Efectividad de la intervención educativa sobre los Conocimientos y Habilidades de Primeros Auxilios Básicos en los integrantes del Cuerpo de Bomberos de Masaya, segundo semestre 2015

El presente trabajo investigativo es de gran importancia para estudiantes de enfermería, porque permite poner en prácticas los conocimientos adquiridos, además que como futuros profesionales estarán encargados de velar por la salud de los pacientes hospitalizados; esta investigación aborda los principales conocimientos y habilidades que deben tener los integrantes del Cuerpo de Bomberos de la Ciudad de Masaya, sobre Primeros Auxilios Básicos, con el fin de brindar una buena atención pre hospitalaria, por lo tanto este estudio de tipo pre-experimental se llevó a cabo en dicha institución con un número total de 10 participantes, y diseñado de acuerdo al esquema de Julio Piura quien menciona que las investigaciones de tipo pre-experimental constan de un grupo estudio (GE), una pre-prueba, una variable independiente (intervención educativa) y una post-prueba; el instrumento utilizado para la evaluación fue elaborado y estandarizado por la Cruz Roja Nacional, este a su vez se utilizó como pilotaje en el Benemérito Cuerpo de Bomberos de la Ciudad de Nindirí, posterior a esto se dio inicio con la ejecución del estudio programado donde se obtuvieron los resultados de la pre-prueba con un promedio de notas de 50.6 pts. Los cuales no fueron resultados satisfactorios, por lo que a continuación se puso en marcha una intervención educativa, haciendo énfasis en los temas con mayor dificultad, y para garantizar el conocimiento adquirido se ejecutó una semana después de la intervención la post-prueba, donde se obtuvieron resultados que demuestran la efectividad del conocimiento adquirido después de la intervención educativa con un promedio de notas de 66.00 pts. Esto indica que al haber recibido una intervención eficaz se mejoró y se obtuvieron cambios en el conocimiento que ayudaran a los integrantes de esta institución a brindar una buena atención prehospitalaria. Palabras claves: conocimientos, habilidades, pre experimental, grupo estudio, pre prueba, intervención educativa, pilotaje, post prueba

Ptpn1 deletion protects oval vells against lipoapotosis by favoring lipid droplet formation and dynamics

Trabajo presentado en el The international liver congress, celebrado en Londres (Inglaterra) del 22 al 26 de junio de 2022.[Background and aims]: Activation of oval cells has been related to hepatocyte injury during chronic liver diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, oval cells plasticity can be affected by the pathological environment. We previously found a protection against hepatocyte cell death by inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Herein, we investigated the molecular and cellular processes involved in the lipotoxic susceptibility in oval cells expressing or not PTP1B. [Method]: Palmitic acid (PA) induced apoptotic cell death in wild-type (Ptpn1+/+) oval cells in parallel to oxidative stress and impaired autophagy. This lipotoxic effect was attenuated in oval cells lacking Ptpn1 that showed up-regulated antioxidant defences, increased unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling, higher endoplasmic reticulum (ER) content and elevated stearoyl CoA desaturase (Scd1) expression and activity. [Results]: These effects in Ptpn1−/− oval cells concurred with an active autophagy, higher mitochondrial efficiency and a molecular signature of starvation, favoring lipid droplet (LD) formation and dynamics. Autophagy blockade in Ptpn1−/− oval cells reduced Scd1 expression, mitochondrial fitness, LD formation and restored lipoapoptosis, an effect also recapitulated by Scd1 silencing. Importantly, oval cells with LDs were found in livers from Ptpn1−/− mice with NAFLD. [Conclusion]: Ptpn1 deficiency restrained lipoapoptosis in oval cells through a metabolic rewiring towards a “starvation-like” fate, favoring autophagy, mitochondrial fitness and LD formation. Dynamic LD-lysosomal interations likely ensured lipid recycling and, overall, these adaptations protect against lipotoxicity. The identification of LDs in oval cells from Ptpn1−/− mice with NAFLD opens new therapeutic perspectives to ensure oval cells viability and plasticity under lipotoxic liver damage

Uncovering a Novel Functional Interaction Between Adult Hepatic Progenitor Cells, Inflammation and EGFR Signaling During Bile Acids-Induced Injury

