Evaluación de la ejecución motora en niños brasileños en edad escolar

Se ha evaluado mediante la batería de Tests Motores de Lincoln-Oseretsky la ejecución motora en un grupo de 1.232 estudiantes de edades comprendidas entre 5 y 16 años provenientes del sistema de enseñanza del municipio de Aracajú (Brasil). Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto una progresión en el desarrollo de las capacidades motoras, aunque con diferencias de género debidas tanto a factores biológicos como de carácter ambiental. Por otra parte, la edad motora resulta significativamente inferior a la edad cronológica en todas las franjas de edad estudiadas, siendo también inferior a la edad motora de una muestra equivalente de escolares europeos. Este hecho podría atribuirse, al menos parcialmente, a la ausencia de experiencias motoras suficientemente enriquecedoras tanto en el ambiente familiar como en el entorno escolar

Avaluació de l’execució motora en nens brasilers en edat escolar

Artigo disponível em espanhol e catalãoSe ha evaluado mediante la batería de Tests Motores de Lincoln-Oseretsky la ejecución motora en un grupo de 1.232 estudiantes de edades comprendidas entre 5 y 16 años provenientes del sistema de enseñanza del municipio de Aracajú (Brasil). Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto una progresión en el desarrollo de las capacidades motoras, aunque con diferencias de género debidas tanto a factores biológicos como de carácter ambiental. Por otra parte, la edad motora resulta significativamente inferior a la edad cronológica en todas las franjas de edad estudiadas, siendo también inferior a la edad motora de una muestra equivalente de escolares europeos. Este hecho podría atribuirse, al menos parcialmente, a la ausencia de experiencias motoras suficientemente enriquecedoras tanto en el ambiente familiar como en el entorno escolar._________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: Motor performance was evaluated by the Lincoln-Oseretsky Motor Development Scale in a group of 1.232 students, aged 5 to 16 years, from the public school system in Aracajú (Brasil). Results obtained demonstrate the existence of a progression in the development of motor capacities, with gender differences attributable both to biological and environmental factors. Motor age was significantly lower than chronological age in the whole range of ages studied, being also lower to the motor age of an equivalent sample of European children. This could be, at least partially, a consequence of a lack of enough enriching motor experiences both in the familiar and school environment._________________________________________________________________________________________ RESUM: S’ha avaluat, mitjançant la bateria de Tests Motors de Lincoln-Oseretsky, l’execució motora en un grup de 1.232 estudiants d’edats compreses entre 5 i 16 anys, provinents del sistema d’ensenyament del municipi d’Aracajú (Brasil). Els resultats obtinguts posen de manifest una progressió en el desenvolupament de les capacitats motores, encara que amb diferències de gènere degudes tant a factors biològics com de caràcter ambiental. D’altra banda, l’edat motora resulta significativament inferior a l’edat cronològica en totes les franges d’edat estudiades, i és també inferior a l’edat motora d’una mostra equivalent d’escolars europeus. Aquest fet podria atribuir-se, almenys parcialment, a l’absència d’experiències motores prou enriquidores, tant en l’ambient familiar com en l’entorn escolar

Ent-kaurane diterpenoids and other constituents from the stem of Xylopia laevigata (Annonaceae)

Phytochemical investigation of the hexane extract from the stem of Xylopia laevigata led to the isolation of the ent-kaurane diterpenoids, ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid, 4-epi-kaurenic acid, ent-16β-hydroxy-17-acetoxy-kauran-19-al, ent-3β-hydroxy-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid, and ent-16β,17-dihydroxy-kauran-19-oic acid, as well as spathulenol and a mixture of β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol. The identification of the compounds was performed on the basis of spectrometric methods including GC-MS, IR, and 1D and 2D NMR. Potent larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae with LC50 of 62.7 µg mL-1 was found for ent-3β-hydroxy-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid. This compound also showed significant antifungal activity against Candida glabrata and Candida dubliniensis with MIC values of 62.5 µg mL-1

Vigilância do câncer em Mato Grosso: aspectos metodológicos e operacionais de um projeto de extensão/pesquisa

