A preliminary study on electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 using FAC-ReI(CO)3(4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)((E)-2-((3-amino-pyridin-4-ylimino)-methyl)-4,6-DI-tert-butylphenol))+ complex

Indexación: Scopus.Several research to explore the possible conversion of CO2 using rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes have been reported the last years. In the present work, we investigated a potential use of fac-Re(CO)3(4,4′-di-methyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)L+ complex (C2), where L is an electron-withdrawing ancillary ligands which present an intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB), in a preliminary electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. The C2 complex was synthesized and characterized according to reported methods earlier. The cyclic voltammogram profle for the C2 complex were studied in dichloromethane under inert atmosphere, and it shows a typical behavior for an electrocatalytic process, the C2 complex illustrate the electrochemical reaction mechanism corresponds to an electrochemical-chemical-electrochemical pathway (ECE). Also, a Vitreous Carbon plate used as working electrode was employed and modifed by cycling the anodic region of C2 in CH2Cl2 which involve the oxidative redox response for the -NH2 and -OH groups. The voltammogram profle involve shows a polymeric deposit on the plate surface in a CO2 saturated solution (pH=7.0). A strong electrocatalytic discharge of current is obtained with a wave foot of -1.3 V showing that C2 have the potential to be used in electrocatalyst CO2 reduction. © 2017 Sociedad Chilena de Quimica. All Rights Reserved.https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/jcchems/v62n4/0717-9324-jcchems-62-04-3765.pd

Detection of magnetic moment in thin films with a home-made vibrating sample magnetometer

This paper explores the optimization of an array of pick-up coils in a home-made vibrating sample magnetometer for the detection of magnetic moment in thin films. Sensitivity function of a 4-coils Mallinson configuration was numerically studied for the determination of the physical dimensions that enhance the sensitivity of the magnetometer. By performing numerical simulations using the Biot-Savart law combined with the principle of reciprocity we were able to determine the maximum values of sensitivity and the influence of the separation of the coils on the sensitivity function. After the optimization of the pick-up coils, the vibrating sample magnetometer was able to detect the magnetic moment of a 100 nm-thickness Fe19Ni81 magnetic thin film along and perpendicular to the in-plane anisotropy easy axis. The implemented vibrating sample magnetometer is able to detect changes in the magnetic moment of ∼2 × 10-4 emu.Fil: Jordán, D.. Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Facultad de Ciencias; PerúFil: González Chávez, D.. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas; BrasilFil: Laura, D.. Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Facultad de Ciencias; PerúFil: Leon Hilario, Ludwin Misael. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Facultad de Ciencias; PerúFil: Monteblanco, E.. Universite de Lorraine; FranciaFil: Gutarra Espinoza, Abel. Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Facultad de Ciencias; PerúFil: Aviles Felix, Luis Steven. Comision Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia de Área Investigaciones y Aplicaciones no Nucleares. Gerencia de Física (Centro Atómico Bariloche). División Resonancias Magnéticas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Supermetric search with the four-point property

Metric indexing research is concerned with the efficient evaluation of queries in metric spaces. In general, a large space of objects is arranged in such a way that, when a further object is presented as a query, those objects most similar to the query can be efficiently found. Most such mechanisms rely upon the triangle inequality property of the metric governing the space. The triangle inequality property is equivalent to a finite embedding property, which states that any three points of the space can be isometrically embedded in two-dimensional Euclidean space. In this paper, we examine a class of semimetric space which is finitely 4-embeddable in three-dimensional Euclidean space. In mathematics this property has been extensively studied and is generally known as the four-point property. All spaces with the four-point property are metric spaces, but they also have some stronger geometric guarantees. We coin the term supermetric space as, in terms of metric search, they are significantly more tractable. We show some stronger geometric guarantees deriving from the four-point property which can be used in indexing to great effect, and show results for two of the SISAP benchmark searches that are substantially better than any previously published

Pure spin current manipulation in antiferromagnetically exchange coupled heterostructures

