Implicación de los códigos sociolingüísticos en la convivencia escolar del Colegio Nuevo Chile, IED

Esta tesis responde a la pregunta: ¿Cuáles son las implicaciones que tienen los códigos sociolingüísticos utilizados por los estudiantes del Ciclo IV en la convivencia escolar del Colegio Nuevo Chile, IED?. En esta investigación se busca conocer las normas, sus actitudes lingüísticas, sus reglas de uso y el criterio de valorar socialmente los hechos lingüísticos, para esto se caracterizó los códigos sociolingüísticos empleados por los estudiantes del ciclo IV del Colegio Nuevo Chile, localidad 7 de Bogotá y poder determinar su incidencia en la convivencia escolar. Las categorías de análisis utilizadas en esta investigación, fueron la convivencia escolar y los códigos sociolingüísticos usados por los estudiantes del ciclo IV de la institución, tomando como principales referentes a Bernstein (1990) en códigos y a Rosario Ortega ( 2000), en el tema de convivencia. Este trabajo se enmarca dentro de una investigación de tipo interpretativo, bajo el paradigma cualitativo, al estudiar una realidad en su contexto natural, en este caso la comunicación de los estudiantes a través de códigos lingüísticos en un ambiente escolar. La muestra se seleccionó de forma aleatoria en estudiantes y docentes, la metodología empleada permitió, implementar técnicas e instrumentos como la observación participante, la encuesta, la entrevista y la metodología del análisis del discurso, para dar cuenta del sentir y las motivaciones de los estudiantes en sus producciones discursivas y escritas, en un ambiente manifestado en su forma natural. De la aplicación y análisis de los distintos instrumentos, como de las narrativas de los estudiantes, se pudo corroborar la incidencia de estos códigos en la convivencia escolar. Finalmente se concluye en la experiencia escolar, que existe una restricción de los códigos sociolingüísticos en el intercambio comunicativo de los jóvenes y en sus relaciones con sus pares, generándose una mayor tensión con los docentes y demás figuras de autoridad.This thesis answers the question: What are the implications of sociolinguistic codes used by students Cycle IV in school life Chile New College, IED ?. This research seeks to understand the rules, your linguistic attitudes, usage rules and criteria of socially assess the linguistic facts for this sociolinguistic codes used was characterized by students Cycle IV of the school Nuevo Chile, locality 7 Bogota and to determine their impact on school life. The categories of analysis used in this research were school life and socio-linguistic codes used by students Cycle IV of the institution, taking as main reference to Bernstein (1990) codes and Rosario Ortega (2000), on the issue of coexistence. This work is part of an investigation interpretative under the qualitative paradigm, studying a reality in their natural context, in this case the student communication through linguistic codes in a school environment. The sample was selected randomly on students and teachers, the methodology allowed, implement techniques and instruments such as participant observation, survey, interview and methodology of discourse analysis to account the feelings and motivations of the students in their discourse and written productions in a manifested in its natural environment. Application and analysis of various instruments such as the narratives of students, could corroborate the incidence of these codes in school life, Finally it is concluded in the school experience, that there is a restriction of sociolinguistic codes in the communicative exchange of young people and their relationships with peers, generating greater tension with teachers and other authority figures

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Status quo of pain-related patient reported outcomes and perioperative pain management in 10 415 patients from 10 countries: analysis of registry data

Postoperative pain is common at the global level, despite considerable attempts for improvement, reflecting the complexity of offering effective pain relief. In this study, clinicians from Mexico, China, and eight European countries evaluated perioperative pain practices and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in their hospitals as a basis for carrying out quality improvement (QI) projects in each country