Chronic cholestatic damage is associated to both accumulation of cytotoxic levels of bile acids and expansion of adult hepatic progenitor cells (HPC) as part of the ductular reaction contributing to the regenerative response. Here, we report a bile acid-specific cytotoxic response in mouse HPC, which is partially impaired by EGF signaling. Additionally, we show that EGF synergizes with bile acids to trigger inflammatory signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in HPC. Aiming at understanding the impact of this HPC specific response on the liver microenvironment we run a proteomic analysis of HPC secretome. Data show an enrichment in immune and TGF-beta regulators, ECM components and remodeling proteins in HPC secretome. Consistently, HPC-derived conditioned medium promotes hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and macrophage M1-like polarization. Strikingly, EGF and bile acids co-treatment leads to profound changes in the secretome composition, illustrated by an abolishment of HSC activating effect and by promoting macrophage M2-like polarization. Collectively, we provide new specific mechanisms behind HPC regulatory action during cholestatic liver injury, with an active role in cellular interactome and inflammatory response regulation. Moreover, findings prove a key contribution for EGFR signaling jointly with bile acids in HPC-mediated actions

Lack of EGFR catalytic activity in hepatocytes improves liver regeneration following DDC-induced cholestatic injury by promoting a pro-restorative inflammatory response

Despite the well-known hepatoprotective role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway upon acute damage, its specific actions during chronic liver disease, particularly cholestatic injury, remain ambiguous and unresolved. Here, we analyzed the consequences of inactivating EGFR signaling in the liver on the regenerative response following cholestatic injury. For that, transgenic mice overexpressing a dominant negative mutant human EGFR lacking tyrosine kinase activity (ΔEGFR) in albumin-positive cells were submitted to liver damage induced by 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC), an experimental model resembling human primary sclerosing cholangitis. Our results show an early activation of EGFR after 1–2 days of a DDC-supplemented diet, followed by a signaling switch-off. Furthermore, ΔEGFR mice showed less liver damage and a more efficient regeneration following DDC injury. Analysis of the mechanisms driving this effect revealed an enhanced activation of mitogenic/survival signals, AKT and ERK1/2-MAPKs, and changes in cell turnover consistent with a quicker resolution of damage in response to DDC. These changes were concomitant with profound differences in the profile of intrahepatic immune cells, consisting of a shift in the M1/M2 balance towards M2 polarity, and the Cd4/Cd8 ratio in favor of Cd4 lymphocytes, overall supporting an immune cell switch into a pro-restorative phenotype. Interestingly, ΔEGFR livers also displayed an amplified ductular reaction, with increased expression of EPCAM and an increased number of CK19-positive ductular structures in portal areas, demonstrating an overexpansion of ductular progenitor cells. In summary, our work supports the notion that hepatocyte-specific EGFR activity acts as a key player in the crosstalk between parenchymal and non-parenchymal hepatic cells, promoting the pro-inflammatory response activated during cholestatic injury and therefore contributing to the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver disease. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.This work was supported by the Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities (MICIU) and AgenciaEstatal de Investigacion (AEI), Spain (co-funded byFEDER funds/Development Fund–a Way to BuildEurope): RTI2018-099098-B-100 to AS/BH andRTI2018-094052-B-100 to AMV; and the RamonAreces Foundation: 20th National Competition forScientific and Technical Research in Life and MatterScience (2020) to IF. NL and JGS were recipients ofresearch assistant contracts linked to grant SAF2015-69145-R and RTI2018-099098-B-100, respectively. CMR was the recipient of a researchcontract (PEJD-2019-POST/BMD-16090) from the Education, Universities, Research and Spokesperson Counseling of the Community of Madrid

Veränderungen im Leukozytenprofil der Dupontlerche ( Chersophilus duponti ) in Spanien und Marokko

