202 research outputs found
Bending and shear behavior of historic walls strengthened with composite reinforced mortar
Composite reinforced mortar (CRM) is a relatively new solution for the strengthening of existing masonry members that comprises fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) grids reinforcing inorganic mortar overlays. CRMs were proven to be effective in strengthening masonry members against in- and out-of- plane loads. In this paper, a glass FRP-CRM is employed to strengthen 5-leaf historic masonry walls cut from an existing building located in Milan, Italy. The walls were strengthened and then subjected to three-point bending and diagonal compression tests. Results were compared with those of corresponding non-strengthened walls and showed the CRM effectiveness also in the case of thick masonry members
Effect of cyclic load on the tensile behavior of a PBO FRCM composite
The use of externally bonded fiber-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites represents a valid alternative to traditional techniques for the strengthening and retrofitting of existing reinforced concrete and masonry structures. FRCM composites are comprised of high strength textiles embedded within inorganic matrices and can be directly applied to the external surface of the existing structural element to increase its displacement and load capacity (i.e., axial, flexural, and shear strength). Thus, FRCM have a low invasiveness and a high strength-to-weight ratio. Recently, investigations on the bond behavior of FRCM composites showed that the presence of friction between the textile and matrix can induce damage to the fiber, which in turn determines possible reductions in the strengthened element capacity. This effect appears particularly critical in the case of cyclic and dynamic loads. In this paper, the cyclic behavior of a PBO FRCM composite is experimentally investigated using low-cycle tensile tests on composite specimens. Namely, FRCM rectangular coupons are subjected to clamping- and clevis-grip tensile tests. These tests provide important information on the effect of low-frequency dynamic loading on the composite tensile properties under different test configurations
Chemostratigraphy of the Pliensbachian, Puesto Araya Formation (Neuquén Basin, Argentina)
In a preliminary attempt to establish an isotope stratigraphy, strontium, carbon and oxygen isotope ratios were determined from marine biogenic carbonates of Pliensbachian age, in the context of scheme of local ammonite Zones correlatable to the European Standard Zonation. Two sections, rio Atuel and arroyo Serrucho, of the mainly siliciclastic Puesto Araya Formation, Neuquen Basin, south-western Mendoza, Argentina, were studied. Specimens of the bivalve genera Weyla Bhom and Gryphaea Lamarck were selected for the isotopic determinations because of their low-Mg calcite original mineralogy and widespread presence. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry techniques were used to control the good degree of preservation of most of the biogenic material, as evidenced by pristine fabrics, 100% calcite composition and Sr, Mn and Fe concentrations. Although strontium isotope ratios are slightly scattered, it is possible to compare them with those of the Early Jurassic seawater reference curve. Carbon isotope signals show two relative maxima, correlatable with those recorded for the upper part of the Ibex Zone and the middle part of the Margaritatus Zone in various European sections, indicating the possible global significance of these events. ÎŽ18O values were found to be unreliable for isotope stratigraphy, as they are largely depleted in comparison to those of coeval unaltered marine carbonates
A Medium Survey of the Hard X-Ray Sky with ASCA. II.: The Source's Broad Band X-Ray Spectral Properties
A complete sample of 60 serendipitous hard X-ray sources with flux in the
range \ecs to \ecs (2 - 10
keV), detected in 87 ASCA GIS2 images, was recently presented in literature.
Using this sample it was possible to extend the description of the 2-10 keV
LogN(>S)-LogS down to a flux limit of \ecs (the
faintest detectable flux), resolving about a quarter of the Cosmic X-ray
Background. In this paper we have combined the ASCA GIS2 and GIS3 data of these
sources to investigate their X-ray spectral properties using the "hardness"
ratios and the "stacked" spectra method. Because of the sample statistical
representativeness, the results presented here, that refer to the faintest hard
X-ray sources that can be studied with the current instrumentation, are
relevant to the understanding of the CXB and of the AGN unification scheme.Comment: 28 pages plus 6 figures, LaTex manuscript, Accepted for publication
in the Astrophysical Journal, Figure 5 can retrieved via anonymous ftp at
ftp://ftp.brera.mi.astro.it/pub/ASCA/paper2/fig5.ps.g
The Effects of Periodically Gapped Time Series on Cross-correlation Lag Determinations
The three bright TeV blazars Mrk 421, Mrk 501 and PKS 2155-404 are highly
variable in synchrotron X-ray emission. In particular, these sources may
exhibit variable time lags between flux variations at different X-ray energy
bands. However, there are a number of issues that may significantly bias lag
determinations. Edelson et al. (2001) recently proposed that the lags on
timescales of hours, discovered by ASCA and BeppoSAX, could be an artifact of
periodic gaps in the light curves introduced by the Earth occultation every
\~1.6 hr. Using Monte Carlo simulations, in this paper we show that the lags
over timescales of hours can not be the spurious result of periodic gaps, while
periodic gaps indeed introduces uncertainty larger than what present in the
evenly sampled data. The results also show that time lag estimates can be
substantially improved by using evenly sampled light curves with large lag to
bin-size ratio. Furthermore, we consider an XMM-Newton observation without
interruptions and re-sample the light curves using the BeppoSAX observing
windows, and then repeat the same cross correlation function (CCF) analysis on
both the real and fake data. The results also show that periodic gaps in the
light curves do not significantly distort the CCF characters, and indeed the
