The upper cretaceous and lower paleocene of the eastern bogota plateau and llanos thrustbelt, colombia: alternative appraisal to the nomenclature and sequence stratigraphy

EI registro estratigratico de la parte oriental de la Saban a de Bogota y el Piedemonte L1anero ha sido estudiado con base en columnas estratigraticas y pozos petroleros, 10 cual ha conducido a un esquema alternative de nomenclatura estratiqratica y de estratigrafia secuencial. La Forrnacion Chipaque (Cenomaniense-Campaniense) est a suprayacida por el Grupo Guadalupe en la Saban a de Bogota y por el Grupo Palmichal en la zona del Piedemonte L1anero. De base a tope la correlacion entre las formaciones de estos grupos se propone asi: La Forrnacion Arenisca Dura (Campaniense) del Grupo Guadalupe corresponde a la Forrnacion Arenitas de San Antonio del Grupo Palmichal; la Forrnacion Plaeners (Campaniense-Maastrichtiense) a la Forrnacion Lodolitas de Aguacaliente. La Forrnacion Arenisca de Labor, el lIamado nivel de "Lutitas y areniscas finas" y la Forrnacion Arenisca Tierna del Grupo Guadalupe correspond en a la Forrnacion Arenitas de San Luis de Gaceno del Grupo Palmichal. Una parte de la porcion inferior de la Formacion Guaduas de la Sabana de Bogota es equivalente ala Formacion Guaduas del Grupo Palmichal. EI Grupo Palmichal se redefine excluyendo a la Forrnacion Socha Inferior, principalmente por existir una discordancia en su limite inferior, y se incluyen en el las Formaciones anteriormente mencionadas. Los ambientes deposicionales varian de acuerdo a los cambios del nivel del mar, tanto de segundo como de tercer orden. La Forrnacion Chipaque en la Sabana de Bogota representa un (super)cicio de segundo orden que comprende por 10 menos cuatro secuencias de tercer orden. De manera similar, el Grupo Guadalupe y la Forrnacion Guaduas son supersecuencias, en las cuales otras secuencias de mayor frecuencia se pueden delinear. Un periodo de erosion mayor, documentado aqui en el pozo Medina-Ilia causado perdida parcial del registro del piso Maastriclltiense. La siguiente secuencia esta representada en su parte inferior par un sistema de nivel ba]o, dentro de la Formaci6n Socha Inferior.The Upper Cretaceous stratigraphic record of the Eastern Bogota Plateau and Llanos Thrustbelt of Colombia was studied in several outcrop sections and oil wells, leading to an alternative scheme of stratigraphic nomenclature and sequence stratigraphic interpretation. The Chipaque Formation (Cenomanian-Campanian) is overlain by the Guadalupe Group in the Bogota Plateau and by the Palmichal Group in the Llanos Thrustbelt. From oldest to youngest, the correlation between the subdivisions of these two groups is as follows: The Arenisca Dura Formation (Campanian) of the Guadalupe Group, corresponds to the Arenitas de San Antonio Formation of the Palmichal Group; the Plaeners Formation (Campanian-Maastrichtian) to the Lodolitas de Aguacaliente Formation; the Arenisca de Labor, the so-called "Lutitas y areniscas finas" and the Arenisca Tlerna Formations of the Guadalupe Group correspond to the Arenitas de San Luis de Gaceno Formation of the Palmichal Group. In turn, a lower part of the Guaduas Formation of the Bogota Plateau is equivalent to the Guaduas Formation of the Palmichal Group. The Palmichal Group is redefined by excluding the overlying Socha Inferior Formation from it, mainly because the Socha Inferior's lower limit is represented in some places by an unconformity. Additionally, the above mentioned formations are included now in the Palmichal Group. Major depositional environments shift according to sea level fluctuations of second and third order. The Chipaque Formation of the Bogota area is a second order (super)cycie where at least four third order sequences are circumscribed. Likewise, the Guadalupe Group and the Guaduas Formation aresupersequences that bear higher frequency sequences. A major erosion period, documented here in the Medina-1 well, cannibalized part of the Maastrichtian of the Palmichal Group. The youngest sequence studied is represented in its lower portion by the lowstand deposits of the Socha Inferior Formation

The Hopf Algebra of Renormalization, Normal Coordinates and Kontsevich Deformation Quantization

Using normal coordinates in a Poincar\'e-Birkhoff-Witt basis for the Hopf algebra of renormalization in perturbative quantum field theory, we investigate the relation between the twisted antipode axiom in that formalism, the Birkhoff algebraic decomposition and the universal formula of Kontsevich for quantum deformation.Comment: 21 pages, 15 figure