[EN] Stress in birds has been widely studied through the measurement of heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (H/L ratio). In this study we aimed to assess for the first time the potential variation of stress, measured as H/L ratio, associated to geography (between-country variation) and seasonality (between seasons and within the breeding season), as well as the leukocyte profiles, in the threatened Dupont’s Lark (Chersophilus duponti), using samples from Spain and Morocco. Furthermore, we tested whether variation in H/L ratio was associated with variables such as population density, presence of blood parasites and individual body condition. We found that H/L ratio did not vary between countries, but individuals captured during the breeding season showed higher values of H/L compared to non-breeding ones. Neither male density, nor date within the breeding season had an effect on the H/L ratio. In Spain, individuals with higher body condition showed lower H/L ratio regardless of whether they were malaria-infected. In Morocco, malaria-infected individuals showed higher values of H/L ratio than the non-infected birds. Moreover, we found that our average values of H/L ratio in Morocco were within the ranges of other passerines, but not in Spain. Individuals with higher H/L ratios may be more stressed or present higher capability to face stressful situations. Although H/L ratio is a useful and relatively easy way to obtain measure of stress, the impact that the environment might have on stress and the way it is explained by H/L ratio must be addressed carefully. This study provides new insight for this species’ biology and provides useful reference information to test the status and survival of other populations.[DE] Stress bei Vögeln ist durch die Messung des Verhältnisses von Heterophilen zu T-Lymphozyten (H/L-Verhältnis) umfassend untersucht worden. In dieser Studie wollten wir zum ersten Mal die potentiellen Veränderungen des Stresses in Verbindung mit der Geografie (Unterschiede zwischen einzelnen Ländern) und der Saisonalität (zwischen den Jahreszeiten und innerhalb der Brutsaison), gemessen als H/L-Verhältnis, sowie die Leukozytenprofile bei der bedrohten Dupontlerche (Chersophilus duponti) anhand von Proben aus Spanien und Marokko bewerten. Darüber hinaus haben wir untersucht, ob das H/L-Verhältnis mit Variablen wie der Populationsdichte, dem Vorhandensein von Blutparasiten und der individuellen physischen Verfassung zusammenhängt. Wir stellten fest, dass das H/L-Verhältnis zwischen den einzelnen Ländern nicht variierte, aber die während der Brutzeit gefangenen Tiere höhere H/L-Werte aufwiesen als nicht brütende Tiere. Weder die Dichte an Männchen, noch der Zeitpunkt innerhalb der Brutsaison hatten einen Einfluss auf das H/L-Verhältnis. In Spanien wiesen Tiere mit einer besseren physischen Verfassung ein niedrigeres H/L-Verhältnis auf, unabhängig davon, ob sie mit Malaria infiziert waren. In Marokko zeigten malariainfizierte Vögel höhere Werte des H/L-Verhältnisses als nicht infizierte. Außerdem stellten wir fest, dass unsere Durchschnittswerte für das H/L-Verhältnis in Marokko innerhalb der Werte für andere Sperlingsvögel lagen, nicht aber in Spanien. Tiere mit einem höheren H/L-Verhältnis sind möglicherweise gestresster oder besser in der Lage, mit Stresssituationen umzugehen. Obwohl das H/L-Verhältnis ein nützliches und relativ einfach zu beschaffendes Maß für Stress ist, muss der eventuelle Einfluss der Umwelt auf Stress und die Möglichkeiten, diesen durch das H/L-Verhältnis zu erklären, sorgfältig untersucht werden. Diese Untersuchung bietet neue Einblicke in die Biologie dieser Art und liefert nützliche Referenzinformationen für die Bestimmung des aktuellen Status und für das Überleben anderer Populationen.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature.This study was partially funded by the authors, the Spanish Ministry of Environment (MMA; J.J. Areces and B. Heredia), the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation (AECI), and the LIFE Ricoti (LIFE15-NAT-ES-000802), supported by the European Comisison. D.B.R. was supported by FPI-UAM fellowship from the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), and the collaboration of the Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC-CSIC-UCLM). We wish to thank the Servicio de Vida Silvestre of Conselleria D’infraestructures, Territori i Medi Ambient (Generalitat Valenciana) and the Moroccan government for ringing permits and supporting our work. We thank V. Garza, A. Ramírez, R. del pozo, E. Juarez, E.L. García de la Morena, F. Suárez, M. Radi, M. Znari and M. Alouí, and the Colectivo Ornitológico Cigüeña Negra for their help during fieldtrips and arrangements. We also thank two anonymous referees whose helpful comments contributed to improve the paper. This work was approved by the Local Ethical Committee for Animal Experiments of the Autónoma University of Madrid (CEI80-1468-A229).Peer reviewe

Genomic Characterization of Host Factors Related to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in People with Dementia and Control Populations: The GR@ACE/DEGESCO Study