We present a model to describe the spin currents generated by ferromagnet/spacer/ferromagnet exchange coupled trilayer systems and heavy metal layers with strong spin-orbit coupling. By exploiting the magnitude of the exchange coupling (oscillatory RKKY-like coupling) and the spin-flop transition in the magnetization process, it has been possible to produce spin currents polarized in arbitrary directions. The spin-flop transition of the trilayer system originates pure spin currents whose polarization vector depends on the exchange field and the magnetization equilibrium angles. We also discuss a protocol to control the polarization sign of the pure spin current injected into the metallic layer by changing the initial conditions of magnetization of the ferromagnetic layers previously to the spin pumping and inverse spin Hall effect experiments. The small differences in the ferromagnetic layers lead to a change in the magnetization vector rotation that permits the control of the sign of the induced voltage components due to the inverse spin Hall effect. Our results can lead to important advances in hybrid spintronic devices with new functionalities, particularly, the ability to control microscopic parameters such as the polarization direction and the sign of the pure spin current through the variation of macroscopic parameters, such as the external magnetic field or the thickness of the spacer in antiferromagnetic exchange coupled systems.Fil: Avilés Félix, L.. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: Butera, Alejandro Ricardo. Comision Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia de Área Investigaciones y Aplicaciones no Nucleares. Gerencia de Física (Centro Atómico Bariloche). División Resonancias Magnéticas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: González Chávez, D. E.. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas; BrasilFil: Sommer, R. L.. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas; BrasilFil: Gomez, Javier Enrique. Comision Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia de Área Investigaciones y Aplicaciones no Nucleares. Gerencia de Física (Centro Atómico Bariloche). División Resonancias Magnéticas; Argentin

Reference point hyperplane trees

Our context of interest is tree-structured exact search in metric spaces. We make the simple observation that, the deeper a data item is within the tree, the higher the probability of that item being excluded from a search. Assuming a fixed and independent probability p of any subtree being excluded at query time, the probability of an individual data item being accessed is (1−p)d for a node at depth d. In a balanced binary tree half of the data will be at the maximum depth of the tree so this effect should be significant and observable. We test this hypothesis with two experiments on partition trees. First, we force a balance by adjusting the partition/exclusion criteria, and compare this with unbalanced trees where the mean data depth is greater. Second, we compare a generic hyperplane tree with a monotone hyperplane tree, where also the mean depth is greater. In both cases the tree with the greater mean data depth performs better in high-dimensional spaces. We then experiment with increasing the mean depth of nodes by using a small, fixed set of reference points to make exclusion decisions over the whole tree, so that almost all of the data resides at the maximum depth. Again this can be seen to reduce the overall cost of indexing. Furthermore, we observe that having already calculated reference point distances for all data, a final filtering can be applied if the distance table is retained. This reduces further the number of distance calculations required, whilst retaining scalability. The final structure can in fact be viewed as a hybrid between a generic hyperplane tree and a LAESA search structure

El impacto de los caudales medioambientales en la satisfacción de la demanda de agua bajo escenarios de cambio climático

RESUMENEl uso creciente del recurso hídrico para satisfacer las diferentes demandas de un sistema, muchas veces por encima de su disponibilidad hídrica, ha generado una reducción en el nivel de satisfacción de dichas demandas, así como una reducción en los caudales medioambientales necesarios para alcanzar el buen estado ecológico. A largo plazo, estos problemas pueden verse intensificados como consecuencia del cambio climático. La satisfacción de las demandas de un sistema sin afectar al medio ambiente es uno de los principales objetivos de una eficaz gestión del recurso hídrico. La consideración de unos requerimientos ambientales puede influir en la sensibilidad de un sistema en el momento de satisfacer adecuadamente las diferentes demandas. Este artículo se enfoca en evaluar dicha sensibilidad a largo plazo, mediante el uso de dos indicadores de eficiencia que permiten identificar los problemas de escasez de agua bajo diferentes escenarios de reducciones en las aportaciones. Los requerimientos ambientales se determinaron tomando en cuenta las distribuciones mensuales y anuales de las aportaciones para los diferentes escenarios futuros. Como resultado de aplicar la metodología a la cuenca del Guadalquivir, en España, se observa que los problemas de escasez de agua que actualmente padece la cuenca puedan verse intensificados bajo cambio climático, comprometiendo una adecuada satisfacción de las demandas de agua del sistema. Estos problemas podrían reducirse, e incluso eliminarse, si se consigue limitar el consumo de agua por debajo de la disponibilidad hídrica que presente la cuenca, especialmente en los recursos destinados a la agricultura.ABSTRACTThe increasing use of water resources in order to meet the different demands of a system, often above their water availability has led to inadequate attention to such demands, as well as, has generated a reduction in environmental flows needed to achieve good water status. In the long term, these problems may be intensified under climate change scenarios. An adequate attention of the system demands without affecting the environment is one of the main objectives of the water resources management. The consideration of the environmental flows can influence the sensitivity of a system when addressing the different demands. This paper focuses on assessing this sensitivity to long term by using two efficiency indicators, which ones allow to identify water scarcity problems under different scenarios of flows reduction. Environmental requirements are determined by taking into account the monthly and annual distributions of the flows for different future scenarios. The proposed methodology is applied to the Guadalquivir basin in Spain. The results show that the current water scarcity problems of the basin can be intensified when the environmental requirements are considered in the system. These problems could be reduced or even eliminated, if water consumption is limited below the water availability of the basin, especially in the resources for agriculture

Secure Metric-Based Index for Similarity Cloud

We propose a similarity index that ensures data privacy and thus is suitable for search systems outsourced in a cloud. The proposed solution can exploit existing efficient metric indexes based on a fixed set of reference points. The method has been fully implemented as a security extension of an existing established approach called M-Index. This Encrypted M-Index supports evaluation of standard range and nearest neighbors queries both in precise and approximate manner. In the first part of this work, we analyze various levels of privacy in existing or future similarity search systems; the proposed solution tries to keep a reasonable privacy level while relocating only the necessary amount of work from server to an authorized client. The Encrypted M-Index has been tested on three real data sets with focus on various cost components

Parallel accelerated cyclic reduction preconditioner for three-dimensional elliptic PDEs with variable coefficients

We present a robust and scalable preconditioner for the solution of large-scale linear systems that arise from the discretization of elliptic PDEs amenable to rank compression. The preconditioner is based on hierarchical low-rank approximations and the cyclic reduction method. The setup and application phases of the preconditioner achieve log-linear complexity in memory footprint and number of operations, and numerical experiments exhibit good weak and strong scalability at large processor counts in a distributed memory environment. Numerical experiments with linear systems that feature symmetry and nonsymmetry, definiteness and indefiniteness, constant and variable coefficients demonstrate the preconditioner applicability and robustness. Furthermore, it is possible to control the number of iterations via the accuracy threshold of the hierarchical matrix approximations and their arithmetic operations, and the tuning of the admissibility condition parameter. Together, these parameters allow for optimization of the memory requirements and performance of the preconditioner

Comportamiento clínico, epidemiológico y uso de suero antiofídico BIOL, en el manejo de accidentes ofídico en hospitales de Chontales, Rio San Juan, Matagalpa y Jinotega, en el período de Enero a Agosto de 2013

Las mordeduras por serpientes constituyen algunas de las urgencias más importantes que se atienden en las unidades de salud de Nicaragua, el tratamiento clave para este tipo de lesiones es el suero antiofídico. Existen dos familias venenosas de serpientes, elapidaes o corales manejadas con suero anticoral, y familia Viperidaes tratadas con suero polivalente. El suero utilizado para Viperidaes tradicionalmente ha sido el suero del Instituto de Clodomiro Picado, pero recientemente se ha incluido un nuevo suero polivalente (BIOL) para el manejo de los mismos. Con el objetivo de determinar el comportamiento clínico, epidemiológico y uso del suero BIOL en mejorar el cuadro clínico, se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, donde se analizaron datos recolectados de los expedientes clínicos de 70 pacientes, con antecedentes de accidentes ofídicos en los departamentos de Matagalpa, Jinotega, Chontales y Río San Juan, entre enero y agosto de 2013. La tasa de incidencia fue de 5.5 casos por 100,000 habitantes, con predominio en el sexo masculino (73%), en edades comprendidas entre 10 y 49 años(62%), realizaban en su mayoría labores agrícolas (32.8%). El género Bothrops asper fue el responsable del 71.4% de los casos. Del total de pacientes lesionados, el 71.4 % acudió por atención a los puestos y centros de salud de su comunidad o municipio, y a un 86 % de estos les fue suministrado suero antiveneno. Los cuadros clínicos más frecuentes al momento del ingreso al hospital fueron edema y dolor en la extremidad. A 38 pacientes se les suministró suero BIOL-CLB, 22 se clasificaron como envenenamiento leve (57.8 %), 12 pacientes en la categoría de envenenamiento moderado (31.6%) y 4 pacientes (10.5 %) en cuadro de envenenamiento severo. Una vez aplicado el suero hubo mejoría en los síntomas y en las determinaciones de laboratorio, además solamente 3 de 38 pacientes sufrieron algún tipo de reacción al suero, prurito generalizado y aumento de calo