Multiregional Satellite Precipitation Products Evaluation over Complex Terrain

An extensive evaluation of nine global-scale high-resolution satellite-based rainfall (SBR) products is performed using a minimum of 6 years (within the period of 2000-13) of reference rainfall data derived from rain gauge networks in nine mountainous regions across the globe. The SBR products are compared to a recently released global reanalysis dataset from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The study areas include the eastern Italian Alps, the Swiss Alps, the western Black Sea of Turkey, the French Cévennes, the Peruvian Andes, the Colombian Andes, the Himalayas over Nepal, the Blue Nile in East Africa, Taiwan, and the U.S. Rocky Mountains. Evaluation is performed at annual, monthly, and daily time scales and 0.25° spatial resolution. The SBR datasets are based on the following retrieval algorithms: Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA), the NOAA/Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH), Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information Using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN), and Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP). SBR products are categorized into those that include gauge adjustment versus unadjusted. Results show that performance of SBR is highly dependent on the rainfall variability. Many SBR products usually underestimate wet season and overestimate dry season precipitation. The performance of gauge adjustment to the SBR products varies by region and depends greatly on the representativeness of the rain gauge network

Clasificación de 42 líneas mejoradas de arveja (pisum sativum l.) por caracteres morfológicos y comportamiento agronómico.

El estudio se realizó en la Sabana de Bogotá (Colombia), bajo condiciones de invernadero, durante dos ciclos de cultivo. En el primero se evaluaron las variables morfológicas y agronómicas, relacionadas con: componentes de rendimiento, precocidad, altura y hábito de crecimiento, cantidad de ramas, tipo de hoja; tamaño de hoja, tipo y grado de curvatura de la vaina, tamaño de pedúnculo, número de vainas por racimo, color de flor y características morfológicas del grano. En el segundo ciclo se evaluó la enfermedad “ascochyta” causada por Ascochyta spp. y Mycosphaerella spp. El objetivo de esta investigación fue: identificar líneas genéticas promisorias para continuar el programa de fitomejoramiento en arveja. El Análisis Factorial de Datos Mixtos AFDM, permitió agrupar las 42 líneas de mejora genética en 4 clases de variación cualitativa y cuantitativa, como también seleccionar a los genotipos M-049, M-078, M-080 y M-082 como sobresalientes por caracteres agronómicos

Canonical Quantization, Space-Time Noncommutativity and Deformed Symmetries in Field Theory

Within the spirit of Dirac's canonical quantization, noncommutative spacetime field theories are introduced by making use of the reparametrization invariance of the action and of an arbitrary non-canonical symplectic structure. This construction implies that the constraints need to be deformed, resulting in an automatic Drinfeld twisting of the generators of the symmetries associated with the reparametrized theory. We illustrate our procedure for the case of a scalar field in 1+1- spacetime dimensions, but it can be readily generalized to arbitrary dimensions and arbitrary types of fields.Comment: 16 page

Psychometric evidence of a brief measure of resilience in non-institutionalized Peruvian older adults