Emerging studies have suggested several chromosomal regions as potential host genetic factors involved in the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease outcome. We nested a COVID-19 genome-wide association study using the GR@ACE/DEGESCO study, searching for susceptibility factors associated with COVID-19 disease. To this end, we compared 221 COVID-19 confirmed cases with 17,035 individuals in whom the COVID-19 disease status was unknown. Then, we performed a meta-analysis with the publicly available data from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. Because the APOE locus has been suggested as a potential modifier of COVID-19 disease, we added sensitivity analyses stratifying by dementia status or by disease severity. We confirmed the existence of the 3p21.31 region (LZTFL1, SLC6A20) implicated in the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and TYK2 gene might be involved in COVID-19 severity. Nevertheless, no statistically significant association was observed in the COVID-19 fatal outcome or in the stratified analyses (dementia-only and non-dementia strata) for the APOE locus not supporting its involvement in SARS-CoV-2 pathobiology or COVID-19 prognosis

El CSIC reúne a expertos en aeronáutica para debatir sobre el empleo del hidrógeno como combustible

Datos técnicos: 337 minutos, color, español. Ficha técnica: Gabinete de Presidencia CSIC y Departamento de Comunicación. Emitido en directo el 16 diciembre de 2022El Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), en colaboración con la Plataforma Aeroespacial Española PAE y el Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico e Industrial (CDTI), organiza el próximo viernes, 16 de diciembre, una jornada sobre nuevos materiales e hidrógeno en la industria aeronáutica. Especialistas en el sector procedentes de distintos ámbitos científicos y de la industria debatirán sobre los nuevos desafíos que implica el empleo del hidrógeno como combustible, así como su interacción con nuevos materiales, en el campus central del CSIC en Madrid.Presentaciones disponibles en : https://plataforma-aeroespacial.es/jornada-materiales-e-h2-en-las-aeronaves/presentaciones/Peer reviewe

Genome-wide association analysis of dementia and its clinical endophenotypes reveal novel loci associated with Alzheimer's disease and three causality networks : The GR@ACE project

Introduction: Large variability among Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases might impact genetic discoveries and complicate dissection of underlying biological pathways. Methods: Genome Research at Fundacio ACE (GR@ACE) is a genome-wide study of dementia and its clinical endophenotypes, defined based on AD's clinical certainty and vascular burden. We assessed the impact of known AD loci across endophenotypes to generate loci categories. We incorporated gene coexpression data and conducted pathway analysis per category. Finally, to evaluate the effect of heterogeneity in genetic studies, GR@ACE series were meta-analyzed with additional genome-wide association study data sets. Results: We classified known AD loci into three categories, which might reflect the disease clinical heterogeneity. Vascular processes were only detected as a causal mechanism in probable AD. The meta-analysis strategy revealed the ANKRD31-rs4704171 and NDUFAF6-rs10098778 and confirmed SCIMP-rs7225151 and CD33-rs3865444. Discussion: The regulation of vasculature is a prominent causal component of probable AD. GR@ACE meta-analysis revealed novel AD genetic signals, strongly driven by the presence of clinical heterogeneity in the AD series

Practicando Ingeniería Química: Prácticas colaborativas de bajo coste para grupos numerosos

Elaboración de un catálogo de prácticas de laboratorio de bajo coste para trabajar los fundamentos de ingeniería química con grupos numerosos, usando metodologías activas de aprendizaje para incrementar la motivación de los estudiantes.Depto. de Ingeniería Química y de MaterialesFac. de Ciencias QuímicasFALSEsubmitte

Common variants in Alzheimer’s disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores

Funder: Funder: Fundación bancaria ‘La Caixa’ Number: LCF/PR/PR16/51110003 Funder: Grifols SA Number: LCF/PR/PR16/51110003 Funder: European Union/EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Number: 115975 Funder: JPco-fuND FP-829-029 Number: 733051061Genetic discoveries of Alzheimer's disease are the drivers of our understanding, and together with polygenetic risk stratification can contribute towards planning of feasible and efficient preventive and curative clinical trials. We first perform a large genetic association study by merging all available case-control datasets and by-proxy study results (discovery n = 409,435 and validation size n = 58,190). Here, we add six variants associated with Alzheimer's disease risk (near APP, CHRNE, PRKD3/NDUFAF7, PLCG2 and two exonic variants in the SHARPIN gene). Assessment of the polygenic risk score and stratifying by APOE reveal a 4 to 5.5 years difference in median age at onset of Alzheimer's disease patients in APOE ɛ4 carriers. Because of this study, the underlying mechanisms of APP can be studied to refine the amyloid cascade and the polygenic risk score provides a tool to select individuals at high risk of Alzheimer's disease