Catalytic feasibility of Ce-doped LaCoO3 systems for chlorobenzene oxidation: An analysis of synthesis method

A family of Ce-doped LaCoO3 perovskites are presented as possible catalysts for Cl–VOCs elimination. These materials with different contents of Ce were obtained through the citrate and the reactive grinding methods. The insertion of Ce in the original perovskite structure favours the presence of Co2+/Co3+ and Ce3+/Ce4+ redox pairs and a higher content of oxygen vacancies that enhances the catalytic performance in chlorobenzene combustion based on differential kinetics studies. The family obtained by the grinding method presents a performance as high as that synthesized by citrate method. Thus, the reactive grinding is a feasible green chemistry alternative to obtain a catalyst with the same performance as that obtained from traditional methods. Finally, the stability of samples was evaluated under total combustion reaction conditions showing an excellent activity during 45 h time on stream.Fil: Acosta Perez, Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Cadus, Luis Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Aguero, Fabiola Nerina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; Argentin

Stability of a Feed-Effluent Heat Exchanger/Reactor system for catalytic combustion of VOCs: Influence of variable emission patterns

In this contribution, a theoretical study of the dynamic behaviour (open- and closed-loop) of a Feed-Effluent Heat Exchanger (FEHE) / Reactor system for the catalytic combustion of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) is carried out. An additional supply of energy is provided by means of a furnace to achieve the desired reactor inlet temperature. The positive feedback of energy to the reactor inlet is a source of instability that leads to pronounced limit cycles in the main state variables. The strong thermal oscillations predicted can damage the catalyst and cause considerable stress on both the reactor and heat exchanger materials. To prevent this scenario, a control structure that considers the manipulation of a bypass flow of the feed stream around the FEHE is selected. A single-loop feedback control system is successfully applied to maintain the inlet temperature set-point, rejecting the VOC's concentration disturbances and enabling a stable operation. The results demonstrate that the controllability of the process is ensured with high external heat supplies (low heat recovery in the FEHE) which increases the fuel demand and the operating costs. Additionally, a high FEHE transfer area enables efficient heat recovery and avoids the controllability loss due to a suitable by-pass valve regulation.Fil: Miranda, Angel Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Cadus, Luis Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Borio, Daniel Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (I). Grupo Vinculado al Plapiqui - Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Química; Argentin

A new perspective on catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene: the influence of side-reactions on catalytic performance

The dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene is a highly important industrial reaction and the focus of significant research in order to optimise the selectivity to styrene and minimise catalyst deactivation. The reaction itself is a complex network of parallel and consecutive processes including cracking, steam-reforming and reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) in addition to dehydrogenation. The goal of this investigation is to decouple the major processes occurring and analyse how side-reactions affect both the equilibrium of ethylbenzene dehydrogenation and the surface chemistry of the catalyst. Studies have employed a CrOx/Al2O3 catalyst and reactions have been conducted at 500, 600 and 700 °C. The catalyst and reaction have been investigated using elemental analysis, temperature programmed oxidation (TPO), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), Raman spectroscopy, THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), in situ infrared spectroscopy and on-line gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The reaction profile shows an induction time corresponding to a cracking regime, followed by a dehydrogenation regime. The cracking period involves the activation of CrOx/Al2O3 catalysts for dehydrogenation activity through a number of processes: cracking of ethylbenzene over acid sites; coke deposition; reduction of chromium from Cr(VI) to Cr(III); steam reforming activity over the reduced catalyst; and reverse water-gas shift reaction. Each of these processes plays a critical role in the observed catalytic activity. Notably, the presence of CO2 evolved from the reduction of chromium by ethylbenzene and from the gasification of the deposited oxygen-functionalised coke results in the dehydrogenation reaction becoming partially oxidative, i.e. selectivity to styrene is enhanced by coupling of ethylbenzene dehydrogenation with the reverse water-gas shift reaction. Ethylbenzene cracking, coke gasification, steam-reforming and reverse water-gas shift determine the relative quantities of CO2, CO, H2 and H2O and hence affect the coupling of the reactions. Coke deposition during the cracking period lowers the catalyst acidity and may contribute to chromium reduction, hence diminishing the competition between acid and metal sites and favouring dehydrogenation activity

Core outcome set for the management of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the COS-AECOPD ERS Task Force study protocol.

