9 research outputs found

    Tratamento hidrotérmico de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar como ferramenta para aumentar a produção de holocelulases por Aspergillus niger

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    Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, 2018.Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a utilização das frações líquida (licor) e sólida obtidas a partir de tratamento hidrotérmico do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (BCA) como fontes de carbono para a produção de holocelulases pelo fungo Aspergillus niger DCFS11. Numa primeira etapa, as condições do tratamento hidrotérmico foram investigadas por meio de análise fatorial visando a utilização dos licores resultantes como substratos para indução de hemicelulases. O tratamento de baixa severidade e utilizando baixa concentração de sólidos (170°C, 30 min, 1 % m/m BCA) foi selecionado como condição ótima devido à alta e rápida indução de xilanases pelo licor resultante. Uma variedade de mono e oligossacarídeos responsáveis pela indução de hemicelulases foi identificada nos licores por métodos analíticos (cromatografia líquida e espectrometria de massas). Numa segunda etapa, secretomas de A. niger cultivado na presença de bagaço in natura (BNT), bagaço tratado (BPT), licor (LIC) e bagaço tratado + licor (BPT+LIC) foram comparados por análise bioquímica e proteômica quantitativa. Os secretomas produzidos nas condições BPT, LIC e BPT+LIC mostraram-se superiores em termos de atividades de holocelulases, termoestabilidade e eficiência na sacarificação enzimática de BCA, além de apresentarem maior abundância de dezenas de celulases, hemicelulases e pectinases em relação ao secretoma produzido na condição BNT. Este trabalho demonstrou o potencial do tratamento hidrotérmico do BCA como ferramenta para aumentar a produção de holocelulases por A. niger, uma vez que gerou substratos menos recalcitrantes para crescimento microbiano na forma de carboidratos solúveis (licor) ou polissacarídeos mais acessíveis nos sólidos tratados.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) e Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAPDF).The goal of this work was to investigate the use of the liquid (liquor) and solid fractions arising from hydrothermal pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as a carbon source for the production of holocellulases by Aspergillus niger. Initially, hydrothermal pretreatment parameters were investigated by factorial design aiming the use of preteatment liquors as a substrate for hemicellulase induction. Pretreatment of low severity and low SCB loading (170 °C, 30 min, 1 % w/w SCB) was selected as the optimum condition due to the high and fast xylanase induction promoted by the resulting liquor. Several mono and oligosaccharides responsible for hemicellulase induction were identified in liquors by analytical methods (liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry). Thereafter, secretomes of A. niger cultivated in the presence of untreated SCB (BNT), pretreated bagasse (BPT), liquor (LIC) and pretreated bagasse + liquor (BPT+LIC) were compared by biochemical and quantitative proteomic analyses. Secretomes produced under conditions BPT, LIC and BPT+LIC were superior to BNT in terms of holocellulase activities, thermostability, efficiency in enzymatic saccharification of SCB. They also provided a greater abundance of dozens of cellulases, hemicellulases and pectinases in comparison to the secretome produced in the presence of BNT. This work demonstrated the potential of hydrothermal treatment of SCB as a tool to increase the production of holocellulases by A. niger, since it generated less recalcitrant substrates for microbial growth in the form of soluble carbohydrates (liquor) or more accessible polysaccharides in pretreated solids

    Emericella nidulans e bagaço de cana-de-açucar : ferramentas para produção de endo-β-1,4-xilanase

