Evidencia in-situ e in-vivo del efecto anticariogénico de té o de derivados de Camellia Sinensis: revisión sistemática de literatura

32 p.Debido a su composición, se ha especulado que el té derivado de Camellia sinensis presentaría un efecto anticariogénico. Sin embargo, existe una aparente escasez de evidencia de estudios con modelos clínicamente relevantes (in-vivo o in-situ) que sustenten esta posibilidad. Además, no existen revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura sobre este tópico. En base a esto, la presente revisión evaluó la evidencia in-vivo e in-situ existente sobre el efecto anticariogénico de distintos tipos de té y otros derivados de Camellia sinensis. El protocolo de esta revisión fue registrado en PROSPERO, siguiendo criterios PRISMA-P. La base de datos examinada fue Medline vía PubMed, utilizando criterios de búsqueda predefinidos basados en la pregunta PICO, donde P: estudios in-vivo o in-situ desarrollados en humanos o animales; I: distintos tipos de té provenientes de Camellia sinensis u otros derivados del té; C: grupo control a la intervención o alguna(s) comparación(es); O: efectos directos en caries dental. No se aplicó límites de año ni idioma. La selección de artículos y la extracción de datos se realizó de forma independiente por dos investigadores. Se encontraron 309 títulos en total, 17 fueron elegibles para la revisión de texto completo. Finalmente se incluyeron 16 estudios. El análisis de riesgo de sesgo reveló que la calidad general de la evidencia se consideró baja. Debido a la heterogeneidad de los estudios, no fue posible realizar metaanálisis. La evidencia disponible sugiere que el té podría actuar como coadyuvante en la prevención de la caries dental, pero se necesitan estudios con mayor relevancia clínica para verificar tal efecto. Palabras clave: caries dental; polifenoles; té; revisión sistemática; in vitr

Stroke genetics informs drug discovery and risk prediction across ancestries

Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of stroke — the second leading cause of death worldwide — were conducted predominantly in populations of European ancestry1,2. Here, in cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of 110,182 patients who have had a stroke (five ancestries, 33% non-European) and 1,503,898 control individuals, we identify association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci: 60 in primary inverse-variance-weighted analyses and 29 in secondary meta-regression and multitrait analyses. On the basis of internal cross-ancestry validation and an independent follow-up in 89,084 additional cases of stroke (30% non-European) and 1,013,843 control individuals, 87% of the primary stroke risk loci and 60% of the secondary stroke risk loci were replicated (P < 0.05). Effect sizes were highly correlated across ancestries. Cross-ancestry fine-mapping, in silico mutagenesis analysis3, and transcriptome-wide and proteome-wide association analyses revealed putative causal genes (such as SH3PXD2A and FURIN) and variants (such as at GRK5 and NOS3). Using a three-pronged approach4, we provide genetic evidence for putative drug effects, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as possible targets, with drugs already under investigation for stroke for F11 and PROC. A polygenic score integrating cross-ancestry and ancestry-specific stroke GWASs with vascular-risk factor GWASs (integrative polygenic scores) strongly predicted ischaemic stroke in populations of European, East Asian and African ancestry5. Stroke genetic risk scores were predictive of ischaemic stroke independent of clinical risk factors in 52,600 clinical-trial participants with cardiometabolic disease. Our results provide insights to inform biology, reveal potential drug targets and derive genetic risk prediction tools across ancestries

A comparison of three established age estimation methods on an adult Spanish sample.

Most current methods for adult skeletal age-at-death estimation are based on American samples comprising individuals of European and African ancestry. Our limited understanding of population variability hampers our efforts to apply these techniques to various skeletal populations around the world, especially in global forensic contexts. Further, documented skeletal samples are rare, limiting our ability to test our techniques. The objective of this paper is to test three pelvic macroscopic methods (1-Suchey-Brooks; 2- Lovejoy; 3- Buckberry and Chamberlain) on a documented modern Spanish sample. These methods were selected because they are popular among Spanish anthropologists and because they never have been tested in a Spanish sample. The study sample consists of 80 individuals (55 ♂ and 25 ♀) of known sex and age from the Valladolid collection. Results indicate that in all three methods, levels of bias and inaccuracy increase with age. The Lovejoy method performs poorly (27%) compared with Suchey-Brooks (71%) and Buckberry and Chamberlain (86%). However, the levels of correlation between phases and chronological ages are low and comparable in the three methods (< 0.395). The apparent accuracy of the Suchey-Brooks and Buckberry and Chamberlain methods is largely based on the broad width of the methods" estimated intervals. This study suggests that before systematic application of these three methodologies in Spanish populations, further statistical modeling and research into the co-variance of chronological age with morphological change is necessary. Future methods should be developed specific to various world populations, and should allow for both precision and flexibility in age estimation

The Short-Term Effects of a Routine Poisoning Campaign on the Movements and Detectability of a Social Top-Predator.

Top-predators can be important components of resilient ecosystems, but they are still controlled in many places to mitigate a variety of economic, environmental and/or social impacts. Lethal control is often achieved through the broadscale application of poisoned baits. Understanding the direct and indirect effects of such lethal control on subsequent movements and behaviour of survivors is an important pre-requisite for interpreting the efficacy and ecological outcomes of top predator control. In this study, we use GPS tracking collars to investigate the fine-scale and short-term movements of dingoes (Canis lupus dingo and other wild dogs) in response to a routine poison-baiting program as an example of how a common, social top-predator can respond (behaviourally) to moderate levels of population reduction. We found no consistent control-induced differences in home range size or location, daily distance travelled, speed of travel, temporal activity patterns or road/trail usage for the seven surviving dingoeswemonitored immediately before and after a typical lethal control event. These data suggest that the spatial behaviour of surviving dingoes was not altered in ways likely to affect their detectability, and if control-induced changes in dingoes\u27 ecological function did occur, these may not be related to altered spatial behaviour or movement patterns