Maturity curve of sweet sorghum in function of total soluble solids concentration

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) has been standing out as a source of feedstock for ethanol production in Brazil from January to April (period characterized as off-season of sugarcane). The aim of this study was to construct a maturity curve of two sweet sorghum cultivars, BRS 508 and BRS 511, in order to identify the ideal point of harvest for each material and estimate the maximum of total soluble solids (TSS) reached by the cultivars. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out at Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril, located in Sinop-MT. The seeds of each cultivar were mechanically sown in contiguous lines, spaced 0.7m, aiming to establish a population 140,000 plants ha -1 . Fifteen days after flowering (DAF), plants were harvested weekly during nine weeks (71 DAF), aiming to evaluate TSS of each cultiva r along this period of time. The TSS was measured by digital refractometer ( o Brix scale) using syrup from stems of each cultivar by an electric milling. The maturity curves of each cultivar were constructed by values of TSS measured during nine weeks and the regression equations were obtained for each cultivar. In order to estimate the optimal harvest moment, the maximum point was calculated by derivation of the original equation. By deriving such equations, it was possible to estimate the number of DAF of each cultivar in order to know the highest TSS concentrations, whic h can be considered as the point of maximum maturity. In addition, the maximum TSS concentrations were estimated for each cultivar. The results showed that the cultivar BRS 508 obtained maximum concentration of 20.4 °Brix at 51 DAF. On the other hand, the cultivar BRS 511 presented a TSS peak value of 17.6 °Brix at 50 DAF. It was noted that BRS 508 obtained a higher content of TSS than BRS 511, with a magnitude approximately of 2 °Brix. However, the maturity cycles of both cultivars were similar, 50 and 51 DAF (around 130 days after sowing). After this period, the TSS concentrations tended to decrease for both genotypes, decreasing, consequently, the yield of ethanol per volume of syrup. The next stage of this work will be the evaluation of TSS and the volume of syrup produced, such characteristics are better correlated to the ethanol production and will help in the identification of the cultivar with better performance

LLANO DE LOS JUNCOS. TEJEDA [Material gráfico]

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, 201

Erratum: The solar orbiter radio and plasma waves (RPW) instrument (Astronomy and Astrophysics (2020) 642 (A12) DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201936214)

The erratum concerns Fig. 9 entitled "Antenna radio-electrical properties" for which some of the parameters are not correct. The new figure with new parameters is provided in Fig. 1 of this corrigendum. Fig. 1. Corrected Antenna radio-electrical properties. (Figure Presented)

First results obtained by the Cluster STAFF experiment

International audienceThe Spatio Temporal Analysis of Field Fluctuations (STAFF) experiment is one of the five experiments, which constitute the Cluster Wave Experiment Consortium (WEC). STAFF consists of a three-axis search coil magnetometer to measure magnetic fluctuations at frequencies up to 4 kHz, a waveform unit (up to either 10 Hz or 180 Hz) and a Spectrum Analyser (up to 4 kHz). The Spectrum Analyser combines the 3 magnetic components of the waves with the two electric components measured by the Electric Fields and Waves experiment (EFW) to calculate in real time the 5 × 5 Hermitian cross-spectral matrix at 27 frequencies distributed logarithmically in the frequency range 8 Hz to 4 kHz. The time resolution varies between 0.125 s and 4 s. The first results show the capabilities of the experiment, with examples in different regions of the magnetosphere-solar wind system that were encountered by Cluster at the beginning of its operational phase. First results obtained by the use of some of the tools that have been prepared specifically for the Cluster mission are described. The characterisation of the motion of the bow shock between successive crossings, using the reciprocal vector method, is given. The full characterisation of the waves analysed by the Spectrum Analyser, thanks to a dedicated program called PRASSADCO, is applied to some events; in particular a case of very confined electromagnetic waves in the vicinity of the equatorial region is presented and discussed

The Cluster Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Field Fluctuations (STAFF) Experiment

International audienceNot Availabl

The Solar Orbiter Radio and Plasma Waves (RPW) instrument

The Radio and Plasma Waves (RPW) instrument on the ESA Solar Orbiter mission is described in this paper. This instrument is designed to measure in-situ magnetic and electric fields and waves from the continuous to a few hundreds of kHz. RPW will also observe solar radio emissions up to 16 MHz. The RPW instrument is of primary importance to the Solar Orbiter mission and science requirements since it is essential to answer three of the four mission overarching science objectives. In addition RPW will exchange on-board data with the other in-situ instruments in order to process algorithms for interplanetary shocks and type III langmuir waves detections.Correction in: Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics, Volume 654, Article Number C2, DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/201936214e </p