488 research outputs found
Links between North Atlantic sardine recruitment and its environment
The year class strength of the Iberian sardine is regulated by hydroclimatic
conditions in the North Atlantic. The low recruitment values of recent years have
been caused by reduction of the reproductive stock. The reproductive strategy of
the sardine,with autumn and spring spawning seasons, produces two recruitment
periods each year.
This reproductive strategy is adapted to the oceanographic regime in the area,
with coastal upwelling between April and September, and a northerly surface
coastal current in winter. Variations in the intensity and timing of the winter current
affect the success of the autumn spawning and can lead to recruitment failure at
the end of spring. Variations in the intensity and timing of the northerly wind
component, which generates upwelling, control the success of spring spawning.
On the basis of oceanographic data and yearly recruitment from 1975 to 1997, we
try to analyze the recruitment variability induced by the marine climate to the
Iberian sardine stock
The stock of Atlanto-Iberian sardine: possible causes of variability
Fluctuations in the Iberian stock in the period 1980-1989 have been examined, taking
into account what is known of the biology of the species, oceanic and atmospheric
parameters, and the fishing effort directed at this stock. During this period, there have
been significant changes in recruitment, which was good in 1983 and 1987 and poor in
1982, 1985, 1986, and 1988. Some links between recruitment anomalies and environmental
parameters (surface temperatures, prevailing winds, sea level) have been
identified. Variations in recruitment can be explained on the basis of fluctuations in
“environmental windows" during the periods of spawning and larval drift. The success
of spawning is controlled by the existence of a favourable environment during larval
drift into areas with weak upwelling and abundant food.Versión del edito
Time delays in quasi-periodic pulsations observed during the X2.2 solar flare on 2011 February 15
We report observations of quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) during the X2.2
flare of 2011 February 15, observed simultaneously in several wavebands. We
focus on fluctuations on time scale 1-30 s and find different time lags between
different wavebands. During the impulsive phase, the Reuven Ramaty High Energy
Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) channels in the range 25-100 keV lead all
the other channels. They are followed by the Nobeyama RadioPolarimeters at 9
and 17 GHz and the Extreme Ultra-Violet (EUV) channels of the Euv
SpectroPhotometer (ESP) onboard the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO). The
Zirconium and Aluminum filter channels of the Large Yield Radiometer (LYRA)
onboard the Project for On-Board Autonomy (PROBA2) satellite and the SXR
channel of ESP follow. The largest lags occur in observations from the
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES), where the channel at
1-8 {\AA} leads the 0.5-4 {\AA} channel by several seconds. The time lags
between the first and last channels is up to 9 s. We identified at least two
distinct time intervals during the flare impulsive phase, during which the QPPs
were associated with two different sources in the Nobeyama RadioHeliograph at
17 GHz. The radio as well as the hard X-ray channels showed different lags
during these two intervals. To our knowledge, this is the first time that time
lags are reported between EUV and SXR fluctuations on these time scales. We
discuss possible emission mechanisms and interpretations, including flare
electron trapping
Multi-Objective Big Data Optimization with jMetal and Spark
Big Data Optimization is the term used to refer to optimization problems which have to manage very large amounts of data. In this paper, we focus on the parallelization of metaheuristics with the Apache Spark cluster computing system for solving multi-objective Big Data Optimization problems. Our purpose is to study the influence of accessing data stored in the Hadoop File System (HDFS) in each evaluation step of a metaheuristic and to provide a software tool to solve these kinds of problems. This tool combines the jMetal multi-objective optimization framework with Apache Spark. We have carried out experiments to measure the performance of the proposed parallel infrastructure in an environment based on virtual machines in a local cluster comprising up to 100 cores. We obtained interesting results for computational e ort and propose guidelines to face multi-objective Big Data Optimization
problems.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional AndalucÃa Tech
A possible relation between sardine fisheries and oceanographic conditions in NW Spanish coastal waters
The NW of
more often
the shelf
sardine in
Spain is influenced by episodic upwelling which occurs
between March and October. The consequent enrichment of
waters is the origin of a very important fishery for
the area.
Eggs and larval survival is directly related to the oceanograph¡c
conditions between the date of birth and recruitment. Laryal
survival seems to be related essentially to weak upwelling
conditions since they favour the non-dispersion of eggs (larvae)
and allow growth of medium sized phytoplankters as suitable food.
