Análise integrada dos sistemas de gestão da sanidade e licenciamento em ruminantes

Trabalho de Projecto para obtenção do Mestrado em Tecnologias da Produção AnimalPara assegurar um elevado nível de proteção da vida e da saúde humana, é necessário garantir normas exigentes relativas à saúde animal. O surgimento de uma doença, pode assumir rapidamente as proporções de uma epizootia, causando graves prejuízos sobre a rentabilidade das explorações afetadas e ainda podem constituir uma ameaça para a saúde pública. Deste modo, por forma a evitar o aparecimento de novas doenças e controlar as atividades das explorações, surgiu a necessidade de estabelecer programas/sistemas baseados em legislação especifica, garantindo a rastreabilidade dos animais que circulam dentro do espaço comunitário, identificando e registando toda a informação sobre, nomeadamente, pequenos e grandes ruminantes.Assim, existem atualmente, várias bases de dados que permitem registar, organizar e aceder à informação sobre a exploração pecuária, o detentor dos animais, os efetivos pecuários, a localização dos mesmos e a movimentação animal, entre outros aspetos relacionados com as várias atividades produtivas e sanitárias. O presente trabalho baseia-se na análise da informação vertida em cada um dos programas gestores das bases de dados, nomeadamente, os que contêm informação acerca da sanidade animal e licenciamento das explorações pecuárias, tendo sido analisados individualmente os seguintes programas: PISA – Programa Informático de Sanidade Animal; SNIRA – Sistema Nacional de Informação e Registo Animal;REAP – Regime de Exercício da Atividade Pecuária. Com esta análise foi possível detetar as virtudes e as limitações dos referidos programas e perceber até que ponto existe a capacidade de incorporação da informação, agora dispersa, num sistema integrado, mais eficaz, mais operacional e sobretudo mais facilitador do ponto de vista do utilizador/criador.ABSTRACT: To ensure a high level of protection of life and human health, it is necessary to ensure high standards relating to animal health. The emergence of a disease can quickly take on epizootic proportions, causing serious losses on the profitability of farms affected and can still pose a threat to public health. Thus, in order to avoid the emergence of new diseases and control the activities of farms, the need arose to establish programs/systems based on specific legislation, ensuring the traceability of animals that circulate within the space community, identifying and recording all information, in particular, small and large ruminants. So, there are currently several databases that enable register, organize and access information about the livestock, the keeper of the animals, the livestock, their locations and animal handling, and other aspects related to the various productive activities and health. This study is based on analysis of information poured into each program managers of databases, including those that contain information about the animal and licensing of livestock farms have been analyzed individually the following programs: PISA – Computer Program for Animal Health; SNIRA – National Information System and Registration Animal; REAP – Regime Exercise Activity Livestock. With this analysis it was possible to detect the strengths and limitations of the programs and realize how far is the ability to incorporate the information, now dispersed in an integrated system, more efficient, operational and more particularly from the standpoint of facilitating the user/breeder

Higiene do sono: cartilha

UFRA - Campus BelémNós, psicólogos da assistência estudantil, criamos este material para abordarmos sobre a higiene do sono. O que é, como realizar, quais os benefícios do sono e os problemas que a insônia pode causar. Além de algumas dicas para higienizar seu sono. Quando falamos sobre o sono, uma das primeiras coisas associadas é o descanso e esse pensamento não está de todo errado, parte da finalidade do sono é o descanso, mas engana-se quem pensa que a atividade cerebral seja apenas de repouso, muito da atividade elétrica do cérebro é similar em complexidade a de quando estamos em estado de vigília (BRANDÃO, 2019), isso significa que enquanto dormimos muitas coisas acontecem, uma delas é o sonho, mas ela é apenas uma parte, para sermos mais precisos o sono é dividido em sono REM e sono não-REM.We, student assistance psychologists, created this material to address sleep hygiene. What it is, how to do it, what are the benefits of sleep and the problems that insomnia can cause. In addition to some tips to sanitize your sleep. When we talk about sleep, one of the first things associated with it is rest and this thought is not at all wrong, part of the purpose of sleep is rest, but It is wrong to think that brain activity is only at rest, much of the brain's electrical activity is similar in complexity to when we are in a waking state (BRANDÃO, 2019), this means that while we sleep many things happen, one of them is the dream, but it is only a part, to be more precise sleep is divided into REM sleep and non-REM sleep

Malocclusion, psycho-social impacts and treatment need: A cross-sectional study of Tanzanian primary school-children

