XIe Congrès international d'archéologie de la Caraïbe. - Porto-Rico, 28/7-3/8 1985

Cornette Alain. XIe Congrès international d'archéologie de la Caraïbe. - Porto-Rico, 28/7-3/8 1985. In: Les Nouvelles de l'archéologie, n°25, automne 1986. L'archéologie dans l'enseignement primaire et secondaire. pp. 109-112

Sleep microstructure around sleep onset differentiates major depressive insomnia from primary insomnia

In the present study we investigate whether alterations of sleep propensity or of wake propensity are implicated in sleep initiation disturbances encountered in major depressive insomnia and in primary insomnia. For this purpose, the time course of electroencephalogram (EEG) power density during the period preceding sleep onset and during the first non-rapid eye movement (REM) period was examined in three age and gender matched groups of 10 women and 11 men (healthy controls, primary insomniacs and depressive insomniacs). In contrast to healthy controls and depressive insomniacs, patients with primary insomnia did not experience a gradual decrease of their alpha and beta1 power during the sleep onset period and had a lower delta activity in the 5 min preceding sleep onset. Compared with the two other groups, depressive patients exhibit less dynamic changes in slow wave activity during the first non-REM period. The present results suggest that hyperarousal (high 'Process W') may mainly be implicated in the sleep initiation difficulties of primary insomniacs whereas the homeostatic sleep regulation process seems to be partially maintained. In our major depressed patients, the sleep initiation disturbances appeared to relate to a lower sleep pressure (low 'Process S') rather than to hyperarousal. This study supports the idea that different mechanisms are implicated in sleep disturbances experienced by primary insomniacs and major depressive insomniacs.SCOPUS: ar.jFLWINinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Chemical communication in termites: syn-4,6-Dimethylundecan-1-ol as 3 trail-following pheromone, syn-4,6-dimethylundecanal and 4 (5E)-2,6,10-trimethylundeca-5,9-dienal as the respective male and female sex 5 pheromones in Hodotermopsis sjoestedti (Isoptera, Archotermopsidae)

The trail-following pheromone and sex pheromones were investigated in the Indomalayan termite Hodotermopsis sjoestedti belonging to the new family Archotermopsidae. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after solid phase microextraction (SPME) of the sternal gland secretion of pseudergates and trail-following bioassays demonstrated that the trailfollowing pheromone of H. sjoestedti was syn-4,6-dimethylundecan-1-ol, a new chemical structure for termite pheromones. GC-MS after SPME of the sternal gland secretion of alates also allowed the identification of sex-specific compounds. In female alates, the major sex-specific compound was identified as (5E)-2,6,10-trimethylundeca-5,9-dienal, a compound previously identified as the female sex pheromone of the termite Zootermopsis nevadensis. In male alates, the major sex-specific compound was identified as syn-4,6-dimethylundecanal, a homolog of syn-4,6-dimethyldodecanal, which has previously been confirmed as the male sex pheromone of Z. nevadensis. The presence of sex-specific compounds in alates of H. sjoestedti strongly suggests for this termite the presence of sex-specific pairing pheromones which were only known until now in Z. nevadensis. Our results showed therefore a close chemical relationship between the pheromones of the taxa Hodotermopsis and Zootermopsis and, in contrast, a clear difference with the taxa Stolotermes and Porotermes, which is in total agreement with the recent creation of the families Archotermopsidae and Stolotermitidae as a substitute for the former family Termopsidae

L'Hôpital de jour gériatrique : une interface ambulatoire au service des personnes âgées