Resilience is understood as the domain of personal resources and contextual factors that allow for a successful coping and enhance positive adaptation to the different stressors during the lifespan, thereby being important for a healthy and successful aging. Nowadays, several brief instruments have been developed to measure resilience, such as the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS), an instrument that measures the ability of people to confront stress in an adaptive way. In this vein, the study provides evidence of the validity and reliability of the BRCS in non-institutionalized older adults in Peru. Two hundred thirty-six elderly people of both genders, 78.4% women and 21.6% men, with a mean age of 72.8 years (SD= 6.90), who answered the Spanish version of the BRCS and other scales to measure satisfaction with life, humor as coping, and depression. Confirmatory factor analysis corroborates the one-dimensional structure of the BRCS. The coefficients of internal consistency, Chronbach's alpha and omega, indicated an adequate reliability of the BRCS. Both the adjustment indices of the model and the values of the coefficients of reliability were higher compared to those reported in the literature. The BRCS showed positive and significant correlations with satisfaction with life and humor as coping (p < .01). Likewise, negative and significant correlations were observed with depression (p < .01). The results show that the BRCS has proved valid and reliable, supporting its use as a short measure of resilience in older Peruvians.La resiliencia es comprendida como el dominio de recursos personales y factores contextuales que permiten un afrontamiento exitoso y el logro de una adaptación positiva ante los diferentes estresores que aparecen a lo largo de la vida, siendo así importante dentro del proceso de envejecimiento saludable y exitoso. En la actualidad se han desarrollado instrumentos breves para la medición de la resiliencia como la escala breve de resiliencia (BRCS - Brief Resilient Coping Scale) que evalúa la capacidad de los individuos para hacer frente al estrés de manera adaptativa. En este sentido, el estudio ofrece evidencia de validez y fiabilidad de la BRCS en adultos mayores no institucionalizados peruanos. Se contó con la participación de 236 adultos mayores con una edad promedio de 72.8 años (DT = 6.90) de los cuales el 78.4% eran mujeres y el 21.6% hombres, quienes respondieron la versión en español del BRCS y otras escalas para medir la satisfacción con la vida, humor como afrontamiento y depresión. Mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio se corrobora la estructura unidimensional de la BRCS. Los coeficientes de consistencia interna alfa de Cronbach y omega indicaron una adecuada fiabilidad de la BRCS. Tanto los índices de ajuste del modelo como los valores de los coeficientes de fiabilidad fueron mejores en comparación con los reportados en la literatura. La BRCS mostró una correlación positiva significativa con la satisfacción con la vida y el humor como afrontamiento (p < .01). Asimismo, se observó una correlación negativa significativa con depresión (p < .01). Los resultados muestran que la BRCS cuenta con evidencias de validez y fiabilidad que avala su empleo como medida breve de la resiliencia en adultos mayores peruanos

Environmental variables, habitat discontinuity and life history shaping the genetic structure of Pomatoschistus marmoratus

Coastal lagoons are semi-isolated ecosystems exposed to wide fluctuations of environmental conditions and showing habitat fragmentation. These features may play an important role in separating species into different populations, even at small spatial scales. In this study, we evaluate the concordance between mitochondrial (previous published data) and nuclear data analyzing the genetic variability of Pomatoschistus marmoratus in five localities, inside and outside the Mar Menor coastal lagoon (SE Spain) using eight microsatellites. High genetic diversity and similar levels of allele richness were observed across all loci and localities, although significant genic and genotypic differentiation was found between populations inside and outside the lagoon. In contrast to the FST values obtained from previous mitochondrial DNA analyses (control region), the microsatellite data exhibited significant differentiation among samples inside the Mar Menor and between lagoonal and marine samples. This pattern was corroborated using Cavalli-Sforza genetic distances. The habitat fragmentation inside the coastal lagoon and among lagoon and marine localities could be acting as a barrier to gene flow and contributing to the observed genetic structure. Our results from generalized additive models point a significant link between extreme lagoonal environmental conditions (mainly maximum salinity) and P. marmoratus genetic composition. Thereby, these environmental features could be also acting on genetic structure of coastal lagoon populations of P. marmoratus favoring their genetic divergence. The mating strategy of P. marmoratus could be also influencing our results obtained from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Therefore, a special consideration must be done in the selection of the DNA markers depending on the reproductive strategy of the species

The emerging structure of the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis: where does Evo-Devo fit in?

The Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (EES) debate is gaining ground in contemporary evolutionary biology. In parallel, a number of philosophical standpoints have emerged in an attempt to clarify what exactly is represented by the EES. For Massimo Pigliucci, we are in the wake of the newest instantiation of a persisting Kuhnian paradigm; in contrast, Telmo Pievani has contended that the transition to an EES could be best represented as a progressive reformation of a prior Lakatosian scientific research program, with the extension of its Neo-Darwinian core and the addition of a brand-new protective belt of assumptions and auxiliary hypotheses. Here, we argue that those philosophical vantage points are not the only ways to interpret what current proposals to ‘extend’ the Modern Synthesis-derived ‘standard evolutionary theory’ (SET) entail in terms of theoretical change in evolutionary biology. We specifically propose the image of the emergent EES as a vast network of models and interweaved representations that, instantiated in diverse practices, are connected and related in multiple ways. Under that assumption, the EES could be articulated around a paraconsistent network of evolutionary theories (including some elements of the SET), as well as models, practices and representation systems of contemporary evolutionary biology, with edges and nodes that change their position and centrality as a consequence of the co-construction and stabilization of facts and historical discussions revolving around the epistemic goals of this area of the life sciences. We then critically examine the purported structure of the EES—published by Laland and collaborators in 2015—in light of our own network-based proposal. Finally, we consider which epistemic units of Evo-Devo are present or still missing from the EES, in preparation for further analyses of the topic of explanatory integration in this conceptual framework