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the management of COPD exacerbations evaluate heterogeneous outcomes, often omitting those that are clinically important and patient relevant. This limits their usability and comparability. A core outcome set (COS) is a consensus-based minimum set of clinically important outcomes that should be evaluated in all RCTs in specific areas of health care. We present the study protocol of the COS-AECOPD ERS Task Force, aiming to develop a COS for COPD exacerbation management, that could remedy these limitations. For the development of this COS we follow standard methodology recommended by the COMET initiative. A comprehensive list of outcomes is assembled through a methodological systematic review of the outcomes reported in relevant RCTs. Qualitative research with patients with COPD will also be conducted, aiming to identify additional outcomes that may be important to patients, but are not currently addressed in clinical research studies. Prioritisation of the core outcomes will be facilitated through an extensive, multi-stakeholder Delphi survey with a global reach. Selection will be finalised in an international, multi-stakeholder meeting. For every core outcome, we will recommend a specific measurement instrument and standardised time points for evaluation. Selection of instruments will be based on evidence-informed consensus. Our work will improve the quality, usability and comparability of future RCTs on the management of COPD exacerbations and, ultimately, the care of patients with COPD. Multi-stakeholder engagement and societal support by the European Respiratory Society will raise awareness and promote implementation of the COS

ERS statement: A core outcome set for clinical trials evaluating the management of COPD exacerbations

Clinical trials evaluating the management of acute exacerbations of COPD assess heterogeneous outcomes, often omitting those that are clinically relevant or more important to patients. We have developed a core outcome set, a consensus-based minimum set of important outcomes that we recommend are evaluated in all future clinical trials on exacerbations management, to improve their quality and comparability. COPD exacerbations outcomes were identified through methodological systematic reviews and qualitative interviews with 86 patients from 11 countries globally. The most critical outcomes were prioritised for inclusion in the core outcome set through a two-round Delphi survey completed by 1063 participants (256 patients, 488 health professionals and 319 clinical academics) from 88 countries in five continents. Two global, multi-stakeholder, virtual consensus meetings were conducted to 1) finalise the core outcome set and 2) prioritise a single measurement instrument to be used for evaluating each of the prioritised outcomes. Consensus was informed by rigorous methodological systematic reviews. The views of patients with COPD were accounted for at all stages of the project. Survival, treatment success, breathlessness, quality of life, activities of daily living, the need for a higher level of care, arterial blood gases, disease progression, future exacerbations and hospital admissions, treatment safety and adherence were all included in the core outcome set. Focused methodological research was recommended to further validate and optimise some of the selected measurement instruments. The panel did not consider the prioritised set of outcomes and associated measurement instruments to be burdensome for patients and health professionals to use

A Web-based Housing and Mobility Cost Calculator for Salzburg. GI_Forum 2014 – Geospatial Innovation for Society|

In the past decades, the development of housing estate and mobility behaviour in the Alpine space has been characterised by growing land use and landscape fragmentation on the one hand, as well as increasing commuting distances and motorised individual traffic on the other hand. Both processes mutually influence each other, since the location of housing is a central determinant for everyday mobility requirements. However, despite several interdependencies, housing decisions are generally made without comprehensive knowledge about their far-reaching implications. The work at hand presents the working steps to develop a calculator for private households in the province of Salzburg. The Web-based tool is meant to both indicate the impact of housing and mobility decisions on a household’s expenditure, and to illustrate the influence of housing locations on mobility opportunities. Therefore the transparency of induced cost structures shall be fostered, and the awareness of households on existing interdependencies shall be raised. In the end, this shall contribute to more long-sighted housing and mobility decisions, strengthening structurally integrated areas with less traffic and more environmentally sound modes of transport. As a result, the calculator was made available on-line and free of charge at www.moreco.at/haushaltsrechner. In conclusion, it can be found that in the long run the share of mobility costs in a household’s budget gains importance. Cheap land prices tend to face high mobility costs and hence overall costs may become more expensive in peripheral regions, compared to well integrated locations. The tool shall contribute to illustrate this finding, breaking the fixation on pure land prices in housing decisions

A Web-based Housing and Mobility Cost Calculator for Salzburg. GI_Forum 2014 – Geospatial Innovation for Society|

In the past decades, the development of housing estate and mobility behaviour in the Alpine space has been characterised by growing land use and landscape fragmentation on the one hand, as well as increasing commuting distances and motorised individual traffic on the other hand. Both processes mutually influence each other, since the location of housing is a central determinant for everyday mobility requirements. However, despite several interdependencies, housing decisions are generally made without comprehensive knowledge about their far-reaching implications. The work at hand presents the working steps to develop a calculator for private households in the province of Salzburg. The Web-based tool is meant to both indicate the impact of housing and mobility decisions on a household’s expenditure, and to illustrate the influence of housing locations on mobility opportunities. Therefore the transparency of induced cost structures shall be fostered, and the awareness of households on existing interdependencies shall be raised. In the end, this shall contribute to more long-sighted housing and mobility decisions, strengthening structurally integrated areas with less traffic and more environmentally sound modes of transport. As a result, the calculator was made available on-line and free of charge at www.moreco.at/haushaltsrechner. In conclusion, it can be found that in the long run the share of mobility costs in a household’s budget gains importance. Cheap land prices tend to face high mobility costs and hence overall costs may become more expensive in peripheral regions, compared to well integrated locations. The tool shall contribute to illustrate this finding, breaking the fixation on pure land prices in housing decisions

Die faktische Betrachtungsweise : ein Beitrag zur Auslegung des Strafrechts

Strafrecht -- faktische Gefahrenabweh

Die faktische Betrachtungsweise : ein Beitrag zur Auslegung des Strafrechts

Strafrecht -- faktische Gefahrenabweh