L'hôpital de jour gériatrique est une structure ambulatoire qui propose une prise en charge diagnostique et thérapeutique aux personnes âgées en tant qu'alternative aux hospitalisations classiques. Cet article a pour but de mieux faire connaître la structure aux cliniciens de terrain. Il en décrit l'historique dans le monde et en Belgique, y commente les résultats d'une méta-analyse et d'enquêtes nationales réalisées depuis 2007, date de parution du Programme de Soins pour le Patient Gériatrique. Comparés aux données publiées,les hôpitaux de jours gériatriques belges proposent une approche plutôt à orientation diagnostique alors que certains développent la revalidation. Ils offrent, à l'aide d'une équipe multidisciplinaire, une évaluation gériatrique globale des syndromes gériatriques (déclin fonctionnel,fragilité,chutes, troubles de la mémoire, malnutrition,...) en étroite collaboration avec la première ligne et le réseau de soins. L'évaluation gériatrique standardisée a prouvé des bénéfices significatifs lors d'une hospitalisation conventionnelle qui malheureusement comporte toutefois des risques (déclin fonctionnel, chutes, confusion aiguë, iatrogénie et infections nosocomiales). L'hôpital de jour gériatrique propose donc un accès à un plateau spécifique (examens techniques et avis spécialisés) associé à une évaluation gériatrique standardisée en vue d'élaborer un plan de soin en soutien au travail de première ligne tout en évitant une hospitalisation classique

Kamiya Fuji sensei o shinonde

Morphometrics, the assignment of quantities to biological shapes, is a powerful tool to address taxonomic, evolutionary, functional and developmental questions. We propose a novel method for shape quantification of complex modular architecture in thalloid plants, whose extremely reduced morphologies, combined with the lack of a formal framework for thallus description, have long rendered taxonomic and evolutionary studies extremely challenging.Using graph theory, thalli are described as hierarchical series of nodes and edges, allowing for accurate, homologous and repeatable measurements of widths, lengths and angles.The computer program MorphoSnake was developed to extract the skeleton and contours of a thallus and automatically acquire, at each level of organization, width, length, angle and sinuosity measurements.Through the quantification of leaf architecture in Hymenophyllum ferns (Polypodiopsida) and a fully worked example of integrative taxonomy in the taxonomically challenging thalloid liverwort genus Riccardia, we show that MorphoSnake is applicable to all ramified plants. This new possibility of acquiring large numbers of quantitative traits in plants with complex modular architectures opens new perspectives of applications, from the development of rapid species identification tools to evolutionary analyses of adaptive plasticity.</p

Analysis of Polycerate Mutants Reveals the Evolutionary Co-option of HOXD1 for Horn Patterning in Bovidae

International audienceIn the course of evolution, pecorans (i.e. higher ruminants) developed a remarkable diversity of osseous cranial appendages, collectively referred to as 'headgear', which likely share the same origin and genetic basis. However, the nature and function of the genetic determinants underlying their number and position remain elusive. Jacob and other rare populations of sheep and goats are characterized by polyceraty, the presence of more than two horns. Here, we characterize distinct POLYCERATE alleles in each species, both associated with defective HOXD1 function. We show that haploinsufficiency at this locus results in the splitting of horn bud primordia, likely following the abnormal extension of an initial morphogenetic field. These results highlight the key role played by this gene in headgear patterning and illustrate the evolutionary co-option of a gene involved in the early development of bilateria to properly fix the position and number of these distinctive organs of Bovidae

Analysis of Polycerate Mutants Reveals the Evolutionary Co-option of HOXD1 for Horn Patterning in Bovidae

In the course of evolution, pecorans (i.e. higher ruminants) developed a remarkable diversity of osseous cranial appendages, collectively referred to as 'headgear', which likely share the same origin and genetic basis. However, the nature and function of the genetic determinants underlying their number and position remain elusive. Jacob and other rare populations of sheep and goats are characterized by polyceraty, the presence of more than two horns. Here, we characterize distinct POLYCERATE alleles in each species, both associated with defective HOXD1 function. We show that haploinsufficiency at this locus results in the splitting of horn bud primordia, likely following the abnormal extension of an initial morphogenetic field. These results highlight the key role played by this gene in headgear patterning and illustrate the evolutionary co-option of a gene involved in the early development of bilateria to properly fix the position and number of these distinctive organs of Bovidae