It analyzes the differences between methods of test. Also we show all results about these tests in two types of compressed earth block

Iterative Learning Control and Gaussian Process Regression for Hydraulic Cushion Control

In this paper, we investigate on extending a feed-forward control scheme for the force control circuit of a hydraulic cushion with Gaussian Process nonlinear regression and Iterative Learning Control. Gaussian Processes allow the possibility of estimating the unknown proportional valve nonlinearities and provide uncertainty measurements of the predictions. However, the system must realize a high precision tracking control which is not achievable if any uncertainty remains in the estimation. Therefore, an extra feed-forward signal based on Iterative Learning Control is used to obtain a precise and fast force reference tracking performance. The design of the Iterative Learning Control is based on an inverted linearized model in which a fourth-order low-pass filter is included to attenuate the unknown valve dynamics. The low-pass filter is split up into two second-order low-pass filters, one of which is applied in the positive, the other in the negative, direction of time, resulting in zero-phase filtering. Simulation results show that Gaussian Process regression allows the possibility of using feed-forward control and that the force tracking performance is improved by introducing Iterative Learning Control.This work has been partially funded by the Department of Development and Infrastructures of the Government of the Basque Country, via Industrial Doctoral Program BIKAINTEK (Official Bulleting of the Basque Country no 67 on 09/04/1

La fiscalidad del automóvil y la imposición medioambiental

En este trabajo se realiza un estudio sobre los elementos ambientales que contienen los tributos que gravan al automóvi