Design, characterization, and application of spectrometers for determination of low-level dissolved oxygen with small-volume sampling methodology

New analytical methods and instrumentation were developed for the determination of dissolved oxygen (DO) at low concentrations in water. The methods were based on monitoring the absorbance increase due to the oxidation of reduced indigo carmine (IC) by oxygen in the sample in different types of spectrometer cells. Spectrophotometer cells included a 1.2-cm vial cell and liquid core waveguide (LCW) cells with path lengths from 20 to 100 cm. The LCW based spectrophotometer consisted of a miniature peristaltic pump, a multi-port reactor, and a LCW cell (24-cm, Teflon-AF tubing) which were connected together in a flow loop and enclosed in a unique housing filled with a reductant solution. This configuration allows double containment of the components and purging of the solutions to reduce the oxygen contamination. Unique sampling methodology based on syringes or a unique micro-pump sampler and on double-septum caps enabled transferring of small-volume samples (1 mL or less) from septum-sealed bottles into the spectrometer cells containing IC with minimal atmospheric contamination. The new methodology was applied for the determination of low DO concentrations in prepared standards and anaerobic cultures under Fe(III)-reducing, sulfate-reducing and methanogenic conditions. A detection limit of 0.03 mg/L DO for a 0.5-mL sample was achieved with the 1.2-cm vial and N2 purging of the headspace in the cell. The novel use of hydrogen purging of the solution circulating through the LCW cell for continual reduction of IC with a Pt catalyst was demonstrated. This purging made it possible to negate the effects of oxygen diffusing into the reagent and oxidizing IC, to keep the absorbance on scale with the long pathlength, and to achieve a DL for DO of 0.03 mg/L with a 0.1-mL sample volume

Pathophysiology, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects of Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a lifelong sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucination, and sleep paralysis. The exact cause remains unknown, but there is significant evidence that hypocretin deficiency plays an integral role. There have been advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of narcolepsy. It has a negative effect on the quality of life and can restrict the patients from certain careers and activities. Diagnosis relies on patient history and objective data gathered from polysomnography and multiple sleep latency testing. Treatment focuses on symptom relief through medication, education, and behavioral modification. Both classic pharmacological treatments as well as newer options have significant problems, especially because of side effects and abuse potential. Some novel modalities are being examined to expand options for treatment. In this review, the pathophysiological, clinical, and pharmacotherapeutic aspects of narcolepsy are discussed. [Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry 2014; 6(3.000): 271-283

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Evaluation and participation in design

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A LITERARY GENRE UNKNOWN SUFFICIENTLY IN THE CLASSICAL LITERATURE: RUZNAME AND AN EXAMPLE OF IT BY AN UNKNOWN AUTHOR

Classical Turkish literature is a kind of literature which based on poetry. Almost everything that is meant to be told in this literary traditon has been expressed in verse. For this reason, many different genres which include different subjects were written up in poetic way. In this study, an example of the type of ruz-name, which is rarely encountered and less known in the classical literture tardition, is discusssed. The word ruz-name, which means daily writing in Persian, has been used in Turkish historyand culture to cover more than one different genre in different fields. One of them is a literary genre that is about to days of the month or week, in which mentions what is genarally good to do and what is bad to do in these time periods.In this ruz-name, which were analysed, seven days of the week were discussed. In ruz-name daytimes were divided into seven parts; dawn, mid-morning, decadence of day, midday, interval between two prayers, mid-afternoon and sunset. Nighttime also divided into seven parts; occident, evening, ishareyn, midnight, suluseyn, sulusurl-ahir and aurora. By telling which celestial body is dominant on which day of the week at these time periods, the auspicious and omnious deeds at that time are explained

A psychiatric center for children in Istanbul

Typescript (photocopy).Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industrie

Evaluation and participation in design An experimental approach

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The Evaluation of the Environmental Performance of the Countries with Multiple Criteria Decision Making Methods and A Fuzzy Logic Based Approach

In recent years, due to industrialization, population growth, the continuous increase in the needs of the society and technological developments, the environmental problems of the countries are increasing and the countries take the necessary measures to eliminate this problem. In this study, six different multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) models that measure the environmental performance of countries using Entropy, Gray Relational Analysis (GRA) and Multi Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) methods are introduced. Criteria weights are calculated by Entropy method and environmental performance levels of countries were analyzed by GRA and MOORA methods. In addition, the results obtained from six different MCDM models are combined with a fuzzy logic-based approach and a single result is achieved. According to the results of the analysis, it is concluded that the most important criteria are forests, agriculture, and water resources; the best performing countries are Austria, Denmark and France