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>studies on the relationship between children's malocclusion and its psycho-social impacts are so far largely unexplored in low-income countries. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of malocclusion, reported dental problems and dissatisfaction with dental appearance among primary school children in Tanzania. The relationship of dissatisfaction with socio-demographic characteristics, clinically defined malocclusion and psychosocial impacts of dental anomalies was investigated. Orthodontic treatment need was estimated using an integrated socio-dental approach.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>One thousand six hundred and one children (mean age 13 yr) attending primary schools in the districts of Kinondoni and Temeke completed face to face interviews and a full mouth clinical examination. The survey instrument was designed to measure a Kiswahili translated and culturally adapted Child Oral Impact on Daily Performance (Child-OIDP) frequency score, reported dental problems, dissatisfaction with dental appearance/function and socio-demographic characteristics.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The prevalence of malocclusion varied from 0.9% (deep bite) to 22.5% (midline shift) with a total of 63.8% having at least one type of anomaly. Moderate proportions of children admitted dental problems; ranging from 7% (space position) to 20% (pain). The odds ratio of having problems with teeth position, spaces, pain and swallowing if having any malocclusion were, respectively 6.7, 3.9, 1.4 and 6.8. A total of 23.3% children were dissatisfied with dental appearance/function. Children dissatisfied with their dental appearance were less likely to be Temeke residents (OR = 0.5) and having parents of higher education (OR = 0.6) and more likely to reporting problem with teeth position (OR = 4.3) and having oral impacts (OR = 2.7). The socio-dental treatment need of 12% was five times lower than the normative need assessment of 63.8%.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Compared to the high prevalence of malocclusion, psycho social impacts and dissatisfaction with appearance/function was not frequent among Tanzanian schoolchildren. Subjects with malocclusion reported problems most frequently and malocclusion together with other psycho-social impact scores determined children's satisfaction with teeth appearance- and function.</p

Three little pieces for computer and relativity

Numerical relativity has made big strides over the last decade. A number of problems that have plagued the field for years have now been mostly solved. This progress has transformed numerical relativity into a powerful tool to explore fundamental problems in physics and astrophysics, and I present here three representative examples. These "three little pieces" reflect a personal choice and describe work that I am particularly familiar with. However, many more examples could be made.Comment: 42 pages, 11 figures. Plenary talk at "Relativity and Gravitation: 100 Years after Einstein in Prague", June 25 - 29, 2012, Prague, Czech Republic. To appear in the Proceedings (Edition Open Access). Collects results appeared in journal articles [72,73, 122-124

Spatial Evaluation and Modeling of Dengue Seroprevalence and Vector Density in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Dengue is a major public health problem in many tropical regions of the world, including Brazil, where Aedes aegypti is the main vector. We present a household study that combines data on dengue fever seroprevalence, recent dengue infection, and vector density, in three neighborhoods of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during its most devastating dengue epidemic to date. This integrated entomological–serological survey showed evidence of silent transmission even during a severe epidemic. Also, past exposure to dengue virus was highly associated with age and living in areas of high movement of individuals and social/commercial activity. No association was observed between household infestation index and risk of dengue infection in these areas. Our findings are discussed in the light of current theories regarding transmission thresholds and relative role of mosquitoes and humans as vectors of dengue viruses

Expanding the knowledge about Leishmania species in wild mammals and dogs in the Brazilian savannah

Background: Wild, synanthropic and domestic mammals act as hosts and/or reservoirs of several Leishmania spp. Studies on possible reservoirs of Leishmania in different areas are fundamental to understand host-parasite interactions and develop strategies for the surveillance and control of leishmaniasis. In the present study, we evaluated the Leishmania spp. occurrence in mammals in two conservation units and their surroundings in Brasília, Federal District (FD), Brazil. Methods: Small mammals were captured in Brasília National Park (BNP) and Contagem Biological Reserve (CBR) and dogs were sampled in residential areas in their vicinity. Skin and blood samples were evaluated by PCR using different molecular markers (D7 24Sα rRNA and rDNA ITS1). Leishmania species were identified by sequencing of PCR products. Dog blood samples were subjected to the rapid immunochromatographic test (DPP) for detection of anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies. Results: 179 wild mammals were studied and 20.1% had Leishmania DNA successfully detected in at least one sample. Six mammal species were considered infected: Clyomys laticeps, Necromys lasiurus, Nectomys rattus, Rhipidomys macrurus, Didelphis albiventris and Gracilinanus agilis. No significant difference, comparing the proportion of individuals with Leishmania spp., was observed between the sampled areas and wild mammal species. Most of the positive samples were collected from the rodent N. lasiurus, infected by L. amazonensis or L. braziliensis. Moreover, infections by Trypanosoma spp. were detected in N. lasiurus and G. agilis. All 19 dog samples were positive by DPP; however, only three (15.8%) were confirmed by PCR assays. DNA sequences of ITS1 dog amplicons showed 100% identity with L. infantum sequence. Conclusions: The results suggest the participation of six species of wild mammals in the enzootic transmission of Leishmania spp. in FD. This is the first report of L. amazonensis in N. lasiurus

Immunity to Lutzomyia intermedia Saliva Modulates the Inflammatory Environment Induced by Leishmania braziliensis

Transmission of Leishmania parasites occurs during blood feeding, when infected female sand flies inject humans with parasites and saliva. Chemokines and cytokines are secreted proteins that regulate the initial immune responses and have the potential of attracting and activating cells. Herein, we studied the expression of such molecules and the cellular recruitment induced by salivary proteins of the Lutzomyia intermedia sand fly. Of note, Lutzomyia intermedia is the main vector of Leishmania braziliensis, a parasite species that causes cutaneous leishmaniasis, a disease associated with the development of destructive skin lesions that can be fatal if left untreated. We observed that L. intermedia salivary proteins induce a potent cellular recruitment and modify the expression profile of chemokines and cytokines in mice. More importantly, in mice previously immunized with L. intermedia saliva, the alteration in the initial inflammatory response was even more pronounced, in terms of the number of cells recruited and in terms of gene expression pattern. These findings indicate that an existing immunity to L. intermedia sand fly induces an important modulation in the initial immune response that may, in turn, promote parasite multiplication, leading to the development of cutaneous leishmaniasis