On the other hand, strpng upwelling causes dispersion of eggs
(larvae) and favours growth of very large phytoplankton specles,
mainly diatoms, that are thought to be un-suitable food for
larvae. However, strong upwelling conditions are favorable for
sardine adults, since the large phytoplankters growing during
these upwelling events were found to be the main food supply, as
shown by the study of stomach contents
The effect of environmental changes in the Galician sardine fishery
Annex 6The highest catches of the Iberian sardine stock are taken from the southern part of Galician
waters (NW corner of the Iberian Peninsula) and northern Portugal. Landings are mainly
composed of younger fish, which reflects the proximity of the main recruitment area to the
fishery grounds.
Since 1978 there has been an improvement in the knowledge of the biology and stock
dynamics of sardine around the Atlantic Iberian waters. In the last decade a consecutive years
with poor recruitments result in a depletion of stock below limits previously recorded. The
recruitment processes seem to be driven by oceanographic (local) and climatic (global) events,
this dependence on both phenomena may explain the fluctuations on the landings in the
sardine fisheries in Atlantic Iberian waters.
Given the dependence of the fishery in this area on the strength of the recruitment, different
relationship between biotic components (spawning stock size, recruitment, landings and
recruitment landings) and abiotic: climatic indices (NAO-winter, Gulf Stream and AMO) and
local oceanographic coastal events (upwelling and poleward current) were analysed.
In the analysis of the abiotic series in the period (1978–2005), there appears to be a shift in the
general trend in 1995. In addition at the end of the nineties several consecutive years with poor
recruitment result in a depletion of the stock below limits previously recorded as well as
changes in the distribution area. Before the shift was observed the recruitment variability could
be explain by the environmental variables, but since then the correlation is poor
In vitro fermentation of selected xylo-oligosaccharides by piglet intestinal microbiota
The objective of this study was to compare the in vitro fermentability of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) with different degrees of polymerisation
(DP) by the intestinal digesta collected in three distinct intestinal sections of the porcine intestinal tract: ileum, caecum, and distal colon.
The studied oligosaccharides included commercial short-chain XOS (DP 2e5), and medium-chain (DP 2e14) and long-chain (DP 2e25) XOS
obtained by autohydrolysis of brewery’s spent grain (BSG), corn cobs (CC) and Eucalyptus globulus wood (EUC). The oligosaccharide and
monosaccharide consumption, lactate and short-chain fatty acids concentrations were correlated with shifts on PCR titres of Bacteroides/
Prevotella, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus/Pediococcus populations, by using group- and genus-specific primers.
All tested XOS were extensively fermented by the piglet ileal, caecal and colonic microbiota. The rate of consumption of medium- and longchain
XOS was notably reduced in the fermentations by the ileal inoculum as compared to commercial XOS. EUC XOS, CC XOS and commercial
XOS supported an enhancement of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli replication in a first stage of the fermentations. Apparently this
stimulation was not selective, because Bacteroides/Prevotella replication increased in a second stage of the fermentations, coincident in time
with the highest consumption rates of some XOS mixtures tested. Mostly due to the slow fermentability by the ileal microbiota, medium-chain
and long-chain XOS mixtures can be regarded as promising functional candidates suitable to act as distally fermentable substrate
Maize chlorotic mottle virus exhibits low divergence between differentiated regional sub-populations.
Maize chlorotic mottle virus has been rapidly spreading around the globe over the past decade. The interactions of maize chlorotic mottle virus with Potyviridae viruses causes an aggressive synergistic viral condition - maize lethal necrosis, which can cause total yield loss. Maize production in sub-Saharan Africa, where it is the most important cereal, is threatened by the arrival of maize lethal necrosis. We obtained maize chlorotic mottle virus genome sequences from across East Africa and for the first time from Ecuador and Hawaii, and constructed a phylogeny which highlights the similarity of Chinese to African isolates, and Ecuadorian to Hawaiian isolates. We used a measure of clustering, the adjusted Rand index, to extract region-specific SNPs and coding variation that can be used for diagnostics. The population genetics analysis we performed shows that the majority of sequence diversity is partitioned between populations, with diversity extremely low within China and East Africa
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