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    Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, 2014.O bagaço de cana-de-açúcar é um importante resíduo agroindustrial brasileiro que apresenta grande potencial para ser utilizado como fonte de carbono para produção de holocelulases de interesse industrial por microrganismos. As xilanases, objeto de estudo deste trabalho, são enzimas que apresentam uma série de aplicações biotecnológicas que incluem a produção de etanol de segunda geração, o branqueamento de papel, a produção de sucos e pães e o uso como aditivo em rações animais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi purificar e caracterizar uma xilanase produzida pelo fungo Emericella nidulans quando cultivado em bagaço de cana, visando o aproveitamento deste resíduo e a avaliação do potencial biotecnológico da enzima. O fungo foi capaz de secretar xilanases a partir do primeiro dia de cultivo sob fermentação submersa utilizando o bagaço. Uma xilanase de 22 kDa foi purificada a partir do extrato bruto obtido no cultivo através de ultrafiltração, precipitação com sulfato de amônio e cromatografias de filtração em gel e troca aniônica. A enzima apresentou alta homologia com endo-β-1,4-xilanase A (XynA) de E. nidulans e desta forma foi chamada. A enzima XynA apresentou maior atividade a 55°C e na faixa de pH 3,0 – 6,5. A enzima se mostrou pouco termoestável, com meiasvidas de 40, 10 e 7 minutos a 28, 50 e 55°C, respectivamente. XynA foi mais ativa sobre a porção solúvel da xilana, com valores de KM e Vmáx 3,39 mg/mL e 0,502 UI/mL, respectivamente. A hidrólise da xilana por XynA gerou xilooligossacarídeos, indicando ação tipo endo. Diferentes compostos fenólicos comumente liberados durante o pré-tratamento de biomassa lignocelulósica causaram efeitos variados sobre XynA. Os ácidos tânico e cinâmico inibiram a enzima, enquanto o ácido 4-hidroxi-benzóico aumentou sua atividade e os ácidos ferúlico, p-cumárico e vanilina não mostraram efeito. O etanol aumentou a atividade, estabilidade e Vmáx da enzima, indicando potencial para aplicação em processos de sacarificação e fermentação simultâneas de biomassa. O ultrafiltrado (uma fração semipurificada de xilanases) foi capaz de hidrolisar polpas de celulose em diferentes etapas do processo Kraft, resultando na liberação de açúcares redutores, cromóforos, pentoses e produtos de hidrólise de xilana sem concomitante liberação de glicose. O extrato bruto se mostrou capaz de degradar bagaço de cana-de-açúcar não-tratado ou sumetido a explosão a vapor, liberando açúcares redutores e produtos de hidrólise de xilana. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTSugarcane bagasse is a major lignocellulosic agroindustrial residue in Brazil with great potencial for utilization as carbon source for production of industrial holocellulases by microrganisms. Xylanases present several biotechnological applications such as in ethanol production, paper bleaching, juice and bread production and utilization as feed additive. The goal of this reseach was to purify and characterize one xylanase produced by the fungus Emericella nidulans when grown on sugarcane bagasse, aiming the use of this residue and the investigation of biotechnological potencials of the enzyme. E. nidulans secreted xylanases from the first day of growth on liquid media containing bagasse as sole carbon source. One 22 kDa xylanase was purified from crude extract through ultrafiltration, ammonium sulphate precipitation, gelfiltration and anion-exchange chromatographies. The enzyme showed significant homology with endo-β-1,4-xylanase A (XynA) from E. nidulans, and was named that way. XynA was most active at 55°C and pH 3,0 – 6,5. Considering its thermostability, XynA presented half-lives of 40, 10 and 7 minutes at 28, 50 and 55°C, respectively. The enzyme was more active on the soluble portion of xylan, with Km and Vmax values 3,39 mg.mL¯ ¹ and 0,502 UI.mL¯ ¹, respectively. Xylan hydrolysis by XynA produced xylooligossacharides, indicating endo-type action. Phenolic compounds released during pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass caused different effects on XynA. Tannic and cinnamic acids inhibited XynA, while 4-hidroxibenzoic acid enhanced its activity and ferulic and p-coumaric acids and vanillin caused no effect. Ethanol increased XynA activity, thermostability and Vmax, suggesting potencial for aplication in simultaneous sacharification and fermentation processes. Ultrafiltrate sample (partialy purified xylanases) was able to hydrolyse celullose pulps obtained from different stages of Kraft process, resulting in release of reducing sugars, chromophores, pentoses and xylans degradation products with apparent no release of glucose. E. nidulans crude extract was able to hydrolyse untreated or steam-explosion pretreated sugarcane bagasses, releasing reducing sugars and xylans degradation products

    Bioprospecting microbial diversity for lignin valorization : dry and wet screening methods

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    Lignin is an abundant cell wall component, and it has been used mainly for generating steam and electricity. Nevertheless, lignin valorization, i.e. the conversion of lignin into high value-added fuels, chemicals, or materials, is crucial for the full implementation of cost-effective lignocellulosic biorefineries. From this perspective, rapid screening methods are crucial for time- and resource-efficient development of novel microbial strains and enzymes with applications in the lignin biorefinery. The present review gives an overview of recent developments and applications of a vast arsenal of activity and sequence-based methodologies for uncovering novel microbial strains with ligninolytic potential, novel enzymes for lignin depolymerization and for unraveling the main metabolic routes during growth on lignin. Finally, perspectives on the use of each of the presented methods and their respective advantages and disadvantages are discussed

    The enzyme interactome concept in filamentous fungi linked to biomass valorization

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    Biomass represents an abundant and inexpensive source of sugars and aromatic compounds that can be used as raw materials for conversion into value-added bioproducts. Filamentous fungi are sources of plant cell wall degrading enzymes in nature. Understanding the interactions between enzymes is crucial for optimizing biomass degradation processes. Herein, the concept of the interactome is presented as a holistic approach that depicts the interactions among enzymes, substrates, metabolites, and inhibitors. The interactome encompasses several stages of biomass degradation, starting with the sensing of the substrate and the subsequent synthesis of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes (fungus-substrate interaction). Enzyme-enzyme interactions are exemplified in the complex processes of lignocellulosic biomass degradation. The enzyme-substrate-metabolite-inhibitor interaction also provides a better understanding of biomass conversion, allowing bioproduct production from recalcitrant agro-industrial residues, thus bringing greater value to residual biomass. Finally, technological applications are presented for optimizing the interactome at various levels

    Polyphenol Oxidase Products Are Priming Agents For LPMO Peroxygenase Activity

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    Polyphenol oxidases catalyze the hydroxylation of monophenols to diphenols, which are reducing agents for lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) in their degradation of cellulose. In particular, the polyphenol oxidase MtPPO7 from Myceliophthora thermophila convert lignocellulose-derived monophenols, and under the new perspective of the peroxygenase reaction catalyzed by LPMOs, we aim to differentiate the role of the catalytic products of MtPPO7 in priming and fueling of LPMO activity. Exemplified by the activity of MtPPO7 towards guaiacol and by using the benchmark LPMO NcAA9C from Neurospora crassa we show that MtPPO7 catalytic products provide the initial electron for the reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) but cannot provide the required reducing power for continuous fueling of the LPMO. We show that the priming reaction occurs with catalytic amounts of MtPPO7 products and that those compounds do not generate substantial amounts of H2O2in situ to fuel the LPMO peroxygenase activity. Reducing agents with a low propensity to generate H2O2 can provide the means for controlling the LPMO catalysis through exogenous H2O2 and thereby minimize any enzyme inactivation
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