CCF peak ranges of the real and fake data overlap. Therefore, the lags
discovered by ASCA and BeppoSAX are not due to periodic gaps in the light
curves.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
An XMM-Newton observation of the massive, relaxed galaxy cluster ClJ1226.9+3332 at z=0.89
A detailed X-ray analysis of an XMM-Newton observation of the high-redshift
(z=0.89) galaxy cluster ClJ1226.9+3332 is presented. The X-ray temperature is
found to be 11.5{+1.1}{-0.9}keV, the highest X-ray temperature of any cluster
at z>0.6. In contrast to MS1054-0321, the only other very hot cluster currently
known at z>0.8, ClJ1226.9+3332 features a relaxed X-ray morphology, and its
high overall gas temperature is not caused by one or several hot spots. The
system thus constitutes a unique example of a high redshift, high temperature,
relaxed cluster, for which the usual hydrostatic equilibrium assumption, and
the X-ray mass is most reliable. A temperature profile is constructed (for the
first time at this redshift) and is consistent with the cluster being
isothermal out to 45% of the virial radius. Within the virial radius
(corresponding to a measured overdensity of a factor of 200), a total mass of
(1.4+/-0.5)*10^15 M_solar is derived, with a gas mass fraction of 12+/-5%. The
bolometric X-ray luminosity is (5.3+/-0.2)*10^45 erg/s. The probabilities of
finding a cluster of this mass within the volume of the discovery X-ray survey
are 8*10^{-5} for Omega_M=1 and 0.64 for Omega_M=0.3, making Omega_M=1 highly
unlikely. The entropy profile suggests that entropy evolution is being
observed. The metal abundance (of Z=0.33{+0.14}{-0.10} Z_solar), gas mass
fraction, and gas distribution are consistent with those of local clusters;
thus the bulk of the metals were in place by z=0.89.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
Constraining the black hole mass and accretion rate in the narrow-line Seyfert 1 RE J1034+396
We present a comprehensive study of the spectrum of the narrow-line Seyfert 1
galaxy RE J1034+396, summarizing the information obtained from the optical to
X-rays with observations from the William Herschel 4.2m Telescope (WHT), the
Hubble Space Telescope, the Extreme UltraViolet Explorer, ROSAT, ASCA and
BeppoSAX. The BeppoSAX spectra reveal a soft component which is
well-represented by two blackbodies with kT of about 60 eV and 160 eV,
mimicking that expected from a hot, optically-thick accretion disc around a
low-mass black hole. This is borne out by our modeling of the optical to X-ray
nuclear continuum, which constrains the physical parameters of a NLS1 for the
first time. The models demonstrate that RE J1034+396 is likely to be a system
with a nearly edge-on accretion disk (60 to 75 degrees from the disk axis),
accreting at nearly Eddington rates (0.3 to 0.7 L_edd) onto a low mass (about 2
million solar masses) black hole (abridged).Comment: ApJ accepte
Chemostratigraphy of the Pliensbachian, Puesto Araya Formation (Neuquén Basin, Argentina)
In a preliminary attempt to establish an isotope stratigraphy, strontium, carbon and oxygen isotope ratios were determined from marine biogenic carbonates of Pliensbachian age, in the context of scheme of local ammonite Zones correlatable to the European Standard Zonation. Two sections, rĂo Atuel and arroyo Serrucho, of the mainly siliciclastic Puesto Araya Formation, NeuquĂ©n Basin, south-western Mendoza, Argentina, were studied. Specimens of the bivalve genera Weyla Bhöm and Gryphaea Lamarck were selected for the isotopic determinations because of their low-Mg calcite original mineralogy and widespread presence. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry techniques were used to control the good degree of preservation of most of the biogenic material, as evidenced by pristine fabrics, 100% calcite composition and Sr, Mn and Fe concentrations. Although strontium isotope ratios are slightly scattered, it is possible to compare them with those of the Early Jurassic seawater reference curve. Carbon isotope signals show two relative maxima, correlatable with those recorded for the upper part of the Ibex Zone and the middle part of the Margaritatus Zone in various European sections, indicating the possible global significance of these events. d18O values were found to be unreliable for isotope stratigraphy, as they are largely depleted in comparison to those of coeval unaltered marine carbonates.Universidad de Buenos AiresFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse
ROSAT Blank Field Sources I: Sample Selection and Archival Data
We have identified a population of blank field sources (or `blanks') among
the ROSAT bright unidentified X-ray sources with faint optical counterparts.
The extreme X-ray over optical flux ratio of blanks is not compatible with the
main classes of X-ray emitters except for extreme BL Lacertae objects. From the
analysis of ROSAT archival data we found no indication of variability and
evidence for only three sources, out of 16, needing absorption in excess of the
Galactic value. We also found evidence for an extended nature for only one of
the 5 blanks with a serendipitous HRI detection; this source (1WGAJ1226.9+3332)
was confirmed as a z=0.89 cluster of galaxies. Palomar images reveal the
presence of a red (O-E~2) counterpart in the X-ray error circle for 6 blanks.
The identification process brought to the discovery of another high z cluster
of galaxies, one (possibly extreme) BL Lac, two ultraluminous X-ray sources in
nearby galaxies and two apparently normal type1 AGNs. These AGNs, together with
4 more AGN-like objects seem to form a well defined group: they present
unabsorbed X-ray spectra but red Palomar counterparts. We discuss the possible
explanations for the discrepancy between the X-ray and optical data, among
which: a suppressed big blue bump emission, an extreme dust to gas (~40-60 the
Galactic ratio), a high redshift (z>3.5) QSO nature, an atypical dust grain
size distribution and a dusty warm absorber. These AGN-like blanks seem to be
the bright (and easier to study) analogs of the sources which are found in deep
Chandra observations. Three more blanks have a still unknown nature.Comment: 23 pages, 8 figures, accepted by ApJ main journa
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