Objective: To describe the methodological and operational aspects of the Cancer Surveillance Project and its associated factors: population-based and hospital-based registry (VIGICAN), in Mato Grosso (MT). Methods: VIGICAN was divided into two projects: an extension one, which updated the data from the Population-Based Cancer Registry (RCBP) of MT in the period 2008 to 2016; and one of research, which collected primary data, through individual interviews and analysis of medical records of people with a diagnosis of cancer, aged 18 years or over, treated at reference hospitals for oncology. To analyze the factors associated with cancer, the following variables were collected: socioeconomic and demographic, social support, status and health behavior, and environmental exposure. Results: In the períod from 2008 to 2016, approximately one hundred thousand cases of cancer (incident and prevalent) were reported in the RCBP Cuiabá and Interior. After validation procedures, fifty thousand incident cases were chosen. The survey interviewed 1,012 patients, 38.2% living in the municipalities of Cuiabá and Várzea Grande, 60.4% in the interior of the state and 1.4% in other states. Preliminary data revealed that the majority were female (55.0%) and younger than 60 years (54.3%). Among those interviewed, 7.2% reported smoking tobacco, 15.5% consumed alcoholic beverages (15.5%) and 32.7% lived close to crops. Conclusion: The development of these projects allowed the integration of education with health services and will enable the recognition of specificities and different exposure scenarios and factors associated with cancer in the Mato Grosso territory.Objetivo: Descrever os aspectos metodológicos e operacionais do Projeto Vigilância do Câncer e seus fatores associados: registro de base populacional e hospitalar (VIGICAN), em Mato Grosso (MT). Métodos: O VIGICAN se desdobrou em dois projetos: um de extensão, que atualizou os dados dos Registros de Câncer de Base Populacional (RCBP) de MT no período de 2008 a 2016; e um de pesquisa, que coletou dados primários, por meio de entrevistas individuais e análise de prontuários de pessoas com diagnóstico de câncer, com 18 anos ou mais, atendidas em hospitais de referência para oncologia. Para analisar os fatores associados ao câncer, foram coletadas as seguintes variáveis: socioeconômicas e demográficas, suporte social, situação e comportamentos de saúde e exposição ambiental. Resultados: No período de 2008 a 2016, foram notificados nos RCBP Cuiabá e Interior, aproximadamente, 100 mil casos de câncer (incidentes e prevalentes). Após procedimentos de validação, foram eleitos 50 mil casos incidentes. A pesquisa entrevistou 1.012 pacientes, sendo 38,2% residentes nos municípios de Cuiabá e Várzea Grande, 60,4% no interior do estado e 1,4% em outros estados. Os dados preliminares revelaram que a maioria era do sexo feminino (55,0%) e tinha menos de 60 anos (54,3%). Entre os entrevistados, 7,2% relataram fumar tabaco, 15,5% consumiam bebidas alcoólicas (15,5%) e 32,7% moravam próximos a lavouras. Conclusão: O desenvolvimento desses projetos permitiu a integração do ensino com os serviços de saúde e possibilitará o reconhecimento das especificidades e diferentes cenários de exposição e fatores associados ao câncer do território mato-grossense

Dupla tarefa na doença de Parkinson: uma revisão de literatura / Dual tasks in Parkinson’s disease: a literature review

A Doença de Parkinson (DP) consiste em um transtorno neurodegenerativo crônico, causado pela degeneração de neurônios que sintetizam o neurotransmissor dopamina na região do cérebro denominada de núcleos da base, na área mais conhecida como substância negra, resultando na redução da quantidade de dopamina na região do corpo estriado, outra área cerebral.  O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu em observar, através de uma revisão de literatura, os efeitos e os benefícios da dupla tarefa na doença de Parkinson. O formato escolhido foi o bases de dados SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) e PEDro (Bade de Dados em Evidências em Fisioterapia)., de uma revisão da literatura, com artigos dos últimos cinco anos provenientes das nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês com ênfase nos seguintes descritores: Dupla Tarefa; Parkinson; Reabilitação; Fisioterapia. Os resultados destacaram melhorias em torno dos sintomas cognitivos e motores, favorecendo o equilíbrio, a marcha, desenvolvimento de habilidades de automatização, transferência de aprendizado, tempo de caminhada, diminuição do fenômeno de congelamento e atenuando significativamente o risco de quedas, de maneira que o paciente da DP tenha melhorias significativas acerca de sua qualidade de vida. Com o advento da fisioterapia no enfrentamento da Doença de Parkinson, as abordagens terapêuticas com ênfase na dupla tarefa contribuem de forma ímpar na reabilitação desses indivíduos

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost