10 research outputs found
Correction for Colón-Gonzålez et al., Limiting global-mean temperature increase to 1.5-2 °C could reduce the incidence and spatial spread of dengue fever in Latin America.
Correction for âLimiting global-mean temperature increase to 1.5â2 °C could reduce the incidence and spatial spread of dengue fever in Latin America,â by Felipe J. ColĂłn-GonzĂĄlez, Ian Harris, Timothy J. Osborn, Christine Steiner SĂŁo Bernardo, Carlos A. Peres, Paul R. Hunter, and Iain R. Lake, which was first published May 29, 2018; 10.1073/pnas.1718945115 (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 115, 6243â6248). The authors note that Rachel Warren and Detlef van Vuuren should be added to the author list. Rachel Warren should appear as the seventh author, following Paul R. Hunter. Detlef van Vuuren should appear as the eighth author, following Rachel Warren and preceding Iain R. Lake. Rachel Warren should be credited with designing research. Detlef van Vuuren should be credited with contributing data. The corrected author line, affiliation line, and author contributions appear below. The online version has been corrected. The authors also note that the following statement should be added to the Acknowledgments: âR.W. and D.v.V. also received funding from the United Kingdom government, Department for Business, Energy, and Industrial Strategy, as part of the âImplications of Global Warming of 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C Project.â
Comparing post-release survival and habitat use by captive-bred Cabotâs Tragopan (Tragopan caboti) in an experimental test of soft-release reintroduction strategies
Background: Restoring a viable population by reintroduction is the ultimate goal of a large number of ex situ conservation projects for endangered animals. However, many reintroductions fail to establish a population in the wild, partly because released animals cannot acclimate to the native environment of the release site, resulting in very low survival rates. Acclimation training is a technique to resolve this problem, although it does not have positive results in all species. We tested whether acclimation training and soft-release could improve the reintroduction success for captive-bred Cabotâs Tragopan (Tragopan caboti), an endangered pheasant in southern China. Methods: Reintroduction of captive-bred Cabotâs Tragopan was carried out in the Taoyuandong National Nature Reserve, China from 2010 to 2011. We built a soft-release enclosure for acclimation training in the typical montane habitat of this pheasant. Nine birds were acclimated to the environment of this release site in this cage for more than 50 days before release (âtrained birdsâ), while 11 birds remained only in the cage for 3 days prior to release (âuntrained birdsâ). Released birds were tagged with a collar radio-transmitter. Results: Post-release monitoring revealed that the survival rate of trained birds was higher than that of untrained birds after 50 days (trained: 85.7%; untrained: 20.0%). Cox regression analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the mortality rates between the trained and untrained birds. In addition, a survey of the habitat of the experimental and the control groups showed significant differences in habitat selection between the groups. Conclusion: Our study suggests that pre-release acclimatization training is an important factor that can lead to improved survival and habitat selection of captive-bred reintroduced tragopans
Predicted distribution and habitat loss for the endangered black-faced black spider monkey Ateles chamek in the Amazon
The rate of deforestation in the Amazon is increasing. Predictive models estimate that as a result of agricultural expansion 40% of these forests will be lost by 2050. As a consequence the habitat of forest-dwelling species such as the Endangered black-faced black spider monkey Ateles chamek is being lost, particularly along the arc of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. We used species distribution modelling to (1) define the distribution of this spider monkey, using environmental predictors, (2) calculate the area of this distribution covered by the protected area network, and (3) calculate the expected loss of the speciesâ habitat under future scenarios of deforestation. We found that the species occupies only c. 28% of its extent of occurrence. Only 32% of the speciesâ area of occupancy is legally protected, and the modelling suggests that 31â40% of the speciesâ habitat will be lost by 2050. We highlight three unprotected regions with extensive forest cover that are predicted to become severely deforested by 2050 as priority regions for expanding the protected area network. We also propose landscape management and restoration in three human-modified regions. Our study provides an example of how species distribution modelling can be applied to assess threats to species and support decision makers in implementing conservation actions
Seed Dispersal by Primates and Implications for the Conservation of a Biodiversity Hotspot, the Atlantic Forest of South America
Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:28:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2016-06-01Primates play a fundamental role as seed dispersers, particularly in tropical rainforests. Because defaunation and fragmentation are leading several primate species to local extinction, it is fundamental to understand the role of primates as effective seed dispersers. Here we present a systematic review of studies of seed dispersal by primates in a biodiversity hotspot, the Atlantic Forest of South America, to 1) highlight gaps in our knowledge, 2) determine species richness and proportion of seed species dispersed, and 3) test the relationship between primate body size and the size of dispersed species. Our review found 79 studies of the diet of six ecospecies (Callithrix, Leontopithecus, Callicebus, Sapajus, Alouatta, Brachyteles) but only 20 of these report information on seed dispersal, and none of these are on Callithrix or Callicebus. We found a strong bias in the distribution of species and regions, with most of the studies concentrated in southeastern Brazil. All ecospecies dispersed a large proportion of the seed species they handled (72.1â93.6%). Brachyteles dispersed the highest diversity of plants (N = 73), followed by Sapajus (N = 66), Leontopithecus (N = 49), and Alouatta (N = 26). Although we found no significant relationship between primate body size and the size of seeds dispersed, Brachyteles disperse a higher diversity of large-seeded species than smaller-bodied primates. These results suggest that the local extinction of large primate species may lead to dramatic changes in the plant community, as many large-seeded plants are inaccessible to smaller arboreal frugivores. We propose guidelines for future research on primate seed dispersal to enable the evaluation of seed dispersal effectiveness and to improve our understanding of the fundamental role of primates in this key ecosystem process.LaboratĂłrio de Biologia da Conservação Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)LaboratĂłrio de Primatologia Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)LaboratĂłrio de Biologia da Conservação Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)LaboratĂłrio de Primatologia Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP