PMAR: Piracy, Maritime Awareness & Risks. Trial Implementation under MASE

During one year, from September 2014 to September 2015, the PMAR-MASE project has produced the real-time traffic picture of the reporting ships (that use the AIS or LRIT automatic position reporting system) over the entire Western Indian Ocean, and delivered it via a web viewer to two authorities in Africa with a regional maritime security responsibility: the Anti-Piracy Unit of the Indian Ocean Commission in the Seychelles, and the Regional Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre of the Kenya Maritime Authority in Mombasa. In addition, monthly ship density maps have been produced, and a number of satellite images have been analysed to assess the presence of non-reporting ships. The purpose of the project was familiarisation of maritime authorities in the Eastern-Southern Africa / Indian Ocean region with region-wide maritime monitoring, providing hands-on experience, and developing an understanding of what kind of information level is attainable and how to use the information. This report discusses the activities done under the project, the data that were used, the system design, the processing that was done, the visits to the region, the user feedback, and the performance of the system. The PMAR approach is based on the fusion of AIS and LRIT data from several sources, with satellite AIS being the most valuable data type, supplemented by a limited number of satellite SAR images. It is concluded that this approach provides a very powerful tool for region-wide maritime awareness, to which the authorities can avail themselves via commercial services.JRC.G.3-Maritime affair

Fuelling legitimacy : the impact of energy security on China's foreign policy

published_or_final_versionInternational and Public AffairsMasterMaster of International and Public Affair

Vom "umfassenden" zum "integrierten Ansatz": notwendige Schritte zur Weiterentwicklung der EU-Außenbeziehungen am Beispiel der Sahelzone und des Horns von Afrika

Im Juni 2016 wird die neue Globalstrategie der Europäischen Union vorgestellt. Eines der Kernanliegen, das mit der Erarbeitung dieses Grundlagendokuments verknüpft wird, ist die Fortentwicklung des "umfassenden Ansatzes" der EU in einen "integrierten Ansatz". Ihren Anspruch, außenpolitisch umfassend zu handeln, bezieht die EU auf die institutionelle und die inhaltliche Ebene. Gemeinhin werden die Mitgliedstaaten der Union dafür verantwortlich gemacht, dass die EU diesen Anspruch bislang nicht einlösen konnte. Wie koordiniert agieren aber die "Brüsseler" Akteure der EU-Außenpolitik, die EU-Kommission und der Europäische Auswärtige Dienst? Dass sich die Studie auf diese beiden Akteure fokussiert, gründet auf der Annahme, dass eine Weiterentwicklung des umfassenden Ansatzes nur gelingen kann, wenn das institutionelle und inhaltliche Zusammenspiel von EAD und Kommission verbessert wird. Beim EU-Handeln in der Sahelzone und am Horn von Afrika, wo die Union besonders aktiv ist, zeigt sich, dass zwischen EAD und EU-Kommission formal festgelegt werden muss, wer die Prioritäten bestimmt, Entscheidungen trifft und diese vor Ort durchsetzt. Die Ergebnisse der Studie legen nahe, den umfassenden Ansatz durch drei Maßnahmen weiterzuentwickeln: Erstens sollten Regionalstrategien unmittelbar durch Aktionspläne ergänzt werden. Zweitens und parallel dazu sollte im EAD ein mit Richtlinienkompetenz ausgestatteter "Beauftragter für die Umsetzung von Regionalstrategien" eingesetzt werden. Drittens sollten EAD und Kommission "strategische Budgets" entwickeln, mit denen die prioritären Projekte des EU-Außenhandelns finanziert werden können. Von EAD und Kommission gemeinsam erarbeitet und verwaltet, würden aus diesen Etats kurz- bis langfristige Programme themenfeldübergreifend gefördert. (Autorenreferat

human rights: the core of prosecution and prevention

A definição de pirataria ou a desmistificação da sua origem, no tempo e espaço, revela maiores dificuldades do que atualmente. Com este trabalho propusemo-nos a estudar como é que a pirataria era perpetrada e entendida no passado, bem como no presente. Também nos propomos a identificar limitações legais e as medidas operativas no combate à pirataria, como por exemplo: limites conceptuais, lacunas, estratégias, entre outros. Por outro lado, atendemos as soluções encontradas no combate à pirataria sem deixar de observar fraqueza da lei e conflitos entre jurisdições. Por fim, o curso da história dá-nos a seguinte percepção: a pirataria era tida como crime se fosse contra os interesses das nações. O desinteresse dos Estados para reprimir a pirataria possibilitou o seu aumento, proliferação, domínio e sofisticação em certas regiões do Mundo. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo trazer para o centro da discussão os direitos humanos numa perspetiva tripla: proibição da pirataria, supressão e raízes, aliando o estudo de possíveis respostas a dar a esta epidemia.The definition of piracy or to define its origin in time and space is far too complicated and difficult than it has been in the recent times. This study attempts to reveal how piracy was originally perpetrated and understood, proceeded by a contemporary perspective. It also intends to identify limitations of laws and counterattacks, such as: conceptual limits, gaps, marginal strategies and other aspects. We attempt to contemplate a range of solutions to prosecute pirates, revealing the legal weakness and jurisdictional conflicts. Finally, the course of history gives us the following perception: piracy was seen as a crime if it opposed to interests of nations. The lack of interest of States to suppress piracy and its unconcern led to its entrenched, proliferation, domain and sophistication in certain regions of the globe. This work has the aim to bring the branch of human rights to the core of the problem in a three – pronged approach: piracy prohibition, suppression and roots, studying the available theories about this epidemic problem

Piracy

(MIWS/05 - Maritime Irregular Warfare Studies, book 5) Piracy, by Dr. Martin Murphy, examines the security challenges created by piracy around the Horn of Africa. Murphy examines the linkages between piracy and weak states, in addition to considering the threat piracy poses to shipping and global trade. In particular, he argues that Somali pirates have proved to be masters of adaptation, both strategically and tactically, as they exploit the chaos within Somalia and in the international maritime order. Moreover, Somali piracy cannot be seen in isolation from the wider geostrategic issues of free movement and safe passage to trade between Europe and Asia, and the shipment of oil from the Arabian Gulf to the rest of the world.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/ciwag-case-studies/1003/thumbnail.jp

Re-assessment of Acts of Piracy Under Contemporary International Law With Particular Reference to Activities of Somali Pirates

In this work, I present a range of guidance aimed at addressing maritime security which concerns Somali piracy and armed robbery against ships; this includes guidance to governments, ship owners and ship operators, shipmasters and crews on preventing and suppressing piracy and armed robbery against ships; investigation of offences and the use of armed personnel should be granted and enacted into law which are binding on all state parties internationally and regionally. These recommendations should promote the development of the international shipping industry, and bring peace to the Gulf of Aden